• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1908-1918
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• 2022

Recently, ASEAN is not only a new production base but also a consumer market for Korea, and interest in the utilization of production networks in each region is increasing. In particular, urbanization in ASEAN countries is progressing at a relatively fast pace. Each country is promoting smart city projects combined with ICT to improve outdated basic infrastructure facilities such as housing, transportation, logistics, crime prevention, and disaster prevention. The purpose of this study is to develop a web-based smart city export HUB platform so that companies with excellent domestic smart city solutions can participate in smart city construction through networks with ASEAN countries. These platforms can secure the demand for smart city construction in ASEAN countries, and through the establishment of the Korea-ASEAN public-private network, smart cities planned in ASEAN countries can be promoted more innovative. In addition, it is expected to be positioned as a Global smart city platform model by applying to real cities through collaboration with excellent domestic companies.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.162-162
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• 2020

토양수분은 TDR(Time Domain Reflectometry)이나 Tensiometer 등의 장비를 이용하여 측정을 시행하고 있으나, 이를 위해서는 많은 인력과 경제적 자원이 소비될 뿐만 아니라 시공간적으로 측정할 수 있는 범위에 한계가 있다. 지상 관측의 대안으로 MIRAS(Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis)나 SMAP(Soil Moisture Active Passive), AMSR2(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2) 등의 수동 마이크로파 위성 센서를 이용한 공간 토양수분 관측이 수행되었으나, 낮은 공간 해상도(9~36km)는 지역 규모의 토양수분 분포를 나타내기 충분하지 않고, 높은 불확실성을 내포하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 금강 상류의 용담댐 유역(930.0㎢)을 대상으로 Sentinel-1 C-band SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar) 영상을 이용한 토지 피복 및 토양 속성을 고려한 10m 해상도의 토양수분 산출을 수행하였다. 용담댐 유역은 산림 79.7%, 논 9.0%, 밭 5.4%, 주거지 2.9%의 토지 피복 비율을 가지며 토양은 사양토(66.6%)와 양토(20.9%)가 우세하다. Sentinel-1 C-band SAR 영상은 SeNtinel Application Platform(SNAP)을 이용하여 전처리 후, 후방산란계수로 변환하였다. 토양수분 알고리즘은 TU-Wien change detection algorithm과 Regression model을 활용하였고, 검증을 위한 실측 토양수분 자료는 한국수자원공사(K-water)에서 제공하는 5년(2014~2018)간의 토양수분 관측자료를 이용하였다. 산출된 토양수분은 결정계수(Coefficient of determination, R²) 및 평균제곱근오차(Root Mean Square Error, RMSE)를 이용하여 실측 토양수분과 비교하였다. Sentinel-1 C-band SAR 영상을 이용한 고해상도의 토양수분 산출은 토지 피복 및 토양 속성을 고려한 지역 규모의 공간 토양수분 분포 및 시간적 변화를 표현 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.313-319
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• 2005

