• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.237-242
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• 2012

In order to determine the ecological characteristics of Quercus serrata and Q. aliena, which are potential natural vegetation of riverine in Korea, we cultivated the seedlings of two oak species under light, soil moisture and nutrient gradients from April to October in glasshouse. Then, we measured aboveground, belowground and total plant biomass and analyzed the differences in growth between two oak species. The two oak species showed decreasing growth with lower light intensity, but reduction in growth of Q. aliena was greater than that of Q. serrata. Q. serrata and Q. aliena had a constant growth state under soil moisture gradients, but Q. aliena grew well more than Q. serrata in lower soil moisture gradient. As soil nutrient availability decreased, the growth of Q. aliena was greater than Q. serrata. These results mean that the growth of two oak species is not affected by soil moisture, but the part of growth in Q. serrata may be positively affected in lower soil moisture condition. Also, Q. serrata has strong shade tolerance and the ability to adapt high nutrient condition relative to Q. aliena. Thus, Q. serrata and Q. aliena will be advantageous for the growth in stream ecosystem due to high light availability, but Q. serrata will be distributed near the lowlands by the water environment. Also, because the two oak species need high soil nutrient, it is important to preserve herbaceous vegetation to prevent nutrients that flowed in the streams.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.4
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• pp.530-537
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• 2022

This study was conducted to compare the physical and chemical properties of soils in Quercus acutissima, Q. mongolica, Q. serrata, and Q. variabilis stands. A total of 423 plots (Q. acutissima 72 plots, Q. mongolica 150 plots, Q. serrata 97 plots, and Q. variabilis: 104 plots) were examined to determine the soil properties of A and B horizons throughout the country. The physical and chemical properties of soils were significantly different among the four different Quercus spp. stands. The sand content in both horizons was significantly higher in Q. acutissima stands than in the other three oak stands, whereas the clay content was lowest among the four stands. The soils in Q. mongolica and Q. serrata stands were more acidified than those in Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis stands. The concentrations of organic carbon and total nitrogen in both soil depths were significantly higher in Q. mongolica stands than in Q. serrata, Q. variabilis, and Q. acutissima stands. The content of available phosphorus was significantly higher in Q. mongolica and Q. serrata stands than in Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis stands; whereas the contents of exchangeable potassium, calcium, and magnesium were lower in Q. mongolica and Q. serrata stands than in Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis stands. The cation exchange capacity was highest in Q. mongolica stands, followed by that in Q. serrata, Q. variabilis, and Q. acutissima stands. These data indicate the need to design a nutrient management plan to enhance the low soil pH and exchangeable cation in Q. mongolica and Q. serrata stands.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 1999

본 연구는 치악산국립공원에 위치하는 성황림의 산림군집구조를 분석하기 위해 20개의 조사구를 성황림의 평지림과 사면림에 설정하고 조사하였다. 성황림의 산림군집은 졸참나무 - 복자기나무군집과 고로쇠나무 - 층층나무군집으로 분리되었다. 평지림의 졸참나무군집으로 분리되었다. 평지림의 졸참나무 - 복자기나무군집으로 복자기나무 - 졸참나무군집으로 천이가 진행될 것이라 판단되며, 사면림의 고로쇠나무 - 층층나무군집으로 그대로 유지될 것으로 예측된다. 수종간의 상관관계에서는 느릅나무와 으름덩굴.복자기나무.줄딸기, 복자기나무와 으름덩굴, 회잎나무와 졸참나무, 참회나무와 국수나무 등의 수종들 간에는 아주 높은 정의 상관관계를 보여 동질적인 지위(niche)를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 산뽕나무와 쪽동백나무, 복자기나무와 쪽동백나무.당단풍 등의 수종들 간에는 비교적 높은 부의 상관관계를 보여 이질적인 지위를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 본 조사지의 종다양도는 1.2303~1.2741로 높은 종다양성을 보였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.332-333
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• 2003

졸참나무와 상수리나무를 대상으로 계절에 따른 지역(금성산, 지리산 지역)별 이소프렌 배출특성이 비교되었다. 여름철의 지역적 차이는 졸참나무의 경우 다소 약하게 나타났으며, 상수리나무의 경우에는 거의 비슷하게 나타났다. 그러나, 가을철 졸참나무의 경우에는 금성산 지역이 지리산 지역보다 높은 배출속도를 보이는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 지역적 차이가 나타난 것은 성장조건, 기후, 토질 등의 요인이 이소프렌 배출특성에 영향을 주었기 때문인 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1092-1101
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• 2014

