Journal of Life Science (생명과학회지)

Korean Society of Life Science (한국생명과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Makgeolli and Makgeolli precipitate on Hepatotoxicity and Serum Lipid Content in Rats

막걸리와 막걸리 침전물이 간 독성 및 혈청 지질함량에 미치는 영향

  • 김보경 (신라대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 강민숙 (신라대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 전명정 (신라대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이상현 (신라대학교 제약공학과) ;
  • 김미향 (신라대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2013.01.23
  • Accepted : 2013.02.01
  • Published : 2013.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Makgeolli and Makgeolli precipitate on hepatotoxity and the serum lipid content in rats. First, we investigated the effect of Makgeolli and ethanol on the progress of alcoholic fatty liver. The effect of Makgeolli precipitate on carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced hepatotoxicity in the rats was then studied. Indicators of the health status of the experimental period, the body weight gain in ethanol-treated group tended to be lower than those in the control and the Makgeolli-treated groups. The weight of the liver tissue decreased significantly following the administration of ethanol. However, this was not seen following the administration of Makgeolli. The activities of serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were decreased in the Makgeolli group compared to the ethanol group. Serum cholesterol concentrations increased in the ethanol group, but decreased in the Makgeolli-treated group to an equal volume of the ethanol-treated group. The serum HDL-cholesterol content was significantly higher in the Makgeolli group than in the ethanol group. Analysis of the impact of the Makgeolli precipitate on toxicity induced by $CCl_4$ in the liver showed that the $CCl_4$ treatment significantly increased the activities of serum ALT and AST. However, the levels of cholesterol and triglyceride in serum were decreased. The $CCl_4$ treatment increased the activities of AST and ALT. However, the raw Makgeolli precipitate decreased their activities. Moreover, raw Makgeolli precipitate significantly reduced the $CCl_4$-induced elevation of serum lipids more than heated Makgeolli precipitate. These results suggest that raw Makgeolli precipitate may exert a protective effect against $CCl_4$-induced liver injury by preventing lipid peroxidation.

본 연구에서는 막걸리 원액의 간 조직에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 에탄올을 대조군으로 하여 막걸리를 투여한 실험동물의 간 지표 효소 활성을 비교 분석하였고, 다음으로 실험동물에 사염화탄소로 간 손상을 일으킨 후 알코올 이외의 성분에 의한 막걸리 효능을 검토하기 위해 알코올 성분을 제거하고 얻은 침전물을 투여하여 혈청 중의 효소활성 및 지질농도분석을 통하여 간 손상에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 실험기간 중의 건강상태를 나타내는 지표라 할 수 있는 실험 동물의 체중 증가량은 에탄올 투여군은 대조군 및 막걸리 투여군에 비하여 전체적으로 낮게 나타났다. 한편 장기 무게에서는 간 조직의 중량이 에탄올 투여에 의해 유의적으로 감소하는 결과가 나타났으나 막걸리 투여에 의한 감소는 보이지 않았다. 혈청 AST 및 ALT의 경우 막걸리 투여에 의해 오히려 그 활성이 감소하였으나, 에탄올 투여에 의해 그 활성이 증가하여 알코올 자체가 간 조직의 병변에 영향을 준 것으로 추측된다. 혈중 콜레스테롤 함량은 에탄올 투여군에서 혈중 콜레스테롤 함량이 증가하였고, 막걸리 투여군인 MG3군은 동량의 에탄올 투여군에 비해서 콜레스테롤 함량이 감소하는 결과가 나타나, 막걸리 중의 알코올 이외의 성분에 의해 콜레스테롤 증가를 감소시켰음을 알 수 있었다. 