• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.113-126
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• 2024

Individuals with social anxiety disorders tend to hold attentional bias toward threatening stimuli in social contexts regardless of task relevance. Although attentional bias is relatively consistent, findings on memory performance are mixed. This study examined attentional and memory biases toward threat stimuli in individuals with high levels of social anxiety. Participants included 19 individuals with high social anxiety (HSA) and another 20 individuals with low social anxiety (LSA). They performed a continuous attention task to measure attentional bias to threat. Afterward, they performed an unexpected memory task using distracting stimuli from the previous attention task to measure memory bias to task-irrelevant threatening stimuli. The results indicated that the HSA and LSA groups exhibited an initial attentional bias toward emotional faces. However, only the HSA group displayed prolonged attentional bias and demonstrated memory bias toward angry faces. Conversely, the LSA group exhibited attentional bias toward happy faces after 4 s. The findings imply that the absence of bias toward positive stimuli and the presence of bias toward negative stimuli may contribute to the maintenance and severity of social anxiety pathology.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.207-230
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• 2019

This study examined the effect of Attention Feedback Awareness and Control Training(A-FACT) on attention bias and generalized anxiety symptoms in college students. A total of 31 college students with at least 10 points on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale or at least 56 points on the Korean version of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (K-PSWQ) with attention bias were randomly assigned to one of three groups: A-FACT( n = 11), Attention Bias Modification (ABM)(n = 10) and Active Placebo Control (APC)(n = 10). Participants in A-FACT group received real-time feedback on attention bias based on their Baseline Neutral Response time(BNR) during A-FACT using a dot probe task. Participants in the ABM group received standard ABM, and those in the APC performed a dot probe task that they were informed was a program to reduce attention bias, but feedback was not provided. A total of eight sessions was conducted twice a week over a 4-week period. After every two sessions, GAD-7, K-PSWQ and K-STAI were rated. The effect of attention bias modification training was rated by changes in the Attention Bias Score(ABS), and in GAD-7, K-PSWQ and K-STAI scores. The results of repeated measure ANOVA indicated that the A-FACT group showed a significant decrease in ABS as well as in GAD-7, K-PSWQ and K-STAI scores compared to the other groups. Current results suggest that self-regulatory control of attention, that is, recognition of bias through feedback in A-FACT, may be effective in alleviating attention bias and generalized anxiety symptoms by recognizing bias through feedback on bias in attention bias modification training.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.935-946
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• 2016

This study aims to explore cognitive biases relating the core competences of science and instructional strategy in reducing the level of cognitive biases. The literature review method was used to explore cognitive biases and science education experts discussed the relevance of cognitive biases to science education. Twenty nine cognitive biases were categorized into five groups (limiting rational causal inference, limiting diverse information search, limiting self-regulated learning, limiting self-directed decision making, and category-limited thinking). The cognitive biases in limiting rational causal inference group are teleological thinking, availability heuristic, illusory correlation, and clustering illusion. The cognitive biases in limiting diverse information search group are selective perception, experimenter bias, confirmation bias, mere thought effect, attentional bias, belief bias, pragmatic fallacy, functional fixedness, and framing effect. The cognitive biases in limiting self-regulated learning group are overconfidence bias, better-than-average bias, planning fallacy, fundamental attribution error, Dunning-Kruger effect, hindsight bias, and blind-spot bias. The cognitive biases in limiting self-directed decision-making group are acquiescence effect, bandwagon effect, group-think, appeal to authority bias, and information bias. Lastly, the cognitive biases in category-limited thinking group are psychological essentialism, stereotyping, anthropomorphism, and outgroup homogeneity bias. The instructional strategy to reduce the level of cognitive biases is disused based on the psychological characters of cognitive biases reviewed in this study and related science education methods.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.223-233
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• 2022

In addition to optimistic bias which can be a biased phenomenon in perceived susceptibility, including illusion of control which is a distorted phenomenon, the current study attempted to demonstrate the influential relationship between these two important variables and COVID 19 personal preventive behaviors and social distancing practice. Conducting Survey utilizing online pannel from Macromill Embrain, the present study performed regression analysis, setting personal preventive behavioral variables such as mask wearing, hand washing, using hand sanitizer as independent variable, and analyzed how these independent variables influence control illusion and optimistic bias. As a result, COVID 19 personal preventive behavior didn't have direct effect on optimistic bias and control illusion except for hand washing. Finding, also, showed that control illusion affected optimistic bias, and the relation between these variables was different depending on demographic variable such as gender and age.

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2016.03a
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• pp.537-540
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• 2016

