• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.777-787
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• 2020

With the development of the Internet and the spread of mobile devices, the online market is growing rapidly. As the number of customers using online shopping malls explodes, research is being conducted on the analysis of usage behavior from customer data, personalized product recommendations, and service development. Thus, this paper seeks to analyze the overall process of online shopping malls through process mining, and to identify the factors that influence users' purchases. The data used are from a large online shopping mall, and R was the analysis tool. The results show that customer activity was most prominent in categories with event elements, such as unconventional discounts and monthly giveaway events. On the other hand, searches, logins, and campaign activity were found to be less relevant than their importance. Those are very important, because they can provide clues to a customer's information and needs. Therefore, it is necessary to refine the recommendations from related search words, and to manage activity, such as coupons provided when customers log in. In addition to the previous discussion, this paper proposes various business strategies to enhance the competitiveness of online shopping malls and to increase profits.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.16-26
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• 2004

As the importance of outdoor lighting become more widely recognized, outdoor lighting has been installed in many buildings, plazas, landscape, and historical monuments in Korea, Outdoor lighting on showing complex, in particular, express its values as local landmarks. However, the excessive outdoor lighting in the large-scale shopping complex tends to cause light pollution. Many advanced countries are trying to create a comfortable lighting environment by the guidlines and regulations on outdoor lighting to prevent light pollution. For this research backgrounds, the light pollution of three showing complexes in Seoul have been investigated. For the purpose, luminance of building facade, horizontal illuminance, and vertical illuminance were measured with proper measurement instruments and compared the results with the CIE recommendations. The results of the study are as follows. As no cut-off luminaries are currently installed on pedestrian walks, some glare were occured partially. It also shows that the luminance of building facades are high to improve the degree of public awareness of buildings and advertisements. In other words, the luminance of the building facade, when compared with that of the CIE recommendations, is twice as high and the vatical illuminance of pedestrian walks is far higher than that of the CIE recommendations, which proves the existence of light pollution. As Korea has not yet provided proper regulations or guidelines for the control of light pollution, it is necessary to make appropriate codes for it.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.1025-1033
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• 2019

Although magnetic resonance imaging without linear hardening of CT is recognized as a method of obtaining high contrast of tissue and excellent resolution image in brain disease and head and neck examination, magnetic susceptibility artifact is generated in case of metal implants in the oral cavity, which is an obstacle to image diagnosis. Therefore, an effort was made in this thesis to find a method to reduce artifacts caused by dental implants and prosthesis in MRI. Implant-induced artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging showed that the signal size increased with shorter TE in GE technique and was inconsistent with water temperature change. In SE technique as well, the signal size of water was generally higher than that of air, but the signal to noise ratio (SNR) was not different by air and temperature. In EPI technique, images with fewer artifacts were obtained quantitatively and qualitatively when there was more water than air, and the signal to noise ratio was measured the highest, especially at water temperatures of 20° and 30°. In conclusion, when examining using the EPI technique rather than the SE or the GE technique, obtaining brain diffusion using a 20° and 30° water bag reduces the magnetic susceptibility artifacts caused by implants and prosthesis, suggesting that it may provide images with high diagnostic value.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 1992

Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by various species of microorganisms that suppress the growth of other microorganisms or may destroy them. Among the more than 4000 antibiotics that has been identified, about 20s are using as the therapy of infectious fish diseases. There are several methods used to classify and group antibiotics, and the most common classification has been based on chemical structure and proposed mechanism of action. The effect of antibiotics may be determined by the kind of fish pathogens and by the external environment surrounded the infected fish. It implies that the kind of antibiotics and its application method should be decided after the determination of the reasons of fish disease. The uncontrolled usages of antibiotics may induce the selection of resistant mutants appeared spontaneously and present in any group of bacteria. The epidemic spread of such antibiotic resistant strains of fish pathogenic bacteria already has been reported in various districts of japan. Importantly, transferable drug resistant(R) plasmids were detected in strains of most of fish pathogens. Based on those reports, the antimicrobial resistance appears to be a rapidly emerging problem in the fish industry on the country. The expanding literatures on the pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, withdrawal periods and efficacy of environmental effect for the commonly using antibiotics have met the needs of data for the practical application of antibiotics. However, the most important thing for the treatment of fish diseases would be the communication and exchanging of information between the site of aquaculture and the diagnostic laboratory.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.461-480
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• 2003