This survey was conducted in order to obtain the basic data for desirable consumption habits through investigation and analysis of university students' fast food consumption behaviors. Questionnaires were collected from a total of 374 male and female students living in big or small and medium-sized cities in August, 2004. The contents surveyed were utilization and expenses of fast foods, choice of fast foods, relationship between fast foods and a diet, and characteristics of fast food restaurants. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The ratio of the surveyees varied according to gender, residence, and the size of a city they're living in. For example, males took up 48.66% of the surveyees, while females did 51.34%. The ratio of residents in apartments and stand-alone houses was 54.81% and 45.19% each. 47.33% of the respondents were living in big cities, while 52.67% of them in small and medium-sized cities. 2. 70.1% of the surveyees responded that they are with friends when having fast foods. There was a highly significant difference between male and female in the type of eating companions (p<0.001). The average number of days that they eat fast foods was 1 to 2 times a week, which accounted for 63.7% of the respondents. However, in the case of eating foods, there was no significant differences between two sexes. 3. 64.2% of the surveyees paid more than 20,000 won to buy fast foods for a week, which showed no significant differences between genders. They tend to split a bill, rather than one person pays all. There was a highly significant difference between genders in paying method (p<0.001). 4. 52.1 % of the respondents chose a menu themselves. Their most favored food was chickens (26.5%), which showed a statistically significant difference between genders (p<0.001). 46.8% of them preferred coke as a drink, which had no significant difference between genders. 42.2% of the surveyees had fast foods between lunch and dinner, which also had no significant difference between genders. The most important factor in choosing a menu was its taste (62.8%), which indicated a significant difference between males and females (p<0.05). 5. The preference to fast foods was due to the influence of western culture (36.4%) and eating-out habits (29.1%), which was significantly different between genders (p<0.05). Those who eat fast foods answered they have normal weight and normal body type (49.5%). 24.3% of them were relatively fat with significant difference between genders (p<0.05). 63.4% of the surveyees thought themselves not picky with foods, and there was a significant difference between genders (p<0.05). 78.3% of them mostly preferred franchise restaurants because they are convenient and cheap.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.547-561
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to segment the delivery food market and to develop customized products and services. Methods: This study analyzed 636 responses collected from customers who ordered delivery food. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS program (ver. 25.0) for frequency analysis, χ²-test, one-way analysis of variance, factor analysis, and cluster analysis. Results: Four factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis (safety-orientation, convenience-orientation, taste-orientation, and economy-orientation) to explain the consumers' food-related lifestyles. The results of cluster analysis indicated that the 'low-interest group', 'convenience and economy-oriented group', and 'gourmet and economy-oriented group' should be regarded as the target segments. Characteristic analysis of each cluster showed that lowinterest group had higher rates of married (67.1%) and living with family (85.4%) than other clusters. The convenience and the economy-oriented group had higher rates of living alone (28.9%) than others. The gourmet and the economy-oriented group had a higher percentage of unmarried (62.0%) than the others. In addition, the average age of convenience and economy-oriented group (32.3 years) and gourmet and economy-oriented group (32.5 years) were significantly lower than the safety seeker (40.0 years) (p < 0.001). Difference analysis of the consumption practice according to the cluster, revealed significant differences in the order frequency (p < 0.001), main day to order (p < 0.05), source of information about delivery food (p < 0.001), order method (p < 0.001), and co-consumer (p < 0.01). In addition, the convenience and the economy-oriented group had significantly higher overall satisfaction than the others (p < 0.001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that customer segmentation based on a food-related lifestyle can be used to build a successful marketing strategy. Therefore, restaurant managers and delivery platform operators should consider developing products and services according to the segmentation to maximize customer satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.110-119
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• 2011

Global warming caused by excessive greenhouse gas emission is causing climate change all over the world. In Korea, greenhouse gas emission from residential buildings accounts for about 10% of gross domestic emission. Also, the number of deteriorated multi-family housing complexes is increasing. Therefore, the goal of this research is to establish the bases to manage energy consumption continuously and methodically during MR&R period of multi-family housings. The research process and methodologies are as follows. First, research team collected the data on project characteristics and energy consumption of multi-family housing complexes in Seoul. Second, an ontology-based breakdown structure was established with some primary characteristics affecting the energy consumption, which were selected by statistical analysis. Finally, a predictive model of energy consumption was developed based on the ontology-based breakdown structure, with application of CBR, ANN, MRA and GA. In this research, PASW (Predictive Analytics SoftWare) Statistics 18, Microsoft EXCEL, Protege 4.1 were utilized for data analysis and prediction. In future research, the model will be more continuous and methodical by developing the web-base system. And it has facility manager of government or local government, or multi-family housing complex make a decision with definite references regarding moderate energy consumption.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.54
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• pp.295-319
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• 2003