In this study, the distribution patterns of Quercus mongolica and Q. serrata in Korea were investigated, and the possibility of introgressive hybridization and gene flow between Q. mongolica and Q. serrata in Mt. Seorak was inferred by flavonoid analyses. The most critical factor in the vertical and horizontal distribution patterns of Q. mongolica and Q. serrata was the temperature, in accordance with latitude and altitude. The species showed a zonal distribution, with a Q. mongolica zone in the upper area and a Q. serrata zone in the lower area. In Mt. Seorak, Central Korea, the range of the vertical distribution of Q. mongolica was generally above an altitude of 100 m, whereas that of Q. serrata was an altitude of 0-400 m (-500) and rarely above an altitude of 500 m. However, in Mt. Jiri, Southern Korea, Q. serrata was found up to an altitude of 1,000~1,200 m, whereas the frequency of Q. mongolica was reduced at lower elevations and the species was rare below an altitude of 300 m, although pure stands were found on higher mountain slopes above an altitude of 1,200 m. The altitudinal distribution of the two species overlapped, where the two species occurred together. The leaf flavonoid constituents of thirty-four individuals of Q. mongolica and Q. serrata in Mt. Seorak and Mt. Jiri, Korea were examined. Twenty-four flavonoid compounds were isolated and identified. These were glycosylated derivatives of flavonols kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, myricetin. Five compounds among the flavonoid compounds were acylated. Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, and its acylated compounds were major constituents and present in all individuals. Quercus mongolica is distinguished from Q. serrata by the presence of quercetin 3-O-arabinosylglucoside, a high concentration of three acylated compounds (kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, and quercetin 3-O-galactoside), and a relatively low concentration or lack of rhamnosyl flavonol compounds. Intraspecific variations, however, were found in the flavonoid profiles of Q. mongolica and Q. serrata, and the flavonoid profiles of individuals belonging to the two species in a hybrid zone (sympatric zone) tended to be similar, qualitatively and quantitatively. These findings strongly suggest that gene exchange or gene flow occurs through introgressive hybridization between Q. mongolica and Q. serrata in Mt. Seorak.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.369-380
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• 2013

This study was carried out to provide basic data for conservation management of Pinus densiflora forest and to predict ecological succession tendency by analyzing plant community structure and change of Pinus densiflora community structure for twenty two years in Yongmun-sa (Temple) Valley, Yangpyeong-gun. According to the analysis of actual vegetation, Pinus densiflora community accounted for 51.3% of the total vegetation in the area. Nineteen plots were classified into four community types. The Shannon's species diversity index (H') showed from 0.5110 to 1.3101. There were distributed Pinus densiflora in age from 48 to 89, Quercus serrata in age from 31 to 63, Carpinus laxiflora in age from 26 to 61. According to the analysis of the change for twenty-two years, Pinus densiflora community was maintained or decreased and competitive species (Quercus serrata, Carpinus laxiflora, Carpinus cordata) were increased. The ecological succession tendency was predicted Pinus densiflora community develop into Quercus serrata, lastly into Carpinus laxiflora and Carpinus cordata.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2002

Dwarf bamboo(Sasa borealis) is a dominant understory species in the various forest types in Korea. The objective of this study was to investigate vegetation structure of Sasa borealis and effects of Sasa on the growth of overstory tree species along the forest development after clearcutting. Three representative stand types with and without S. borealis in Baekwoonsan, Chonnam province were selected in 1998 for this study: uncutting stands(natural deciduous forests with overstory vegetation), 1987-cutting stands (11 years after clearcutting), and 1993-cutting stands(5 years after clearcuting). Vegetation type was largely classified into Sasa borealis dominant type and Sasa borealis recessive or absent type. The former composed of four associations including Quercus serrata-Carpinus laxiflora / Sasa borealis community, Cornus controversa-Morus bombysis / Sasa borealis community, Styrax japonica-Styrax obassia / Sasa borealis association, Zelkova serrata / Sasa borealis community. The latter divided into six associations including Quercus serrata / Lindera erythrocarpa community, Cornus controversa / Lindera erythrocarpa community, Quercus serrata / Acer pseudosieboldianum / Deutzia glabrata community, Fraxinus rhynchophylla-Quercus serrata / Lindera erythrocarpa / Euonymus alataus community, Rubus crataegifolius-Hydrangea macrophylla community, Rubus crataegifolius-Lespedeza bicolor community. Distribution of Sasa, borealis by developmental stages of forests showed that in natural stands was dominant understory, but was various pattern in two cutting stands. Mean annual ring growth of Quercus serrata and Carpinus laxiflora during the last 35 years had not been affected by presence of Sasa, based on comparisons in annual ring growth between Sasa-present and Sasa-absent stands. In conclusion, dense crown of Sasa borealis suppressed the invasion of other shrubs or annuals and facilitated later stages of plant succession by promoting growth of shade-tolerant tree species after clear cutting.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2000

