• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2022

A number of studies have been conducted to confirm the preventive effect of xylitol on dental caries as a whole or partial alternative to dietary sugars. This study reviewed the oral health effects of xylitol on the prevention mechanism of dental caries, the prevention of dental caries, the inhibition of mother-to-child transmission, and the oral health effects in the elderly based on existing studies on the oral health of xylitol. Carbohydrates and dietary sugars in food are fermented by acid-producing microorganisms in the mouth and produce dental plaque and acid, which cause dental caries. However, most dental decay-causing bacteria cannot produce acids by metabolizing xylitol. Xylitol, stored in cells as a non-metabolizable metabolite by Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), affects bacterial glucose metabolism and inhibits bacterial growth. Xylitol consumption also reduces the amount of plaque and the population of S. mutans in both plaque and saliva. In addition, xylitol acts in the remineralization process. Xylitol has been confirmed to effectively prevent dental caries, inhibit mother-to-child transmission of MS, prevent dental caries, and increase salivary flow in the elderly. In conclusion, xylitol is an adequate sugar substitute for dental health, from infants to the elderly. For future studies, the researchers recommend reviewing the effects of xylitol on the oral and intestinal microbial environment and the side effects of excessive intake.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.29-46
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• 2022

COVID-19 has radically changed the behavior of members of society for exchange. In particular, the strong contagiousness of the virus is increasing networking on online platforms while reducing people's networking in the real world. Recently, the metaverse, which strengthened the presence based on 3D technology, is attracting attention from members of society such as individuals and companies. We present a method to improve metaverse utilization from the perspective of organizations and employees who have introduced metaverse for work. In other words, we check the effect of metaverse social function and telepresence on the employee's intention to offer support by improving the trust of the metaverse participants. We obtained samples through questionnaires targeting employees of organizations that introduced metaverse to their work, and verified the research hypothesis by applying the structural equation model. As a result, social interactivity, reciprocal favor, and telepresence of metaverse partially affected metaverse trust (platform, peer, organization), and metaverse trust increased the intention to offer support. Our study suggests a strategic direction to improve the metaverse utilization and exchange level of employees of organizations who want to use the metaverse for business.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2022

Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is a highly contagious retrovirus that causes tumors and has resulted in great economic loss worldwide owing to its high transmission rate. Various ALV viral subgroups exist, with infections occurring via specific host receptors. The susceptibility or resistance of avian species to the ALV-A and K subgroups is determined by the host receptor, the tumor virus locus A (tva) gene, while that to ALV-B depends on another host receptor, the tumor virus locus B (tvb) gene. The resistance alleles of tva and tvb have primarily been identified in China, but none have beendetected in Korea. We analyzed the frequencies of tva and tvb genotypes in White Leghorn (WL), Korean Ogye (KO), and Korean native chicken (KNC) breeds, and assessed the resistance to ALV subgroups. In WL, both tva and tvb had various genotypes, including susceptibility and resistance alleles, whereas in KO, tva and tvb resistance alleles were dominant. In KNC, tva susceptibility and resistance alleles were mixed, whereas tvb resistance alleles were dominant. In addition, we showed that there were differences in the splicing pattern of tva transcripts and the expression level of tvb transcripts within breeds. Finally, we confirmed that ALV resistance depended on KO and KNC genotypes by in vitro infection of chicken embryonic fibroblasts with ALV. These results highlight that some KO and KNC individuals are naturally resistant to ALV subgroups A, B, and K, and will facilitate the preservation of economically superior traits through selective breeding.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.155-163
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• 2022

In order to avoid the spread of Covid-19, outdoor activities are decreasing worldwide and the time spent at home is increasing. As physical activity declines, the number of people who feel bored, restless and immune deficient is increasing. As indoor life becomes more permanent, multiple approaches to home workout are becoming active. This paper examines how the Covid blue (boredom and social anxiety) produced in the no-touch era affects quality of life through the use of home training applications. Questionnaires were collected from Chinese people using a website dedicated to Chinese questionnaires, and finally 383 appropriate data were analyzed using SPSS24.0 and AMOS24.0. The research results showed that the actual experience of using home workout had a positive impact on quality of life. The higher the user's sense of social unease about being late in the untact, It was found that the higher the social anxiety perceived by users about the untact era, the higher the interactivity and exercise satisfaction with the home workout app. Home workout application can improve exercise satisfaction and quality of life, which are more positive effects beyond the result of resolving consumers' boredom. Therefore, it can be used as a channel for digital services.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.179-191
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• 2022

