• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.1270-1278
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• 2010

Dietary effects of chicken treated with Hwangki-Beni Koji sauces (HBS) on serum and hepatic lipid profiles in rats fed high a fat and high cholesterol diet were investigated. Experimental plots (5 rats per each group) were divided into normal control diet group (NC), high fat and high cholesterol diet group (HFC), HFC plus 15% base sauce treated chicken supplemented diet group (HFC-BS), HFC plus 15% HBS-treated chicken supplemented diet group (HFC-HBS), and fed for 5 weeks. Feed intakes in HFC-HBS group were higher than those of HFC and HFC-BS groups, whereas body weight gain and feed efficiency ratio of the HFC-HBS group were lower than those of the HFC and HFC-BS groups. Serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities of HFC-HBS group were significantly lower than those of HFC and HFC-BS groups. Level of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in HFC-HBS group were 34.06%, 6.28% and 31.00% lower than those of HFC-BS group, respectively, whereas HDL-cholesterol level and atherogenic index in HFC-HBS group were 1.72-fold higher and 2.52-fold lower, respectively, than those of HFC-BS group. Level of hepatic total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol in HFC-HBS group were 9.53%, 5.25% and 22.20% lower than those of HFC-BS group, respectively. In the morphological results of liver, the hepatocytes of central vein lesion and intact hepatic cell plate are preserved well from steatosis in HFC-HBS group, whereas the hepatocytes in HFC and HFC-BS groups are distended by accumulation of multiple fat droplets, and sinusoids are occluded. In the above results, we expected that chicken treated with Hwangki-Beni Koji sauce may have functionalities of anti-obesity, anti-cholesterol and also, lowering anti-atherogenic index in high fat and high cholesterol diets.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.237-249
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• 2016

In this study, the antioxidant effect of Chungkukjang supplementation against memory impairment and oxidative stress in scopolamine (2 mg/kg i.p)-injected mice was investigated. The experimental animals were divided into five groups and fed experimental diets for 12 weeks; normal diet group (C), scopolamine + normal diet group (S), scopolamine + 63.0% soybean Chungkukjang supplementation group (SS), scopolamine + 45.0% Yakkong Chungkukjang supplementation group (SY), and scopolamine + 50.0% black foods such as black rice, black sesame seeds, and sea tangle added Yakkong Chungkukjang group (SYB). For the results of food intake, body weight gain, and brain weights, levels of scopolamine-injected groups were lower than the levels of the control group. The reduced brain weight of the scopolamine-injected group (S) was regulated to control level by supplementation of three types Chungkukjang. In the oxidative stress indicator, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels in serum of scopolamine-injected mice were higher than those of other groups. However, supplementation of soybeans, Yakkong and black foods added Yakkong Chungkukjang was proven to regulate them. Antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in serum showed no significant differences among the groups. The reduced levels of vitamin A and vitamin E in serum and brain tissue of scopolamine-injected mice were controlled by supplementation of three types of Chungkukjang. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of scopolamine-injected group was lower than those of other groups. However, TAC was significantly elevated by Chunggukjang supplementation. Therefore, antioxidative effects of soybeans, Yakkong, and black foods added Yakkong Chungkukjang supplementations against oxidative stress in scopolamine-injected in mice could expected.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.282-289
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Makgeolli and Makgeolli precipitate on hepatotoxity and the serum lipid content in rats. First, we investigated the effect of Makgeolli and ethanol on the progress of alcoholic fatty liver. The effect of Makgeolli precipitate on carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced hepatotoxicity in the rats was then studied. Indicators of the health status of the experimental period, the body weight gain in ethanol-treated group tended to be lower than those in the control and the Makgeolli-treated groups. The weight of the liver tissue decreased significantly following the administration of ethanol. However, this was not seen following the administration of Makgeolli. The activities of serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were decreased in the Makgeolli group compared to the ethanol group. Serum cholesterol concentrations increased in the ethanol group, but decreased in the Makgeolli-treated group to an equal volume of the ethanol-treated group. The serum HDL-cholesterol content was significantly higher in the Makgeolli group than in the ethanol group. Analysis of the impact of the Makgeolli precipitate on toxicity induced by $CCl_4$ in the liver showed that the $CCl_4$ treatment significantly increased the activities of serum ALT and AST. However, the levels of cholesterol and triglyceride in serum were decreased. The $CCl_4$ treatment increased the activities of AST and ALT. However, the raw Makgeolli precipitate decreased their activities. Moreover, raw Makgeolli precipitate significantly reduced the $CCl_4$-induced elevation of serum lipids more than heated Makgeolli precipitate. These results suggest that raw Makgeolli precipitate may exert a protective effect against $CCl_4$-induced liver injury by preventing lipid peroxidation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.68-81
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• 1986