지리산국립공원의 장터목을 중심으로 남향사면인 중산리-장터목지역과 북향사면인 가내소폭포-장터목지역을 대상으로 사면방향과 해발고에 따른 교목츠의 산림구조를 조사분석하였다 북향사면은 남향사면에 비하여 교목층의 밀도 흉고단면적 종다양도가 높은경향을 보였다 특수한 지형인 주능선부에 위치하는 정부를 제외하면 해발고가 ？아짐에 따라 교목층 전체의 평균 흉고직경과 흉고단면적은 북혀 사면에서는 감소하는 반면 남향사면에서는 증가하는 경향을 보였다 종수, 종다양도, 균재도는 남향사면과 북향사면 모두 해발고가 높아짐에 따라 감소하였다 남향사면과 북향사면에서 모두 해발고가 증가함에 따락 중요치가 높아지는 수종은 구상나무 철쭉꽃 등이었으며 중요치가 감소하는 수종은 졸참나무 서어나무 생강나무 등이었다 cluster 분석결과 남향사면 하부의 졸참나무-활엽수군집 남향사면 중부와 북향사면 하부의신갈나무-전나무군집 남향사면 상부와 북향사면 상중부의 구상나무-활엽수군집 정부의 구상나무군집 등 4개 유형의 군집으로 구분되었다. 졸참나무 산뽕나무 비목나무 고로쇠나무 서어나무 다릅나무 등의 수종간에는 유의적인 정의 상관이 있어으며 구상나무와 사닥나무는 노각나무와 유의적인 부의 상관이 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 1990

A survey of Popju Temple district. was conducted using 70 sample plots of 500$m^2$ size. The classification by TWINSPAN and DCA ordination were applied to the study area in order to classify them into several groups based on woody plants and environmental variables. By both techniques. the plant com-munity were divided into six groups by the altitude and soil moisture. The successional trends of tree species seem to be from Pinus densiflora, Sorbus alnifolia through Quercus serrata to Carpinus laxiflora and from P. densiflora, Fraxinus sieboldiana through Q. mongolica in the canopy layer, and from Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Rhus trichocarpa, Zanthoxylum schnifolium through Rhododendron mucronulatum, Corylus sieboldiana, Lindera obtusiloba, Magnclia sieboldii to Euonymus sieboldianus in the understory and shrub layer. The species diversity of the plant community in the burnt plot was decreased by the forest fire but the importance values of Quercus species were increased in above plot.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.574-587
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• 2014

In this study, vertical distribution patterns of Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. and Q. serrata Murray in Korea were recognized and possibility of introgressive hybridization and gene flow between Q. mongolica and Q. serrata in Mt. Jiri was inferred by flavonoid analyses. The most critical factor on distribution patterns was the altitude in accordance with temperature condition. A zonal distribution was recognized: Quercus mongolica zone in the upper area and Q. serrata zone in the lower area. In Central Korea, the range of vertical distribution of Q. mongolica was above alt. 100m, almost everywhere, whereas that of Q. serrata was from alt. 0 m to alt. 500(-700) m, and the species is rare above that altitude. But in Southern Korea, Q. serrata is found up to above alt. 1,000 m, whereas frequency of Q. mongolica reduces as elevation in decline and the species is rare below alt. 300 m, even though pure stands being formed on higher mountain slope. Altitudinal distribution of the two species, however, overlaps, where the two species occur together. Thirty-seven individuals of Q. mongolica and Q. serrata in Mt. Jiri and other area were examined for leaf flavonoid constituents. Twenty-three flavonoid compounds were isolated and identified; they were glycosylated derivatives of the flavonols kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, myricetin, and four compounds among the flavonoid compounds were acylated. Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-galactoside and its acylated compounds were major constituents and present in all individuals. Quercus mongolica is distinguished from Q. serrata by the presence of quercetin 3-O-arabinosylglucoside and by high concentration of three acylated compounds, acylated kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, and by relatively low concentration or lacking of rhamnosyl flavonol compounds. There are intraspecific variations in flavonoid profiles for Q. mongolica and Q. serrata, the flavonoid profiles for individuals of two species in hybrid zone (sympatric zone) tend to be similar to each other, qualitatively and quantitatively. These findings strongly suggest that gene exchange or gene flow occurs through the introgressive hybridization between Q. mongolica and Q. serrata in Mt. Jiri. Therefore, Quercus crispula, occupying morphologically intermediate position between Q. mongolica and Q. serrata, is suspected of being a hybrid taxon of two putative parental species.