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) poses an increasing public health threat and has limited treatment options with high associated mortality. Genotypes of carbapenemase that threaten public health (bla_KPC, bla_NDM, bla_IMP, and bla_VIM) and bla_OXA-48-like genes were detected by phenotypic and molecular diagnosis, and related gene distribution patterns were investigated. Phenotypic testing using the modified Hodge test confirmed positivity in all 41 strains examined, and carbapenemase inhibitory testing using meropenem+phenyl boronic acid or meropenem+EDTA confirmed positivity in 18 and 8 strains, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction revealed the presence of amplification products in 28 strains of bla_KPC, 25 strains of bla_NDM, 5 strains of bla_IMP, 1 strain of bla_VIM, and 13 bla_OXA-48-like strains. In addition, 7 strains of bla_KPC+bla_NDM, 1 strain of bla_KPC+bla_IMP, 1 strain of bla_NDM+bla_OXA-48-like, 1 strain of bla_NDM+bla_VIM, 4 strains of bla_KPC+bla_NDM+bla_IMP, and 4 strains of bla_KPC+bla_NDM+bla_OXA-48-like were identified. Melting curve analysis using real-time PCR was wholly consistent with PCR results. The study shows genetic identification of highly specific CRE by real-time PCR could be used to provide early diagnoses and infection control, improve surveillance, and prevent the transmission of CRE.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2020

Medical waste is any kind of waste that contains infectious material and recommended not to be transferred for infection control. As a means of disposal, incineration has better points than dumping or landfill in the quantity reduction, odorless and nonhazardous. However, open burning and incineration of health care wastes under bad circumstances, can result in the emission of environmental pollutants to air. A burial of biological waste brings pollution of soil and water. Most of sub divisional hospitals in Fiji transfer their medical wastes to divisional hospitals for incineration. In 2011, 62,518 kg of medical waste was incinerated in the three divisional hospitals. However, some medical wastes are considered as general waste and burnt or sent to landfill site, some are buried on site in some sub-divisional hospitals. In this regards, urgent education is necessary for awareness promotion to relevant personnel in medical waste treatment. On site incineration using small scale incinerator is more recommended than transportation of medical wastes treatment in Fiji. Moreover, remotely controllable and fixable small scale of incinerator is more desirable in sub-divisional hospitals. It is recommended that Fiji government to set up a legal framework for medical waste management (MWM), to develop specific guidelines for MWM, to set up a training system for MWM to ensure that all relevant personnel are trained, to develop a monitoring and supervision system for MWM, to clarify the future financing of MWM activities, and to improve the MWM infrastructure.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2020

For the successful execution of an ODA project, it is necessary to know what areas are weak and necessary to the country of demand exactly. The health sector is also a top priority in most of developing countries. This study was carried out to introduce non-communicable disease (NCD) in Fiji for ODA projects planning. The major causes of death in Fiji in 2016 are diabetes, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, lower respiratory infect, asthma in ranking. The major causes of death in Korea in same year are cancer, ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, pneumonia, suicide, diabetes in the order of ranking. The chronic disease as non-communicable disease (NCD) has been increasing continuously due to changes in lifestyle and consumption patterns and population aging in prevalence rate. This global trend is also apparent in Fiji and Korea, reflected in increasing mortality and personal costs for the treatment and management of NCD. The need for a sustained comprehensive treatment tailored for individual patients has suggested from many studies and the development of a systematic program to manage NCD patients to provide such care have been recommended. The Fiji government developed Non-communicable Diseases Strategic Plan 2015-2019 and has tried to reduce the prevalence rate of non-communicable diseases by factors. The WHO global action plan guiding national-level NCD policies requires an NCD prevention and control model at the community level, presenting strategic goals and detailed options for the introduction and application of the approach to communities. It is necessary to develop an NCD prevention and control model, consisting of a strategy of community intervention, education for students and NCD patients, and the legal enactment of NCD that adequately meets the needs of community members.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2021