This experiment was conducted to find out the effects of the six different feeding methods on the development of body weight, testis, comb and pituitary gland, and the sexual maturity of White Plymouth Rock cockerels. From hatching to 22 weeks of age, the weights of whole body, testis, comb and pituitary gland, and the histological changes of testis and the semen characteristics were checked every other week. The results obtained in this expeniment were as follows: 1. The growth rates of the self-feeding groups were faster than those of the limited feeding groups (70 percent of the self-feeding) by about 2 weeks. The weights of testis and comb showed the most marked increase at 20 weeks of age in the self-feeding groups and at 22 weeks of age in the limited feeding groups, respectively. 2. The weights of pituitary gland from hatching to 22 weeks of age at all observation weeks were not recognized significantly among the compared groups except 4, 14 and 16 weeks of age. 3. Correlations between week of age, body weight, testis, comb and pituitary gland, in the course of 22 weeks, were highly significant. 4. The diameters of lumina and tubules in the seminiferous tubules increased very slowly until 10 weeks of age. They showed the most marked increase at 12 weeks of age in the self-feeding groups and at 14 weeks of age in the limited feeding groups, and then continueously increased until 22 weeks of age. 5. Primary spermatocytes appeared at first at 8 weeks in the all treatment groups. Secondary spermatocytes appeared at first at 10 weeks in the self-feeding groups and at 12 weeks in the limited feeding groups. At 14 weeks of age spermatids and spermatozoa were found at first in the self-feeding groups but spermatids were found in the limited feeding groups. 6. Age of the first ejaculation was between 14 and 16 weeks of age in the all treatment groups. The average semen volume and sperm concentration ranged from $0.1{\sim}0.2m{\ell}/ejaculate$ and $5.6{\sim}9.8{\times}10^8sperm/m{\ell}$ at the age of the first ejaculation but $0.30{\sim}0.35m{\ell}/ejaculate$ and $22.4{\sim}42.7{\times}10^8sperm/m{\ell}$ at the 20 weeks of age in the all treatment groups.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.143-154
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was investigated the quality changes before and after harvesting, storage and, processing of onion. Experiments were carried out to compare the effect on the characteristics of the postharvest from preharvest factors using onion. This experiment had identified the characteristics of harvested onions after cultivating with several preharvest factors such as the light and water conditions. These tests were conducted in an onion growth in the field, storage, and processing of fresh-cut during a laboratory periods of 2 years. In first year, onion cultivars ('Kars' and 'Pop') were produced under stable or unstable environment conditions, these onions were stored at low temperature(0?). Measurement was evaluated by the growth amount after harvesting, and the fresh weight loss and respiration rate during storage. According to different culture conditions and storage temperatures, it was investigated the properties of the fresh-cut onion. Growth of onion was varied depending on the cultivars and culture conditions. The amount of growth on 'Kars' and 'Pop' onions were decreased by excessive soil water conditions with shading. These influences were found the morphological differences resulting for the cell tissue of onion being rough and large. Onion cultivated in excessive soil water with shading affected the degree of its respiration rate and fresh weight loss during storage. Ones in excessive soil water with shading were higher than the control in fresh weight loss and respiration rate, respectively. However fresh-cut onion could not investigated to clarify the difference due to effects of cultivation condition and storage temperature on some measure items such as electrolyte leakage and microbial number change. There was a change of only electrolyte leakage depending on the storage temperature, rather than cultivated conditions before harvesting factor. The results showed that the onion grown on in the good environment was represented to a good quality produce even after harvesting.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between cord blood adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and their effect on fetal growth and insulin resistance in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: Cord blood adiponectin and IGF-I were compared between mothers with GDM (GDM group, N=53) and controls (non-GDM group, N=101). Neonates were classified into three groups of small for gestational age (SGA, N=26), appropriate for gestational age (AGA, N=97), and large for gestational age (LGA, N=31) by birth weight. The association between cord adiponectin and IGF-I levels was evaluated in relation to maternal and neonatal clinical data. Results: Cord adiponectin was lower in the GDM group than in the non-GDM group (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in cord adiponectin among the SGA, AGA, and LGA groups in the GDM group (P=0.228). The cord adiponectin of AGA in the GDM group was significantly lower than that in the non-GDM group (P<0.001). The most powerful predictor affecting cord adiponectin was the result of maternal 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. The cord IGF-I values between the GDM group and the non-GDM group were not different (P=0.834). Neonates with the heavier birth weight had the higher cord IGF-I levels. The most powerful predictor affecting cord IGF-I was birth weight and the next was maternal parity. Conclusion: Both cord blood adiponectin and IGF-I were associated with fetal growth, but IGF-I was a more general and direct factor affecting fetal body size, and adiponectin seemed to have more association with insulin sensitivity than growth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 1989

To estimate the nutritional values and the optimum cooking method of the Cow's rumen-reticulum (tripe) which is a Korean traditional food, the nutrients of raw tissue of tripes, the changes in total N, ${\alpha}-amino$ N, calcium and phosphorus contents and nucleotides and their related compounds contents in soup stock prepared of tripe tissues according to various boiling time period with saucepot or pressure cooker and various ratios of the water to the tripe (wt/wt) were measured. No significant difference was observed in nutrients contents between rumen (1st stomach) and reticulum (2nd stomach) which contained 83% moisture, 0.4-0.5% ash, 3% fat, 13% protein, 50-56 mg% calcium, 75-76 mg% phosphorus. 75-77 mg% ${\alpha}-amino$ N on fresh weight basis. The results obtained show that the significant loss of nutrients observed after removing epitherial cell layer from tripe, and in aspect of the nutrients contents, the nucletides contents, and the sensory evaluation score in soup stock, the optimum cooking time period of tripe was 8 hours in boiling in saucepot and 1 or 2 hours in cooking in pressure cooker, and the ratio of the water to the tripe (wt/wt) was above ten.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.297-303
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• 2008