The study starts from the critical thought on why most of female-headed single-parent families are under poverty regardless of their hard working. The study is to explore the lives of low-income single-parent families as working poor and to develop comprehensive policies for them out of poverty and other social vulnerability, using the concept of social exclusion which has been broadly introduced in the field of social science. Specifically, the study aims to analyse the process of social exclusion of low-income single-parent households, by comparing the differential lives in the economic, social, political aspects among male-headed dual-parent household, female-headed single-parent household, and poor female-headed lone-parent household who is under the public poverty line. The study was based on the secondary data analysis. A total of 3182 samples(the first 2508, the second 235, and the third 439) were included. Using SAS 6.12, frequency, chi-square, means, and ANOVA were utilized for the statistical analysis. Results show that single mothers, on the whole, are vulnerable population in terms of employment, housing stability and income. Also, low-income households of single mothers are more negatively affected by the IMF economic crisis and carry more pessimism on their future. In comparison with male-headed households, single mothers have fewer support from social insurance as well as family resources and higher burdens of additional caring need for the old, the disabled, and the chronically ill. These findings identify the reality in which female-headed households with dependent children are exposed to the overall social vulnerability and thus are easily trapped into the social disadvantaged. finally, the study suggests the development of comprehensive policies and counter-measurements for low-income female-headed families to be the primary member in our society.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.773-798
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• 2012

The study present the findings divide into brand naming, image, positioning. The farms built trust by consumer relationship with the farm brand. The results of the study provide insights for agricultural marketers who intend to design brand stories that align with their produce. This study is a regional case study of the factor analysis which explain residents' satisfaction of the efficient rural development projects under the Block Grants System in Buyeo. This study attempted to proceed the empirical survey of 353 residents who live in one 'town(eup)' and 13 'village(meon)' in Buyeo-gun and analyzed through SPSSWIN. The results of the satisfaction analysis in the local development projects satisfied with the overall average 3.16 and then empirically verified the important factors of the 'cultural and leisure activities', 'learning environment', 'jobs and working conditions', 'transportation'. The factor analysis of 12 variables united into three factors, the first Factors are 'transportation', 'learning environment', 'social welfare', 'cultural and leisure activities', 'Information and Communication', 'Health and Medical Services'. The second factors are 'crimes and accidents', 'environmental management', 'neighbor relations and social participation', and the third factors united into 'income and consumption activities', 'job creation' which imply the economic variables, and 'residential environment' as the common category.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.95-98
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• 2003

전 세계에 위성이동통신 서비스를 제공하고 있는 인마새트 시스템은 해사통신 및 선박의 안전운항을 목적으로 UN산하 국제해사위성기구(INMARSAT: International Maritime Satellite Organization)로 설립되었다. 그 후 기존에 제공하던 해상 위주의 서비스 외에 항공 및 육상 이동통신서비스가 추가되면서 국제이동위성기구(INMARSAT: International Mobile Satellite Organization)라는 이름과 병행하여 사용하여 오다가 최근 민영화되었다. 이에 따라 인마새트는 육상, 해상, 항공서비스를 제공하면서 86개의 회원국으로 운영되어오다가 민영화되면서 이들 회원국은 모두 투자사로 전환되었다. 하지만 기존에 제공하여온 해상조난안전통신 등 공익성을 갖는 기능에 대해서는 향후에도 지속적인 서비스가 제공되도록 별도로 IMSO(International Maritime Satellite Organization)라는 감독기관을 두어 관장하고 있다. 인마새트는 전세계적으로 글로벌 위성이동통신 서비스를 최초로 제공한 이래 아직까지도 해상, 육상, 항공 등 전 분야에 통신서비스를 제공하는 유일한 사업자이다. 더구나 최근 저궤도 위성을 이용한 GMPCS의 성장추세가 예상보다 크게 둔화되면서 상대적으로 비용이 저렴한 정지궤도 위성 시스템인 인마새트 서비스가 더욱 활성화되는 추세이다. 이에 인마새트 서비스를 위한 신형 장비도 추가 개발되고 있으며 서비스 영역이 확장되는 등 그 중요성이 부각됨에 따라 향후 상당기간동안 인마새트 시스템에 부가기능을 추가하면서 재난시 비상연락수단은 물론이고 일상적인 통신수단의 영역까지 확대될 것으로 전망된다.인 방법이다. 활성물질의 생성시간과 가공시간은 불과 수십 $\mu\textrm{s}$ 및 수 sec 에 불과하므로, 1 kton/h 용량의 수산기활성제 제조장치의 환산소비동력은 약 200 kW이고, 장치의 체적은 10~30 ㎥의 공간으로 충분하므로, 소형선박으로 상당면적의 적조피해를 효과적으로 해결할 수 있다.의 특성을 이용하여 워터마크를 삽입한다.송 시스템을 구현될 수 있음을 검증하였다.출량을 비교한 결과 토사 유출 억제효과는 한지형과 나지형잔디들의 혼합형(MixtureIII)과 자생처리구(MixtureV), Italian ryegrass와 자생식물의 혼합형(MixtureIV)등에서 비교적 낮은 수치를 토사유출량을 기록하였다. 이러한 결과는 자생식물들이 비록 초기생육속도는 외래도입초종에 떨어지지만 토사유출의 억제효과면에서는 이들 외래초종에 필적할 수 있음을 나타낸다고 할 수 있겠다.중량이 약 115kg/$m^2$정도로 나타났다.소 들(환경의 의미, 사람의 목적과 지식)보다 미학적 경험에 주는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 모든 사람들에게 비슷한 미학적 경험을 발생시키는 것 이 밝혀졌다. 다시 말하면 모든 사람들은 그들의 문화적인 국적과 사회적 인 직업의 차이, 목적의 차이, 또한 환경의 의미의 차이에 상관없이 아름다 운 경관(High-beauty landscape)을 주거지나 나들이 장소로서 선호했으며, 아름답다고 평가했다. 반면에, 사람들이 갖고 있는 문화의 차이, 직업의 차 이, 목적의 차이, 그리고 환경의 의미의 차이에 따라 경관의 미학적 평가가 달라진 것으로 나타났다.corner$적 의도에 의한 경관구성의 일면을

