• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.851-859
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of six weeks of plyometric training on Sargent jumps, posture control, and lower extremity injury criterion in Taekwondo demonstrator. Twenty healthy collegiate Taekwoondo demontrators were randomly assigned to either an exercise group (Ex = 10), and a control group (Con = 10), Con maintained their normal Taekwoondo demontration training schedule. Whereas Ex group completed the plyometric program in three times a week, 60 minute for 6 weeks. Testing before and after training include the Sargent jump, back muscle strength, Y-balance and lower extremity injury criterion. There are no significant increase in back muscle strength, but significant increase in Sargent jump. In postural control, the anterior was not significant, but there was a significant increase in the left and right posterolateral, posteromedial and the total score showed that there was no risk of injuries. In conclusion, plyometric training is a training method that needs to be actively utilized for power, dynamic posture control, lower extremity injury prevention, and rehabilitation.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.3-30
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• 2022

On 27 October the Supreme Court of UK handed down its much anticipated decision in Kabab-Ji SAL (Lebanon) v Kout Food Group (Kuwait) [2021] UKSC 48. The issues for the Supreme Court to decide were as follows: (1) which law governed the validity of the arbitration agreement; (2) if English law applied, whether, as a matter of English law, there was any real prospect that a court might find that KFG became a party to the arbitration agreement, and (3) whether, procedurally, the Court of Appeal was correct in giving summary judgment refusing recognition and enforcement the award, or whether there should have been a full rehearing of whether there was a valid and binding arbitration agreement for the purposes of the New York Convention and the AA 1996 (the 'procedural' issue) The decision in Kabab-Ji provides further reassuring clarity on how the governing law of the arbitration agreement is to be determined under English law where the governing law is not expressly stated in the arbitration agreement itself. The Supreme Court's reasoning is consistent with its earlier decision on the same issue, albeit in the context of enforcement pursuant to the New York Convention, rather than considering the arbitration agreement before an award is rendered. This paper presents some implications of Kabab-Ji case. Also, it seeks to provide a meaningful discussion and theories on the arbitration system in Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.495-507
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• 2023

Teachers often encounter challenges in supporting students with question generation and the development of investigation plans in sensemaking activities. A primary challenge stems from the ambiguity surrounding how students apply their conceptual understandings in this process. This study aims to explore how students apply their conceptual understandings to generate questions and design investigation processes in a sensemaking activity. Two types of student group activities were identified and examined for comparison: One focused on designing a process to achieve the goal of sensemaking, and the other focused on following the step-by-step scientific inquiry procedures. The design of investigation process in each group was concretized with epistemic criteria used for evaluating the designs. The students' use of conceptual understandings in discussions around each was then examined. The findings reveal three epistemic criteria employed in generating questions and designing investigation processes. First, the students examined the interestingness of natural phenomena, using their conceptual understandings of the structure and function of entities within natural phenomena to identify a target phenomenon. This process involved verifying their existing knowledge to determine the need for new understanding. The second criterion was the feasibility of investigating specific variables with the given resources. Here, the students relied on their conceptual understandings of the structure and function of entities corresponding to each variable to assess whether each variable could be investigated. The third epistemic criterion involved examining whether the factors of target phenomena expressed in everyday terms could be translated into observable variables capable of explaining the phenomena. Conceptual understandings related to the function of entities were used to translate everyday expressions into observable variables and vice versa. The students' conceptual understanding of a comprehensive mechanism was used to connect the elements of the phenomenon and use the elements as potential factors to explain the target phenomenon. In the case where the students focused on carrying out step-by-step procedures, data collection feasibility was the sole epistemic criterion guiding the design. This study contributes to elucidating how the process of a sensemaking activity can be developed in the science classroom and developing conceptual supports for designing sensemaking activities that align with students' perspectives.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.58
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• pp.99-124
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• 2013

International commercial arbitration is a specially formed mechanism for the final and binding settlement of disputes arisen between contracting parties regarding procedures, structures or other contractual relationship agreed by them. It is a resolution system which is processed autonomously by arbitrators who are appointed by contracting parties without involving the national court. If the contracting parties want to settle their disputes by arbitration, there must be a valid agreement. With a valid agreement, the most important concern is which law(called as the substantive law) should be applied in order to determine the rights and obligations of both contracting parties in relation to the dispute. At this point, the substantive law is really important because it is applied to the dispute itself directly during proceedings as well as it plays an crucial role in scrutiny and enforcement of arbitral awards. This article discusses about the substantive law under international commercial arbitration, specially focusing on the regulations of the ICC rules of arbitration, which is the most widely used all over the world and UNCITRAL Model law, which most countries' rule and laws are based on. By discussing how these rules and regulations should be interpreted and applied, it is expected to provide practical help to practitioners when they agree on an arbitration agreement.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2004

The accreditation system for engineering technology programs has not been carried out in this country. For need of accreditation for engineering technology programs and development of evaluation criteria, we need analyses of accreditation procedures, rules and evaluation criteria. So we researched accreditation system and evaluation criteria with countries. These are signatories to the Sydney Accord under which approved engineering technology programs. Accreditation procedures and evaluation criteria are characteristic of the each countries which carried out accreditation system. We have to introduce accreditation system and develop evaluation criteria in our manner for advancing our engineering technology education of community college.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.31-41
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• 2002