유체역학적 추력 방향 제어(Fluidic Thrust Vector Control) 방법 중 하나인 동축류 제어 유동 분사를 이용한 추력 방향 제어(Co-flow Thrust Vector Control)의 작동 특성에 대해서 연구하였다. 이 제어 방법은 점성 유동이 벽면에 부착되어 흐르는 코안다 효과(Coanda Effect)를 이용하여 주 유동을 편향 시키는 방법으로서 그 편향각은 이러한 제어 유동 노즐 출구의 플랩 형상에 영향을 받는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 연구에서는 출구 플랩 형상을 여러 가지로 바꾸어 가며 주 유동의 전압력 300kPa일 때 제어 유동의 편향각이 포화되는 제어유동의 전압력을 측정하였다. 그 결과 쐐기형 플랩의 각도가 증가할수록 포화 영역에서의 편향각은 증가하며 그 각은 플랩의 각도와 일치한다. 그러나 각도가 증가할수록 제어 유동이 플랩의 벽면을 지나면서 팽창파에 의해 가속되어 충격파을 발생시키게 되고 이 충격파는 주 유동에게까지 전파되어 주 유동 제트의 속도를 감소시킨다.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02b
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• pp.633-638
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 신체상 위협상황에서 대처 전략을 측정할 수 있는 한국판 신체상 대처전략 척도(K-BICSI: The Korean Version of the Body Image Coping Strategy: K-BICSI)를 사용하여 회피 전략을 사용하는 정도에 따라 고회피집단(N=12)과 저 회피집단(N=12)으로 구분하여 실험참가자를 모집하였다. 연구의 목적은 외모 관련 자극이 제시 되었을 때 달라지는 주의편향과 자극 제시 전후의 정서변화를 살펴보는 것이었다. 실험 참가자는 여대생 24명으로, 안구운동 추적장비의 최초 응시방향과 응시시간을 이용해 주의편향을 확인했으며, 정서변화는 VAS로 측정하였다. 분석 결과 고 회피집단은 저 회피집단에 비해 비매력자극에 대한 더 높은 최초응시 경향을 나타냈지만, 매력자극에 대해서는 유의미하게 긴 응시시간을 보였고, 외모관련 지극 제시 전보다 후에 더 유의미하게 정서가 부정적으로 변하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 고 회피집단은 저 회피집단과는 다른 주의 인지기제를 가지고 있으며 외모관련 자극에 정서적으로 민감하게 반응한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

An experimental study is performed to observe the characteristics of the thrust vectoring control (TVC) of the supersonic jet using proportional control valves. It is observed that three different TVC characteristics exist as the nozzle pressure ratio varies. Strong hysteresis phenomena are also observed during the valve control for a certain range of the nozzle pressure ratio. It is also noticed that the secondary chamber pressure is one of the influencing parameters for the TVC. Therefore, a control algorithm utilizing the secondary chamber pressure coefficient as a predictor is applied to achieve the stable TVC avoiding the hysteresis. Consequently, the stable TVC with the maximum deflection angle of about 20-degree has been realized using the proportional control valves.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.113-127
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• 2024

Attention and emotion interact intimately. Anxiety, for example, modifies attentional mechanisms to enhance the processing of threat-related information. But how can it modulate attention? Studies of the emotional Stroop task showed clearly that color naming was interfered with more by negative word distractors than by neutral distractors in anxious participants. However, few studies have investigated in what stage an emotional stimulus biases attention. The present study investigated the locus of interference in the emotional Stroop task by manipulating the SOA (Stimulus Onset Asynchrony) between the word distractor and the color target (0ms, 120ms, or 240ms). Results showed that interference occurred only with 0ms of SOA for anxious participants, whereas for non-anxious participants, there was no interference effect. These results support the view that the attentional mechanism was modulated in early stage of information processing by anxiety.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.145-153
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• 2014

This study examined the linkage between positive cognitive bias and entrepreneurial intention. Self-enhancement, unrealistic optimism, and illusion of control have been collectively referred as positive cognitive bias. We examined the effects of positive cognitive bias on attitudes toward success and failure. And we also examined the effect of attitudes toward success and failure on entrepreneurial intension. This study investigated these relationships using 240 high school students. The result of analysis indicated that the self-enhancement bias and unrealistic optimism bias had positive effects on attitude toward failure, but it had not any effect on attitude toward success. The illusion of control bias has positive effects on attitude toward success, but it had not any effect on attitude toward failure. The attitudes toward success and failure had positive effect on entrepreneurial intension. Then results of this study suggests that the cognitive biases showed a role of antecedents of attitudes toward success and failure. Finally, this study concluded with a discussion of the implications of the research findings and directions for future research.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2023.10a
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• pp.558-562
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• 2023

최근 ChatGPT의 등장으로 텍스트 생성 모델에 대한 관심이 높아지면서, 텍스트 생성 태스크의 성능평가를 위한 지표에 대한 연구가 활발히 이뤄지고 있다. 전통적인 단어 빈도수 기반의 성능 지표는 의미적인 유사도를 고려하지 못하기 때문에, 사전학습 언어모델을 활용한 지표인 BERTScore를 주로 활용해왔다. 하지만 이러한 방법은 사전학습 언어모델이 학습한 데이터에 존재하는 편향으로 인해 공정성에 대한 문제가 우려된다. 이에 따라 한국어 사전학습 언어모델의 편향에 대한 분석 연구가 필요한데, 기존의 한국어 사전학습 언어모델의 편향 분석 연구들은 사회에서 생성되는 다양한 속성 별 편향을 고려하지 못했다는 한계가 있다. 또한 서로 다른 언어를 기반으로 하는 사전학습 언어모델들의 속성 별 편향을 비교 분석하는 연구 또한 미비하였다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 한국어 사전학습 언어모델의 속성 별 편향을 비교 분석하며, 영어 사전학습 언어모델이 갖고 있는 속성 별 편향과 비교 분석하였고, 비교 가능한 데이터셋을 구축하였다. 더불어 한국어 사전학습 언어모델의 종류 및 크기 별 편향 분석을 통해 적합한 모델을 선택할 수 있도록 가이드를 제시한다.