The recent spread of novel and highly variant pathogenic viruses, including the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has increased the demand for diagnostic testing for rapid confirmation. This has resulted in investigating the functional capability of each space, and preparing facility guidelines to secure the safety of medical technologists. During viral evaluations, there is a requirement of negative pressure facilities along with thread separation, during pre-treatment of samples and before nucleic acid amplification. Space composition therefore needs to be planned by considering unidirectional air flow. This classification of safety management facilities is designated as biosafety level 2, and personal protective equipment is placed accordingly. In case of handling dangerous materials, they need to be carried out of the biosafety cabinet, and sterilizers are required for suitable disposal of infectious agents. A common feature of domestic laboratories is maintenance of the sample pre-treatment space at a negative pressure of -2.5 Pa or less, and arranging separate pre-treatment and reagent preparation spaces during the test process. We believe that the data generated in this study is meaningful, and offers an efficient direction and detailed flow for separation of the inspection process and space functions. Moreover, this study introduces construction of the laboratory by applying the safety management standards.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2022

We injected infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) to pacific whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and observed closely with using light microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM) for 4-8 days post infection (dpi). As clinical signs, abdominal bodies had mild opaque muscles at 5 dpi. And the mortality was shown at 6 dpi. At 8 dpi, most injected shrimps had severe opaque muscles and humped back that cause of movement disorder. As results of histopathological examinations, local parts of abdominal body muscle had muscle fiber hyalinization, muscle fiber atrophy, rounded muscle fibers, myofibrillar hypertrophy in size, a decrease in number of myofibrils and phagocytosis from the sarcolemmas by multiple hemocytes at 4 dpi. Especially, myofibrillar hypertrophy appeared at the whole or random part of single muscle fiber not in specific locations like the center or edge of muscle fiber. At 6-7 dpi, multiple muscle necrosis, muscle fiber segmentation, myofibril lysis ap- peared and a few hemocytes were infiltrated at lesions. At 8 dpi, extensive muscle necrosis, multiple myofibril lysis and muscle fiber atrophy were shown, and very few hemocytes were infiltrated. In early stage of infection, local viral myositis with zenker's degeneration were shown. These lesions appeared multiply after the early stage. In late stage of infection, extensive coagulative muscle necrosis appeared with few of inflammatory response such as hemocytes infiltration. The lack of hemocytes infiltration response at the late stage might be disadvantage for Litopenaeus vannamei to defense against IMNV and to recover, because hematocytes (granulocyte, semi-granulocyte) eliminate pathogen and damaged tissues from infection sites and help recover. As results of the TEM observation, IMNVs that had nonenveloped icosahedral capsid which was 30-40 nm diameter were in myofibril and beside tubules of sarcoplasmic reticulum and moved to the certain direction. The micro-tears and micro-trau- mas in myofibrils caused muscle fiber necrosis. And semi-granulocytes engulfed IMNVs to eliminate virus.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.384-396
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• 2021

The 61^st Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry congress was hosted online for the first time in 2020 due to coronavirus disease-19. The congress was operated using the ZOOM platform. The aim of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the overall satisfaction and feedbacks from congress participants via anonymous Google Forms online survey. A test meeting was previously organized before the actual congress to facilitate the smooth process and the participants overall showed high satisfaction. Members who participated in test meeting compared to those who did not, found it significantly helpful, which contributed overall higher satisfaction with the online congress. Abstracts were accepted from the current pediatric dentistry residents and the oral presentations were also held online for the first time. The presenters and the judges were overall very satisfied. In an unguaranteed situation of termination of coronavirus disease-19, the decision to conduct an online congress was a favorable option.