혈청 중 HDL-cholesterol 함량은 막걸리 투여로 인해 유의적으로 증가하여 막걸리가 혈중 HDL-chloesterol을 상승시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 사염화탄소에 의해 유도된 간 독성에 막걸리 침전물이 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 정상군의 AST 및 ALT활성에 비해 사염화탄소에 의하여 간 독성이 유발된 $CCl_4$군의 혈중 AST 활성이 증가되었고, 생막걸리 침전물을 투여한 경우, AST 및 ALT 활성이 정상군의 수준까지 회복되지는 못하였으나, 사염화탄소 투여군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하는 결과가 나타났다. 사염화탄소 투여에 의해 증가한 혈중 콜레스테롤 함량은 생막걸리 침전물 투여에 의해 정상군 수준으로 감소하였으나, 가열막걸리의 침전물을 투여한 경우 정상군 수준으로 회복되지 못하였다. HDL-cholesterol은 생막걸리 침전물 투여에 의해 사염화탄소 투여군 보다 증가하였다. 중성지질의 경우 사염화탄소 투여에 의해 증가되었으나 생막걸리 침전물 투여로 인해 감소하였다. 이상의 연구 결과 사염화탄소 투여로 상승된 혈청 지질은 막걸리 침전물을 투여한 경우 저하되었으며, 특히 가열막걸리보다 생막걸리 침전물을 투여했을 때 지질대사 개선효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Adeneye, A. A. and Benebo, A. S. 2007. Oral metformin-ascorbic acid co-administration ameliorates alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Nig Q J Hosp Med 17, 155-159.
  2. Anita, K. C. and James, R. T. 1989. Interaction of hypoxia and carbon tetrachloride toxicity in hepatocyte monolayers. Exp Mol Pathol 50, 183-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4800(89)90029-4
  3. Choi, Y. S., Chung, K. H and Cho, S. H. 1987. Effects of alcohol consumption and fat content in diet on growth hepatic function and biochemical indices of blood in rat. Korean J Nutr 20, 432-441.
  4. Chung, J. H. 1967. Studies on the identification of organic acids and sugars in the fermented mash of the takju made from different raw materials. J Korean Agr Chem Soc 8, 39-43.
  5. Cunnane, S. C., Manku, M. S. and Horrobin, D. F. 1985. Effects of ethanol on liver triglycerides and fatty acids in the Syrian Golden hamster. Ann Nutr Metab 29, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1159/000176977
  6. Cohen, J. A. and Kaplan, M. M. 1979. The SGOT/SGPT ratio- an indicator of alcoholic liver disease. Dig Dis Sci 24, 835-838. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01324898
  7. Dinman, B. D., Hamdin, E. A., Fox, C. F. and Frajola, W. J. 1963. $CCl_4$ toxicity. III. Hepatostructural and enzyme change. Arch Environ Health 7, 630-646. https://doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1963.10663595
  8. Faremi, T. Y., Suru, S. M., Fafunso, M. A. and Obioha, U. E. 2008. Hepatoprotective potentials of Phyllanthusamarus against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 46, 2658-2664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.022
  9. Fedirko, V., Tramacere, I., Bagnardi V., Rota, M. Scotti, L., Islami, F., Negri, E., Straif, K., Romieu, I., La Vecchia, C., Boffetta, P. and Jenab, M. 2011. Alcohol drinking and colorectal cancer risk: an overall and dose-response meta-analysis of published studies. Annals Oncology 22, 1958-1972. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdq653
  10. Figueroa, P. B. and Klitz, A. P. 1962. Alterations of alcohol dehydrogenase and other enzyme following oral alcohol intoxication. Am J Clin Nutr 11, 235-239.
  11. Glueck, C. J., Hogg, E., Allen, C. and Gartside, P. S. 1980. Effects of alcohol ingestion on lipids and lipoprotein in normal man. Am. J Clin Nutr 33, 2287-2293.
  12. Gopumadhavan, S., Rafiq, M., Azeemuddin, M. and Mitra, S. K. 2008. Ameliorative effect of Partysmart in rat model of alcoholic liver disease. Indian J Exp Biol 46, 132-137.
  13. Ha, T. Y., Cho, I. J. and Lee, H. Y. 2001. Effect of Cassia tora ethanol extracts in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats. Korean J Food Sci Technol 33, 789-794.