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.16 no.5 s.72
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• pp.609-619
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• 2004

An investigation was conducted on the activities around Europe in order to solve the problem of the thermal bridging of steel studs, which had caused a significant disadvantage. This study included the following: diminishing the contact area between the studs and the sheathing, lengthening the heat transfer route, replacing the steel web with a less conductive material, and placing foam insulation in locations where the thermal shorts are most critical. Although energy efficiency is usually the focus of such foreign cases because their stud application is mostly limited to low-rise residential buildings, both structural and thermal performance are taken into consideration in this study because these target middle-story buildings. A hybrid stud composed of steel and polymer was also developed. This hybrid stud, which is 150 SL in size, is made of a galvanized steel sheet (SGC58) and a glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) withepoxy bonding. A total of 32 specimens were manufactured. Its parameters comprise two types of connection detail,s: the thickness of steel (1.0mm and 1.2mm) and of the GFRP (4mm-4ply and 6mm-6ply), and the ratio of the length to the depth (L/D = 3, 6, 9, 12). Steel stud specimens with the same conditions were compared to the hybrid stud. The test revealed that in the case of the steel specimen with a thickness of 1.0mm, the maximum load of hybrid studs increased an average of 1.62 times comparedto that of the steel stud. In the case of the steel specimen with a thickness of 1.2mm, on the other hand, the average increase was 1.46times. All specimens showed full composite action until the collapse.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.695-715
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• 2015

The history of Korean Pungsu can be approached from two perspectives. One is through the history of its theoretical formation and evolution, and the other is through the history of its social and cultural formation and evolution. The former, i.e. Pungsu theories, was produced and developed by intellectuals as an elaborate system of cosmic knowledge and logic. The latter, i.e. Pungsu culture, was consumed and adopted by various social groups in their spatial life practices. It was Chinese intellectuals that originally initiated and carried out the production, formation, and development of the fengshui theoretical system. Intellectuals in neighboring countries adapted Chinese fengshui to their local environment, incorporating their own historical and cultural features, and practiced this transformed and indigenized form of geomancy. The evolution of Korean Pungsu can be summarized as having the following five characteristics. First, Koreans accepted fengshui from China, pragmatically adapting it to fit the Korean natural and social environment, and then used it for social discourse on space. Second, Pungsu had a comprehensive and varied influence on Korean culture throughout its different historical periods. Third, combined with social thought led by differing social classes, Korean Pungsu existed as an element of social discourse. Fourth, Koreans' theoretical preferences of fengshui were for the landform method over the liqi (理氣) method. Fifth, the Bibo philosophy was a characteristic feature of Korean Pungsu.