• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.51
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• pp.161-191
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• 2018

In the beginning of the 20th century, post-colonialism has directly raised questions about western-centered universalism. One of its main achievements is that the political liberation of a colonial society does not guarantee the social, economic and cultural liberation of a society. Therefore, the discourse of liberation in the Western society, in particular, Marxism, nationalism, feminism and postmodernism, cannot be directly applied to the non-Western society. As a result, Western and non-Western societies are unfortunately dreaming of different futures and liberation; therefore, a'geopolitical dialogue' is needed between them. However, the theorists' efforts for postcolonial liberation failed to distinguish themselves from the western-centric traditions. It is also true that they have, in conjunction with these traditions, established their own power. As we know, many of the postcolonial criticisms somehow had relations with the West. This study will re-read the postcolonial thought of $Aim{\acute{e}}$ $C{\acute{e}}saire$, the father of the so-called $N{\acute{e}}gritude$, as a 'non-western resistance discourse'. Through this process, we have a chance to reflect on $C{\acute{e}}saire$ and his postcolonial thoughts.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.421-440
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• 2010

This paper examines middle powers' ODA policy in the post cold war era and discusses its implication for Korean aid strategy. Middle powers' ODA has been more successful than that of super powers in promoting donors' positive images and in stimulating recipient countries' development. Middle powers tend to pursue multilateral solutions to international problems often by taking a mediator role, and their ODA policies set them apart from the great players in international politics. Middle powers' ODA is primarily aimed at reducing poverty and protecting human rights in least developed countries where humanitarian aid needs the most rather than promoting donors' interests. Also, middle powers have provided bilateral untied aid in the sectors of food aid and emergency relief and steadily devoted about 0.7% of their gross national income to ODA. Meanwhile, Korea as an emerging middle power and a new donor has been implementing its own aid strategy under the name of the Korean development model since the post cold war period. The Korean ODA was not successful in building donors' positive images by simply following the short term strategies of US and Japan. Yet, its ODA policy has been quite effective in sustaining local development by creating specific niches in which the country can specialize in. In specific, Korea has focused on developing the sectors of information and communication technology and industry energy in recipients' countries by maximizing its comparative advantage.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.100-121
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• 2009

This study is subjected to those gardens of the Korean Folk Village 'Oeam-Ri' designed in 1920s. - transitional period of traditional gardens - and define socio-cultural change's influences and through documents on garden design, descendant's testimony and measured drawings, to understand that period's garden culture's characteristics according to garden design elements. This study applied following analysis methods and procedures to derive out characteristics of transitional garden culture. Analysis on socio-cultural characteristics in 1920s. Analysis on actual condition of transitional garden's design. In this point Outline of the Garden, Space formation, Garden designing elements are (1) water landscape, (2) plant, (3) structures, (4) paving, to derive out characteristics of the transitional garden. The results follow as below; First, during the transitional period 1920s, the economical development, fueled by opening nation's door to foreign countries and indication of collapse of statue systems together with idea of practical science and Enlightenment Thought, was element of changes in garden style. Second, Garden Designers of transitional gardens in 'Oeam-Ri' were limited to upper class of the society. They were wealthy enough to maintain their high social statue in rapidly changing society. As results, tendency of returning to nature developed gardens located in a site of scenic beauty and development of geographical features arranging techniques, and also showed copying foreign styles. Third, arrangement of garden and space composition, in most cases, composed of buildings and yards. Changes in water landscape features and garden spaces are centered to main-yard. Major changes of the garden spaces are water landscapes and plants that showing foreign influences. Fifth, scenic appearance techniques appears with dense garden space and emphasizing visual scenic view. Sixth, the characteristics of transitional garden design techniques are development of geographical feature arranging techniques, changes and mixture of the materials and garden types, emphasizing garden's decorative beauty, change of concept of yard within house into garden, changes from 'borrowing of landscapes' to 'selecting landscapes', changes of front garden from emptiness to fullness, changes of attitudes of enjoying gardens from 'staying calm in the garden' to 'moving or walking in the garden', changes to inner-oriented view, and changes from 'just watching and enjoying the nature' to 'enjoying specific objects'. This study is one of the efforts to restore the identity of Korean Traditional Garden by approaching and observing modern era which function as bridge between tradition and present day, and we observed transitional aspects of changes of traditional garden into modern garden. Hereafter, more studies will be needed to Modern Garden Design be recognized as part of Korean Garden Design History and these would be author's next assignment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 2014

This study attempts, based on the premise that gender roles and identity is a social construct, to show how TV portrayal of the male has changed through the years with changes in time and society, from the traditional depiction of hegemonic masculinity and ideal manhood as supported by the patriarchal system. A narrative analysis was conducted on popular variety shows "Dad, Where Are We Going?" and "Superman Returns". The results showed that both TV shows created a new type of masculinity by centering the narrative on the traditionally female roles of child rearing and housekeeping, and recreating the traditional strict and authoritative father figure into a non-authoritative and emotionally expressive father. However, as 'child rearing' and 'housekeeping' is expressed as 'play', there are limitations in that the actual daily lives and hardship of women is excluded from the narrative.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2017