  14. Han, E. H., Lee, T. S., Noh, B. S. and Lee, D. S. 1997. Quality characteristics in mash of takju prepared by using different nuruks during fermentation. Korean J Food Sci Technol 29, 555-562.
  15. Han, E. H., Lee, T. S., Noh, B. S. and Lee, D. S. 1996. Volatile flavor components in mash of takju prepared by using different nuruks. Korean J Food Sci Technol 29, 563-570.
  16. Horvath, T. E., Javor, K. T. and Klinger, W. 1987. Effects allopurinol, (+)-cyanidanol-3 and dihydroquinoline-type antioxidants on rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome p-450 and monooxygenases. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 25, 201-203.
  17. Jin, Y. X., Yoo, Y. S., Han, E. K., Kang, I. J., and Chung, C. K. 2008. Artemisia capillaris and Paecilomyces japonica stimulate lipid metabolism and reduce hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 37, 548-554. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.5.548
  18. Junqueira, V. B. C., Simiz, K., Videla, L. A. and Barros, S. B. 1996. Dose dependent study of the effects of acute lindamce administration on rat liver superoxide anion production antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation. Toxicology 41, 193-204.
  19. Kim, E. K. 2008. (A) study on the association of risky drinking with type of alcoholic beverage preference: compared with alcohol use disorder and high risk drinking for acute problems. M.S. Thesis, the graduate school of public health of Yonsei University, Korea.
  20. Kim, J., Nam, K. S. and Noh, S. K. 2012. Cherry silverberry (Elaeagnus multiflora) wine mitigates the development of alcoholic fatty liver in rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 41, 57-64. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.1.057
  21. Kim, J. J. 2010. Preventive effects of Daekumeumja on fatty degeneration of liver and immunosuppression induced by alcohol. Ph.D. dissertation, Daegu Hanny University
  22. Kim, J. S. 2009. Analysis on demand for alcoholic drinks and alcoholic tax effect. M.S. Thesis, the graduate school of Catholic University of Daegu, Korea.
  23. Kim, K. H. and Han, H. K. 1998. The effect of mushroom extracts on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxidity in rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 27, 326-332.
  24. Kim, S. J. 1997. Preparation of some medicinal herb liquors and their effects on the liver of rats. M.S. Thesis, Hallym Univ., Korea
  25. Kim, S. M., Yoon, C. H. and Cho, W. K. 2007. Quality characteristics of noodle added with takju (Korean turbid rice wine) lees. Korean J Food Culture 22, 359-364.
  26. Koh, J. B. and Jung, B. M. 1992. Effects of dietary protein levels on the serum lipids and enzyme activities of ethanol- administered rats. Korean J Nutr 25, 578-585.
  27. Kudo, T., Tamagawa, T. and Shibata, S. 2009. Effect of chronic ethanol exposure on the liver of Clock-mutant mice. http://www.jcircadianrhythms.com/content/7/1/4.
  28. Lee, H. J., Yoon, C. K and Lee, S. I. 1993. Effect of dietary protein in the changes of lipoprotein fractions in carbon tetrachloride- treated rats. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 22, 127-131.
  29. Lee, H. S., Hong, K. H., Kim, J. Y., Kim, D. H., Yoon C. H. and Kim, S. M. 2009. Blood pressure lowering effect of Korean turbid rice wine (Takju) lees extracts in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Korean J Food Culture 24, 338-343.
  30. Lee, H. S., Hong, K. H., Yoon, K. H., Kim, J. M. and Kim, S. M. 2009. Effect of Korean turbid rice wine (takju) less extract on blood glucose level in db/db mouse. Korean J Food Sci Technol 23, 109-113.
  31. Lee, J. S., Lee, T. S., Park, S. O. and Noh, B. S. 1996. Quality characteristics in mash of takju prepared by different raw materials. Korean J Food Sci Technol 28, 330-336.