국내의 도로용량편람에 근거한 좌회전 신호의 선택기준은 4방향 접근로 각각의 방향별 교통량, 좌회전 전용차로의 유무, 차로수 등의 수많은 요인들을 통해 결정된다. 이 요인들은 각각의 특성에 따라 좌회전 신호의 선택기준에 미치는 영향력이 다르며 그 영향력의 크기에 따라 변수를 결정해야 한다. 그러나 국내에서 사용되고 있는 대부분의 좌회전 신호의 선택기준은 이러한 검토 없이 해당도로의 한 방향 좌회전 교통량과 이와 마주보며 진행하는 직진 교통량, 차로수만을 기준으로 결정되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 국내 도로용량편람의 알고리즘을 이용하여 좌회전 신호의 선택기준에 영향을 주는 주요 요인을 밝히고, 이 결과를 이용하여 임계좌회전 교통량 (비 보호좌회전 신호로 신호교차로의 운영효율을 극대화 할 수 있는 최대 좌회전 교통량)을 제시함으로서 비 보호 좌회전 준거를 설정하고자 하였다. 본 연구에 의한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 좌회전 신호의 선택기준에 영향을 주는 주요요인은 해당도로의 좌회전 교통량, 대향직진 교통량, 차로수, 교차도로의 교통량과 차로수이며, 이 요인들 중에서 해당도로의 차로수가 좌회전 신호의 선택기준에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나, 비 보호좌회전은 일반적으로 2차로에서 운영되므로 보편적인 상황에서의 비 보호좌회전 신호의 선택기준은 해당도로의 좌회전 교통량. 대향직진 교통량 및 교차도로의 교통량에 좌우된다. 둘째, 대향직진 교통량이 커질수록 임계좌회전 교통량은 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 셋째. 교차도로의 교통량이 커질수록 임계좌회전 교통량은 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.97-107
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• 2013

On the Staggered Crosswalks, pedestrians cross the crosswalks two times. This method can reduce the cycle, the vehicle delay and the walking distance by increasing the major direction of green time. The safety of pedestrians is also effective. This study suggests the warrant of the facilities of island width and length etc. by considering the road structure and pedestrians. Also this study suggests the standard of the safety through the accident analysis of Staggered crosswalks and General Crosswalks. In the results, accident rate of the Staggered Crosswalks 18.3(100 million vehicle-km) was lower than the accident rate of the General Crosswalks 28.3(100million vehicle-km). By understanding the start point of crossing of the Staggered Crosswalks, the analysis of the location and types of accident suggests the safety zone(spare space). The setting warrants of Staggered Crosswalks are 4 lane over the road and the 2 meter over sidewalk width of island. The minimum length of the Pedestrian island was doubled compared to the crosswalks width. And the maximum length was set by considering the wait time of the pedestrians.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.476-491
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of science writing activities on high school students' scientific thinking ability in Life Science I class. In order to do this, 6 teaching-learning materials dealing with science writing and an evaluation tool for scientific thinking ability were developed. And the subjects were 224 high school students of 6 classes. As a result of applying science writing activities in Life Science I class, the students' scientific thinking ability was improved. And students' inductive/deductive/critical/creative thinking ability was improved. In addition, in the most of the evaluation criteria of scientific thinking ability, the scores of posttest were higher than those of pretest. The number of students to show higher performance levels was increased. Therefore, science writing activities have positive effect on high school students' scientific thinking ability. This study provides some implications for teaching science writing activities to develop students' scientific thinking ability.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.179-204
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• 2009

As the concern with the educational training for human resources development in organizations grows, various programs are being offered in many places. Accordingly, the issue of securing the validity of the education and the importance of its assessment at the level of continuous quality management of the programs draw our attention. The purpose of this study is to offer the basic data of evaluation criteria for human resources development which knowledge-and-information saturated society requires, and also to draw out the greater area of human resources development educational program based on CIPP(Context, Input, Process, Product) model by Stufflebeam, an evaluation model concentrated on process, through literature and case study in and out of Korea. The result of the study is as follows. First, the evaluation areas drawn out by the greater sphere of context evaluation of human resources education program are needs analysis, goal setting, and organizational environment. Second, the evaluation areas drawn out by the greater sphere of input evaluation of human resources education program are educational program strategies, human resources, and physical resources. Third, the evaluation areas drawn out by the greater sphere of process evaluation of human resources education program are educational program management, teaching-learning strategies, and educational support environment. Fourth, the evaluation areas drawn out by the greater sphere of product evaluation of human resources education program are influence, effect, durability, and transference. The author supposes that these results will be able to become the basic materials for the systematic approach to educational programs through the analysis of evaluation criteria for and the greater sphere of educational program of human resources development.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.649-662
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• 2017

Since 1980, the number of universities have increased dramatically. However, compared to the quantitative growth, the lack of qualitative growth has often been criticized. Students entering university are estimated to decrease by half in 2025 compared to 2014. In swift response to challenges with decreasing student enrollment, the first University Reform Evaluation (URE) for innovating universities, was conducted and resulted in controversy. Opposition is based on distrust of the overall system, questioning the reliability of the evaluation process utilized for the URE evaluation index. Meta-evaluation is required to improve the quality of evaluation, and standards developed prior to conducting the URE. Therefore, an interdisciplinary approach is necessary for the evaluation of human resource development. This research uses the interdisciplinary approach from the human resources development point of view in attempting to develop meta-evaluation criteria which will enable effective evaluation and analysis of URE. The meta-evaluation standard features the creation of the ERPOU model, by conducting literature review, and considers data from expert symposiums, and surveys. The ERPOU model consists of 5 evaluation fields, 21 evaluation categories, and 42 evaluation standards.