Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회)
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The Various Effects of Xylitol as a Dietary Sugar Substitute on Improving Oral Health

식이 당 대체제인 자일리톨의 구강건강 증진에 미치는 다양한 효과

  • Hwang, Yoon-Sook (Korean Association for Oral Disease Prevention and Department of Dental Hygiene, Hanyang Women's University) ;
  • Lee, Hu-Jang (Institute of Animal Medicine and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 황윤숙 (충치예방연구회.한양여자대학교 치위생과) ;
  • 이후장 (경상국립대학교 수의과대학.동물의학연구소)
  • Received : 2022.03.16
  • Accepted : 2022.04.19
  • Published : 2022.04.30
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Abstract

A number of studies have been conducted to confirm the preventive effect of xylitol on dental caries as a whole or partial alternative to dietary sugars. This study reviewed the oral health effects of xylitol on the prevention mechanism of dental caries, the prevention of dental caries, the inhibition of mother-to-child transmission, and the oral health effects in the elderly based on existing studies on the oral health of xylitol. Carbohydrates and dietary sugars in food are fermented by acid-producing microorganisms in the mouth and produce dental plaque and acid, which cause dental caries. However, most dental decay-causing bacteria cannot produce acids by metabolizing xylitol. Xylitol, stored in cells as a non-metabolizable metabolite by Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), affects bacterial glucose metabolism and inhibits bacterial growth. Xylitol consumption also reduces the amount of plaque and the population of S. mutans in both plaque and saliva. In addition, xylitol acts in the remineralization process. Xylitol has been confirmed to effectively prevent dental caries, inhibit mother-to-child transmission of MS, prevent dental caries, and increase salivary flow in the elderly. In conclusion, xylitol is an adequate sugar substitute for dental health, from infants to the elderly. For future studies, the researchers recommend reviewing the effects of xylitol on the oral and intestinal microbial environment and the side effects of excessive intake.

현재까지, 식이 당의 전체적 또는 부분적 대체당으로서 자일리톨의 치아우식증에 대한 예방 효과를 확인하기 위해 많은 연구가 수행되었다. 본 총설논문에서는 자일리톨의 구강건강에 대한 기존 연구들을 바탕으로 자일리톨의 치아우식증 예방 기전, 치아우식증 예방, 치아우식증 유발균의 모자전염 예방, 노인의 구강건강에 미치는 영향 등이 정리되었다. 식품에 함유된 탄수화물 및 식이 당은 구강 내에서 산을 생성하는 미생물에 의해 발효되어 치석 및 산을 생성하여 치아우식증을 일으킨다. 그러나 충치를 일으키는 세균 대부분은 자일리톨을 대사하여 산을 만들어 낼 수 없다. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans)에 의한 비대사성 대사물로서 세포 내에 축적된 자일리톨은 S. mutans의 성장을 억제하고 치석 형성을 억제하여 치석과 타액 중 S. mutans 수를 감소시킨다. 또한, 자일리톨은 치아의 재광화(remineralization) 과정에 작용한다. 자일리톨은 치아우식증 예방, S. mutans의 모자감염 예방, 노인의 충치예방 및 타액분비 증가에 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 결론적으로, 자일리톨은 남녀노소 구분 없이 구강건강에 효과적이며 쉽게 섭취할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 향후, 자일리톨의 과량섭취에 따른 부작용과 구강 및 장내 환경에 미치는 전반적인 영향에 대한 보다 정확하고 상세한검토가 필요하다.

Keywords

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