This paper is to consider the new urbanization process of Daegu in the 1990s, especially with its economy, politics, social culture, environment and space. In the economic aspect, the industrial structure of Daegu has shifted from the manufacturing- centered economy to the service economy. But it has not yet overcome the linear frame of industrial structure still relying on the textile industry, though the degree of industrial specialization has increased in the part of the fabricated metal products and the precision and optical instrument. In the political situation that the implementation of the local self-government has made the relation between localities more competitive, the local government of Daegu has led a boom for boosting the regional economic growth, organizing private-public-research relations to improve the weakening regional investment and production function. In the social and cultural aspect of the new urbanization, the investment into the soft-ware facilities has been increased, and the urban festivals have been changed so as to revitalize the regional economy. In the environmental aspect, as the self-government system has launched, conflicts around values and interests of local governments have revealed frequently due to locations of infra-structures and of abhorrence facilities. Finally, seen from the spatial dimension of the city, the extension of residential areas and unregulated use of urban space have a result of inefficience of land-use, and this kind of unplanned outer expansion of the city has brought about with further separation of house and working place, and increasing distance of movements and the an urban spatial structure which requires more energy consumption.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.1 s.59
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• pp.233-244
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• 2005

Fashion is one of the characteristics which represents the comtemporary sociocultural signifiant. A style that a certain stream of fashion brings is not just limited in fragmentary tendencies and fads. That can be a code to communicate and function as a medium in itself. Music has been displaying it's power to fashion while fashion has been exercising it's influence over the music. There is an inseparable relationship between music and fashion in terms of expressing our images of the world: fashion delivers them through visuality and music does it by sound. Both fashion and music are reflecting our society as well as they are influencing on sociocultural aspects generally. Whenever music has been changed new youth culture has been made and this culture has been expanded with forming some distinct fashion trends. The study focuses on identifying the relations between pop music and fashion styles which are occupying positions firmly on the bases of youth culture through analysing the relations between the fashion styles and music genres which are used in sub-culture groups to express their own identities and consciousness from a point of semiotics. In conclusion, subculture is the exit of their escaping from the compelling inconsistency cause by the condition of people's life and the way for them to solve through cultural sublimating for themselves. People come up with distinctive style of music and fashion to express their resistant signifie in their symbolic way. In addition, a particular music trend has much to do with a contemporary fashion style. In the relationship between music and fashion, there have been the subtle mechanism to boost and influence and some crucial similarity each other to signify inner values of the times. This study lets us realize that fashion is not only a popular style of clothes, hair, etc. at a particular time or place but also a medium to communicate and to guarantee polysemous identity by functioning as a flexible tool to exchange contemporary sociocultural meanings.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.431-441
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• 2011

As environment issues arise, environment-friendliness in convention industry has also been discussed. Guidelines are presented by government and convention organization to settle environment-friendly convention. However, these efforts focus on organizers and suppliers, lacking in understanding convention participants. This study tries to approach in perspective of convention participants to get useful information for environment-friendly convention. The research explores how they are aware of environment issues and accept environment-friendly convention attributes according to their cognition of environment. It also examines the relationship between those attributes and intention of participation according to their awareness of environment. The results shows that participants have high awareness about environmental issue and recognized high necessity for set up for specific action plan. They showed highest acceptance of venue followed by activity, transportation, food & beverage, and operation. High awareness group showed higher acceptance of environment-friendly convention attributes than low awareness group. 'Transportation', 'activity', and 'operation' among five attributes were examined to have significant effect on intention of participate environment-friendly convention in both groups.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.709-711
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• 2005