  32. Lee, S. H. and Joo, J. S. 1985. Nutrition influence of takju (Korean rice wine) on human body. J Korean Rae Univ 22, 17-32.
  33. Lieber, C. S. and DeCari, L. M. 1970. Quantitative relationship between amount of dietary fat and severity of alcoholic fatty liver. J Clin Nutr 23, 474-480.
  34. Lieber, C. S. and DeCarli, L. M. 1974. An experimental model of alcohol feeding and liver injury in the baboon. J Med Prim 3, 153-163.
  35. Masevich, T. G. and Ermolaeva, L. G. 2000. Chronic hepatitis: indicators of disease activity. Ter Arkh 72, 17-18.
  36. Maynard, E. H., Bitterns, S. and James, R. G. 1971. Effect of 3-methylchloanthrene induction on the CCl4-induced changes in rat hepatic microsomal enzyme system. Biochem Pharmacol 21, 745-750.
  37. Mezey, E. 1980. Alcoholic liver disease roles of alcohol and malnutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 33, 2709-2718.
  38. Moody, C. S. and Hassan, H. M. 1982. Mutagenicity of oxygen free radicals. Proc Natl Acsd Sci 79, 2855-2859. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.79.9.2855
  39. Muriel, P., Garciapima, T., Perezalvarez, V. and Mourelle, M. 1992. Silymarin protects against paracetamol-induced lipid peroxidation and liver damage. J App Toxicol 12, 439-442. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.2550120613
  40. National institutes of health consensus development conference statement lowering blood cholesterol to prevent heart disease. 1985. JAMA 253, 2080-2086. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1985.03350380096029
  41. PariL, S. A. 2008. Effect of grape (Vitisvinifera L.) leaf extracton alcohol induced oxidative stress in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 46, 1627-1634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.01.003
  42. Recknigel, R. O. 1967. Carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. Pharmacol Rev 19, 145-149
  43. Rehm, J., Mathers, C., Popova, S., Thavorncharoensap, M., Teerawattananon, Y. and Patra, J. 2009. Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. Lancet 373, 2223-2233. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60746-7
  44. Reynolds, J. E. F. 1989. Marthindale (The Extra Pharmacopoeis). 29th eds., pp. 1613-1629, The Pharmaceutical press, London.
  45. Shin, K. R., Kim, B. C., Yang, J. Y. and Kim, Y. D. 1999. Characterization of yakju prepared with yeasts from fruits (volatile components in yakju during fermentation). J Korean Soi Food Sci Nutr 28, 794-800.
  46. Shin, K. R., Kim, B. C., Yang, J. Y. and Kim, Y. D. 1999. Characterization of yakju prepared with yeasts from fruits (quality characteristics of yakju during fermantation). J Korean Soi Food Sci Nutr 28, 801-804.
  47. Thomas, B. D. and Mariani, M. E. 1989. Comparison of metabolic effects of carbon tetrachloride and 1,2-dichloroethane added in vitro to slice of rat liver. Toxicol In Vitro 3, 159-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/0887-2333(89)90060-X
  48. Wang, J. and Wendel, A. Studies on the hepatotoxicity of galactosamine endotoxin or galatosamine TNF in the perused mouse liver. Biochem Pharmacol 39, 267-270.

Cited by

  1. Identification of Wild Yeast Strains and Analysis of Their β-Glucan and Glutathione Levels for Use inMakgeolliBrewing vol.42, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2014.42.4.361
  2. Effect of Non-sterilized Makgeolli Consumption on Blood Glucose Level and Survival Rate in Streptozotocin-induced Type I Diabetic Mice vol.30, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7318/KJFC/2015.30.6.818
  3. Effect of Crude Polysaccharide Isolated from Mageoli Mash under Different Fermentation Conditions on Immune-Stimulating Activity vol.43, pp.12, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.12.1835
  4. Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Makgeolli Supplemented with Omija Berries (Schizandra chinensis Baillon) vol.47, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2015.47.3.328