• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.180-187
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• 2008

Purpose : We wanted to determine the characteristics of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) who were unresponsive to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Methods : The patients with KD were divided into two groups: the IVIG responsive group (25 cases) and the IVIG unresponsive group (14 cases). We analyzed various parameters before and after the administration of IVIG, including the complete blood cell count with the differential count (%), the erythrocyte segmentation rate (ESR), the C-reactive protein (CRP) level and the protein and lipid profiles. Results : The IVIG unresponsive group had a prolonged duration of fever and a higher incidence of CAL compared to the IVIG responsive group (P<0.001, respectively). Before IVIG infusion, the neutrophil differential, the ESR and the CRP values were higher (P<0.001), and the total protein and albumin values were lower in the IVIG unresponsive group (P=0.01) compared to the IVIG responsive group. After IVIG infusion, there were no significant changes in the WBC count and CRP levels in the IVIG unresponsive group. The reduction of the HDL-cholesterol levels by IVIG was more significant in the unresponsive group (P=0.02). Conclusion : A more severe and prolonged inflammatory response occurred in the IVIG unresponsive group at an early stage, and this finding can be detected by such inflammatory parameters as the neutrophil count and the CRP and HDL-cholesterol levels after IVIG infusion.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of restricted feeding to laying performance and egg quality in brown layers. A total of 1,080 brown layer chicks were divided into three treatments; conventional feeding (ad libitum) and two restricted feedings (80% of conventional diet) for 70 weeks. One of restricted feeding started from six to eighteen weeks of age, and the other started from twelve to eighteen weeks of age. Diets were formulated by NRC (1994) recommendation. Overall laying performance and feed intake were the highest in $6{\sim}18 wk$ restricted group. But there was no significant difference among treatment group (P>0.05). Feed intake was higher in $6{\sim}18 wk$ restricted group during maximum production (P<0.05), but there was no difference between treatments after the peak. Egg quality tended to decreased by aging, but there was no significant difference among the treatments (P>0.05). The result of present study indicated that restricted feeding in rearing period of layers is beneficial to improve egg productivity and to reduce feed cost.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.116-126
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• 2014

To evaluate the relationship between dynamics of Cyanobacterial bloom and rainfalls, a monthly monitoring of water quality and phytoplankton from the three serial lakes (Lake Ui-am, Lake Chung-pyeong and Lake Pal-dang) in the North Han River System were examined 12 times from May 2012 to March 2013. A dense bloom of cyanobacterium Anabaena spp., was occurred over three lakes in the summer season of 2012. In Lake Ui-am, the Anabaena population appeared in June, showed a peak in July (43,850 cells $mL^{-1}$) and disappeared in November 2012. In Lake Chung-pyeong and Lake Pal-dang, Anabaena population commonly appeared in July, showed the peaks (31,648 cells $mL^{-1}$ and 7,136 cells $mL^{-1}$, respectively) in August, and entirely disappeared in September 2012. Over the three lakes, the phytoplankton community was commonly dominated by diatoms before Monsoon, cyanobacteria during Monsoon, and diatoms after Monsoon, respectively, indicating a Monsoon-dependent succession. A correlation analysis revealed that dynamics of Anabaena population was strongly related with rainfall (r=0.72, r=0.83, r=0.88, P<0.01 for three lakes), and partly with nutrients, inflow and outflow of lakes. Therefore, this study indicates that the outbreak and destruction of Anabaena bloom in North Han River System between 2012 and 2013 was impacted by rainfalls. However, a high density of cyanobacteria in Lake Ui-am remained after Monsoon, and thus, may paroduce bad-order and toxins from phytoplankton.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.13-19
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• 2018