컴퓨터 그래픽스 분야의 발전으로 3D 모델의 수가 기하급수적으로 늘고 있다. 기존의 텍스트나 2D 이미지만을 검색하는 시스템으로는 정확한 3D 모델의 검색이 힘들다. 따라서 3D 모델 검색 시스템의 필요성이 대두되고 많은 분야에서 그 정확도와 속도향상을 위한 3D 모델 검색 연산자(Descriptor)와 검색 알고리즘을 개발하기 위한 연구가 진행 중이다. 본 논문에서는 VRML 모델을 XML 데이터로 변환하여 3D 모델 검색에 사용하는 것이 주요 목표이다. 검색 방법은 크게 VRML의 노드 분류화를 통한 기본 도형에 대한 검색과 XML로 변환하면서 생성하는 무게중심(Mass-Center)을 이용한 검색 두 가지이다. 즉, 3D 모델 데이터베이스를 구축함으로써 VRML 노드를 통한 분류화와 라벨화된 3D 모델 데이터베이스 지원 등의 장점을 활용한다. 3D 모델을 Key값(Descriptor)을 생성하여 분류화된 XML 데이터로 저장하고, 처리하여 유사도 비교의 대상과 횟수가 많아질수록, 3D 모델을 바로 데이터베이스에서 검색에 사용할 수 있어 검색의 속도와 성능을 보다 증가시킬 수 있다. 보다 복잡한 3D 모델의 유사도 비교에 있어서는 Princeton Shape Benchmark(PSB)[1]에서 정확도가 가장 높게 평가된 방법인 LFD(Light Field Descriptor)[6] 검색 연산자를 사용한다. 이 방법은 3D 모델에서 2D 이미지를 얻어 검색하는 방법으로 많은 2D 이미지 관측점(View-Point)과 관측된 2D 이미지의 적합도를 비교하는 계산량이 많은 단점이 있다. 그래서 3D 모델 검색을 위한 2D 이미지 관측에 있어 x, y, z축 방향의 관측점을 얻는 방법을 제안함으로써 2D 이미지의 관측점을 줄여 계산량을 대폭 감소시키는 장점을 갖는다.것으로 조사되었으며 40대 이상의 연령층은 점심비용으로 더 많은 지출을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 4) 끼니별 한식에 대한 선호도는 아침식사의 경우가 가장 높았으며, 이는 40대와 50대에서 높게 나타났다. 점심 식사로 가장 선호되는 음식은 중식, 일식이었으며 저녁 식사에서 가장 선호되는 메뉴는 전 연령층에서 일식, 분식류 이었으며, 한식에 대한 선택 정도는 전 연령층에서 매우 낮게 나타났다. 5) 각 연령층에서 선호하는 한식에 대한 조사에서는 된장찌개가 전 연령층에서 가장 높은 선호도를 나타내었고, 김치는 40대 이상의 선호도가 30대보다 높게 나타났으며, 흥미롭게도 30세 이하의 선호도는 30대보다 높게 나타났다. 그 외에도 떡과 죽에 대한 선호도는 전 연령층에서 낮게 조사되었다. 장아찌류의 선호도는 전 연령대에서 낮았으며 특히 30세 이하에서 매우 낮게 조사되었다. 한식의 맛에 대한 만족도 조사에서는 연령이 올라갈수록 한식의 맛에 대한 만족도는 낮아지고 있었으나, 한식의 맛에 대한 만족도가 높을수록 양과 가격에 대한 만족도는 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 전반적으로 한식에 대한 선호도는 식사 때와 식사 목적에 따라 연령대 별로 다르게 나타나고 있으나, 선호도는 성별이나 세대에 관계없이 폭 넓은 선호도를 반영하고 있으며, 이는 대학생들을 대상으로 하는 연구 등에서도 나타난바 같다. 주 5일 근무제의 확산과 초 중 고생들의 토요일 휴무와 더불어 여행과 엔터테인먼트산업은 더욱 더 발전을 거듭하고 있으며, 외식은 여행과 여가 활동의 필수적인 요소로써 그 역할을 일조하고 있다. 이와 같은 여가시간의 증가는 독신자들에게는 좀더 많은 여유시간을 가족을 이루고 있는 가족구성원들에게는 가족과의 유대를 강화하는 휴식과 오락의 소비 트렌드를 창출시켰다. 이와 더불어 외식은 식사를 해결하기 위한

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.433-435
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• 2005