The validity of friction factor theory, based upon conventional-sized passages for microchannel flows, is an active area of research. The high surface to volume ratio of a microchannel offers many advantages over macroscale devices and processes. This study focused on the laminar flow (16$161{\mu}m$ to $664{\mu}m$ for single-phase liquid flow. A controllable syringe pump was used to provide flow while a differential pressure transducer was used to record the pressure drop. These results demonstrated that a 3D printer can drastically simplify custom microchannel fabrication and still support complex features, which are typically only accessible with advanced fabrication techniques.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.20
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• pp.199-228
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• 2009

National security of post cold-war since 1990's shift that conception of the national security transfer traditional military strength to economic strength. Accordingly, the national interest about how to protect the of the high-technology industry enterprises has become contentious social issue. The U.S. and advanced countries promote the policy to protect The United State's Economic Espionage Act(EEA). The Korea reaching to high level a field at IT, Shipbuilding, Steel, Automobile Industry and huge capital investment to high-technology & development. But, systematic industry security activity not an unfold. So private investigator collect the evidence and information of business case for prevent danger is efficient. The private investigator system, deal with the matter efficiently, will good system to prevent economic loss of business, state and nation through make a good use in business crime that machinery of law difficult to intervene. This article countermeasure about industry spy through make a good use of private investigator.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.123-136
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• 2010

The purpose of this study examines how the self-leadership in organization affects citizenship behavior and which types(transformational leadership, transactional leadership) of leadership can moderate between self-leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. Hypotheses were tested by surveying 255 employees in small and medium enterprises. we conducted exploratory factor analysis for two constructs(behavioral strategy, cognitive strategy) using oblique rotation method that did not assume independence among the factors and main factors of self-leadership were grouped together by two factors. The results of this study are as followings; First, all factors of self-leadership had a significant positive effect on the organizational citizenship behavior. Second, only transformational leadership moderated between cognitive strategy of self-leadership and organizational citizenship behavior.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1607-1621
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• 2018

The financial industry, which guarantees a credible transaction and can not permit forgery of its transaction information, has hitherto adhered to a traditional centralized ledger management method. However, the blockchain technology has a decentralization which has been regarded as unsafe for the time being, and the more reliable transaction agreement and data integrity are guaranteed The world's financial industry and the IT world is causing the wave. Nevertheless, the inherent characteristics of the blockchain, such as the irreversibility of block information within a blockchain and the sharing of blocks between blockchain participants, can not avoid conflicts with the privacy laws. The purpose of this study is to investigate the problems related to deletion and the third party supply of personal information by focusing on these characteristics of the blockchain and to suggest the technical alternatives of the applicable blockchain and the improvement direction of the personal information protection law for using of blockchain technology.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.409-424
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• 2018

Since the 1950s, many of the traditional industrial cities of advanced economies in Europe and North America were affected by a series of de-industrialization. The de-industrialization process, characterized by company shut-downs and massive lay-offs, has resulted in high unemployment rates and massive redundancies in physical infrastructure. Since the 1980s, many of the old industrial cities have attempted to overcome such problems. However, it has been found that not many of the cities are found to be successful. The City of Dortmund, one of the core cities of the large German industrial conurbation of the past, the Ruhr, is found to be an exceptional case demonstrating a clear success in overcoming deindustrialization problems. The City in fact strategically pursued transforming backbone of its economy from steel-making, coal-mining and beer-brewery to high-technology and future-oriented industries, based on microsystems, biomedical, electronic logistics and information technology. This paper attempts to analyse the processes and outcomes of transforming Dortmund beginning from the 1980s to articulate the roles of the agencies contributing to the success.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.3-11
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• 2022

With increasingly sophisticated cyber threats, accelerating cloud adoption, and the adoption of remote and hybrid work environments due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the traditional security model, in which many businesses implicitly trust everything within their boundaries, is changing without boundaries, allowing data and users The concept of zero trust is getting more and more attention as the fact that it is not suitable for today's increasingly decentralized environment has been highlighted. Zero Trust is a cyber security model on the premise that 'no one trusts'. In principle, there is no safe area or user in the entire system, and internal users are also verified. is a way As telecommuting becomes commonplace due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and existing cyber security measures are facing limitations, Zero Trust technology is drawing more attention. Accordingly, it is expected that the Korean government will also check the status of acceptability of the domestic public and private sectors and tasks that need improvement when introducing Zero Trust with reference to the NIST standard. In this paper, the basic principles, philosophy, and considerations of Zero Trust and Zero Trust are explained, and practical basic measures to strengthen security by combining Zero Trust technology are presented.