Naringin, major citrus flavonoids, has been identified to exert antioxidative, antidiabetic, and lipid lowering effects. In this study, we examined the effect of 0.2 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg naringin supplementation for 3 times/week for 5 weeks on lipid metabolism and antithrombotic capacity in rat. Eighteen five week-old Sprague Dawley(SD) female rats, which had initial body weights of $246{\pm}9g$, were randomly divided into three groups: Control (non naringin group); Low (0.2 g/kg naringin-supplemented group); High (0.5 g/kg naringin-supplemented group). Three groups of rats were supplemented with three experimental diets for 5 weeks and we investigated antithrombotic capacity before sacrifice. Naringin did not significantly alter the body weight gain, relative organ weight. However, the level of serum triglyceride, serum free fatty acid, serum total lipid and serum glucose levels were significantly lowered compared to those of control. The high group (0.5 g/kg naringin-supplemented group) was showed significantly increased bleeding time compared to control group. These results suggest that naringin supplemental diets reduces the level of hypertension, glycosuria and fatness on the female SD rats, when orally administered below the dosage 0.5 g/kg for 5 weeks.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 1996

Radioiodine($^{131}I$) has been used for the treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism since the late 1940's and is now generally regarded as the treatment of choice for Graves' hyperthyroidism who does not remit following a course of antithyroid drugs. But for the dose given, several different protocols have been described by different centers, each attempting to reduce the incidence of long-term hypothyroidism while maintaining an acceptable rate control of Graves' hyperthyroidism. Our goals were to evaluate effective half-life and predict absorbed dose in Graves' hyperthyroidism patients, therefore, to calculate and readminister radioiodine activity needed to achieve aimed radiation dose. Our data showed that the mean effective $^{131}I$ half-life for Graves' disease is 5.3 days(S.D=0.88) and mean biologic half-life is 21 days, range 9.5-67.2 days. The mean admininistered activity and the mean values of absorbed doses were 532 MBq(S.D.=254), 112 Gy (S.D.=50.9), respectively. The mean activity needed to achieve aimed radiation dose were 51MBq and marked differences of $^{131}I$ thyroidal uptake between tracer and therapy ocurred in our study. We are sure that the dose calculation method that uses 5 days thyroidal $^{131}I$ uptake measurements after tracer and therapy dose, provides sufficient data about the effective half-life and absorbed dose of $^{131}I$ in the thyroid and predict the effectiveness of $^{131}I$ treatment in Graves' hyperthyroidism.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 1973

Plankton samples used for the present study were collected by the NORPAC net during the CSK cruises in the Korean waters in March and August, 1967. Regional and seasonal variations in the zooplankton biomass (wet weight, mg/㎥) were noticed in the Korean waters. In March the highest biomass, 130mg/㎥ on the average, occurred in the southern part of Japan Sea, but the lowest biomass of less than 50mg/㎥ occurred in the Yellow Sea and the western sea of Cheju Island Contrally, in August, the average biomass of 120mg/㎥ was measured in the Yellow Sea, the western sea of Cheju Island and the coastal waters of southern Korea, while the biomass of Japan Sea was the lowest of the regions surveyed. In comparison with the zooplankton biomass, total number of zooplankton per cubic meter of water strained also showed regional and seasonal fluctuations. In general, variations in the number of zooplankton specimens follows the same trend as in the biomass. The largest number, up to 800mg/㎥ on the average, occurred in the southern part of Japan Sea in March and the lowest number, less than 200mg/㎥ occurred in the Yellow Sea and the western sea of Cheju Island. In August, as shown by the biomass fluctuations, the largest number of zooplankton 850mg/㎥ on the average occurred in the Yellow Sea, the western sea of Cheju Island and the coastal region of southern Korea. But the lowest number of less than 500mg/㎥ was found in the Japan Sea. Among the various groups of zooplankton examined, the following were dominant components of the zooplankton population: Copepoda, Chaetognatha, Siphonophora, Euphausiacea, Cladocera, Appendicularia, and Amphipoda. The zooplankton conposition was significantly differed between the Japan Sea and Yellow Sea. Copepods which usually occupied over 66% in the Japan Sea and thd Korean Strait samples occupied only 42% of the catches in August, while cladocerans and chaetognaths were relatively abundant, i. e., 15 and 18% of the total organisms. The most dominant species of copepods and chaetognaths were Paracalanus parvus, Oithona similis, Acartia clausi, Calanus helgolandicus, Sagitta enflata, S. bedoti, S. elegans and S. crassa.