임베디드 시스템은 다수의 디바이스를 컨트롤하여 시스템의 목적을 수행한다. 최근 임베디드 시스템의 요구사항이 증가함에 따라 하나의 임베디드 소프트웨어가 컨트롤하는 디바이스의 종류가 다양해지고 수도 증가하는 추세이다. 다수의 디바이스를 가지고 있는 임베디드 시스템에서 시스템의 신뢰도는 각 디바이스의 신뢰도에 많은 영향을 받는다. 본 논문은 임베디드 시스템의 신뢰도를 측정하기 위해서 통계적 신뢰도 측정 방법 중 한 가지인 마르코프 체인을 이용한 방법을 제안한다. 마르코프 체인은 여러 분야에서 복잡한 시스템을 단순화하여 모델링하고 과거의 변화를 토대로 미래를 예측할 수 있는 방법을 제공한다. 또한 전체 시스템의 확률을 행렬로 계측할 수 있는 방법을 가지고 있어 특정 부분의 확률이 전체 시스템의 확률에 미치는 영향을 산술적으로 계산할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 임베디드 소프트웨어 마르코프 체인은 테스트 대상 소스를 분석하여 디바이스를 컨트롤하는 루틴과 에러를 핸들링하는 루틴, 일반적인 루틴으로 나누어 각각을 상태로 정의한다. 정의한 각 상태간의 전이는 통계적으로 측정한 디바이스 신뢰도를 확률로 표현한다. 마르코프 체인을 이용하여 임베디드 시스템의 신뢰도를 측정하기 위한 시스템은 소스 분석기와 신뢰도 측정기로 나누어 설계한다. 소스 분석기는 테스트 대상이 되는 소스와 디바이스 드라이버 라이블러리 테이블을 입력으로 하고 소프트웨어의 마르코프 체인을 출력으로 한다 마르코프 체인은 행렬로 표현하고 연산하여 시스템의 신뢰도를 측정한다. 제안하는 시스템의 신뢰도 측정 방법은 부분이 가지고 있는 신뢰도가 전체 신뢰도에 미치는 영향을 산술적으로 측정할 수 있어 시스템이 요구하는 신뢰도에 접근할 수 있는 방법과 근거를 제공하는 장점이 있다.소시키는 장점을 갖는다.것으로 조사되었으며 40대 이상의 연령층은 점심비용으로 더 많은 지출을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 4) 끼니별 한식에 대한 선호도는 아침식사의 경우가 가장 높았으며, 이는 40대와 50대에서 높게 나타났다. 점심 식사로 가장 선호되는 음식은 중식, 일식이었으며 저녁 식사에서 가장 선호되는 메뉴는 전 연령층에서 일식, 분식류 이었으며, 한식에 대한 선택 정도는 전 연령층에서 매우 낮게 나타났다. 5) 각 연령층에서 선호하는 한식에 대한 조사에서는 된장찌개가 전 연령층에서 가장 높은 선호도를 나타내었고, 김치는 40대 이상의 선호도가 30대보다 높게 나타났으며, 흥미롭게도 30세 이하의 선호도는 30대보다 높게 나타났다. 그 외에도 떡과 죽에 대한 선호도는 전 연령층에서 낮게 조사되었다. 장아찌류의 선호도는 전 연령대에서 낮았으며 특히 30세 이하에서 매우 낮게 조사되었다. 한식의 맛에 대한 만족도 조사에서는 연령이 올라갈수록 한식의 맛에 대한 만족도는 낮아지고 있었으나, 한식의 맛에 대한 만족도가 높을수록 양과 가격에 대한 만족도는 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 전반적으로 한식에 대한 선호도는 식사 때와 식사 목적에 따라 연령대 별로 다르게 나타나고 있으나, 선호도는 성별이나 세대에 관계없이 폭 넓은 선호도를 반영하고 있으며, 이는 대학생들을 대상으로 하는 연구 등에서도 나타난바 같다. 주 5일 근무제의 확산과 초 중 고생들의 토요일 휴무와 더불어 여행과 엔터테인먼트산업은 더욱 더 발전을 거듭하고 있으며, 외식은 여행과 여가 활동의 필수적인 요소로써 그 역할을 일조하고 있다. 이와 같은 여가시간의 증가는 독신자들에게는 좀더 많은 여유시간을 가족을 이루고 있는 가족구성원들에게는 가족과의 유대를 강화하는 휴식과 오락의 소비 트렌드를 창출시켰

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.63-68
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• 2010

Utility-Pipe Conduit is, Housing and city effectively accommodate what they absolutely need power, communications, gas, pipeline, water supply, drainage, energy facilities etc, according to expansion of urban infrastructure are derived, several ways to solve problems in, collection facilities in place are maintained and managed facility. If Utility-Pipe Conduit is damaged, as well as national security, because their impact on society as a whole, by introducing large vulnerability in the fire prevention activities and suppression measures and disaster for our situation by introducing measures, comprehensive analysis of the fire risk, it shall establish fire prevention activities and suppression through analysis of Utility-Pipe Conduit design, institutional issues, the problem of fire protection facilities, fire spread phenomenon etc. Because of Utility-Pipe Conduit is an enclosed place, so incomplete combustion due to lack of oxygen supply that there are problem such dark smoke, carbon monoxide etc, toxic combustion products and heat generation and visual impairment is an issue difficult to enter. As well as fire prevention activities, the fire In light of the particularity of the under ground than above ground fire, so this phenomenon is weak fire fighting that fire to become effective fire fighting tactics, basically it is necessary difficulty softening, non-burn softening and prevent combustion expansion of the cable is installed on the Utility-Pipe Conduit, having to considering the specificity of the response command system and relevant organizations to establish an on-site, Structural identification and other information gathering required to record of Response agencies, keep air conditioning system 24 hours and strengthening Virtual Total Training of Response agen