The soldering property of Pb-containing solder(Sn-Pb) and Pb-free solders(Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu and Sn-1.0Ag-0.7Cu-1.6Bi-0.2In) for solar combiner box module was compared. The solar combiner box module was composed of voltage and current detecting modules, diode modules, and other modules. In this study, solder paste printability, printing shape inspection, solder joint property, X-ray inspection, and shear force measurements were conducted. For optimization of Pb-free soldering process, step 1 and 2 were divided. In the step 1 process, the printability of Pb-containing and Pb-free solder alloys were estimated by using printing inspector. Then, the relationship between void percentages and shear force has been estimated. Overall, the property of Pb-containing solder was better than two Pb-free solders. In the step 2 process, the property of reflow soldering for the Pb-free solders was evaluated with different reflow peak temperatures. As the peak temperature of the reflow process gradually increased, the void percentage decreased by 2 to 4%, but the shear force did not significantly depend on the reflow peak temperature by a deviation of about 0.5 kgf. Among different surface finishes on PCB, ENIG surface finish was better than OSP and Pb-free solder surface finishes in terms of shear force. In the thermal shock reliability test of the solar combiner box module with a Pb-free solder and OSP surface finish, the change rate of electrical property of the module was almost unchanged within a 0.3% range and the module had a relatively good electrical property after 500 thermal shock cycles.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.324-333
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• 1983

Modeling of longterm runoff is theoritically based on waterbalance analysis. Simplified equation of water balance with rainfall, evapotranspiration and soil moisture storage could be formulated into regression model with variables of rainfall, pan evaporation and previous-month streamflow. The hydrologic response of water shed could be represented lumpedly, qualitatively and deductively by regression coefficients of water-balance regression model. Characteristics of regression modeling of water-balance were summarized as follows; 1. Regression coefficient $b_1$ represents the rate of direct runoff component of precipitation. The bigger the drainage area, the less $b_1$ value. This means that there are more losses of interception, surface detension and transmission in the downstream watershed. 2. Regression coefficient $b_2$ represents the rate of baseflow due to changes of soil moisture storage. The bigger the drainage area and the milder the watershed slope, the bigger b, value. This means that there are more storage capacity of watershed in mild downstream watershed. 3. Regression coefficient $b_3$ represents the rate of watershed evaporation. This depends on the s oil type, soil coverage and soil moisture status. The bigger the drainage area, the bigger $b_3$ value. This means that there are more watershed evaporation loss since more storage of surface and subsurface water would be in down stream watershed. 4. It was possible to explain the seasonal variation of streamflow reasonably through regress ion coefficients. 5. Percentages of beta coefficients what is a relative measure of the importance of rainfall, evaporation and soil moisture storage to month streamflow are approximately 89%, 9% and 11% respectively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 1988

This experiment was carried out to obtain the thermophilic fungus producing amylase and to investigate properties of the amylase. The selected strain, L-11 was obtained from soil in the vicinity of a hot spring and identified as Mocor sp.. And then the conditions for enzyme production in wheat bran cultures and properties of the crude enzyme were investigated. Furthermore, the enzyme was purified and the characteristics of purified enzyme were studied. The results obtained were as follows: 1. On the wheat bran medium added 80-100% water, amylase was effectively produced by the selected strain, L-11 for 48 hrs incubation at $50^{\circ}C$. 2. When the crude enzyme solution of the strain L-11 was passed through DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography, two peaks having amylase activity were obtained, and one peak was that of the main enzyme (enzyme of B peak). 3. The purified enzyme (enzyme of B peak) was recognized as single protein band on polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. 4. In the hydrolysis reaction of soluble starch by the enzyme of main amylase, oligosaccharides produced at early stage were maltose and maltotriose mainly and procedure of the reaction maltose amount of maltose and glucose was increased. 5. The strain L-11 was recognized as a special strain producing ${\alpha}-amylase$ mainly and scarcely glucoamylase. 6. The optimum pH, optimum temperature, pH stability, and temperature stability of ${\alpha}-amylase$ were pH 4.0, $60-65^{\circ}C$, pH 4.0-9.0, and below$70^{\circ}C$.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.241-250
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• 2004

In this research, the copper alloy plates C2200, C5210, C7701, C8113 were selected to make datum and to identify further usage of metal craft experimentation. For its experimentation, the general welding and TIG welding methods were researched; for 2nd experimentation, the Reticulation and Electroforming skill's differences in color and temperature were researched. With these methods 3 different kinds of works are introduced for sample studies. For this research, Dr. Lee, Dong-Woo who works in Poongsan Metal Co, supported 4 kinds of copper alloy metals. Which are Commercial bronze (Cu-Zn), Deoxidiged Copper(Cu-Sn-P), Nickel Silver (Cu-Ni-Zn), and White Bronze (Cu-Ni); they were applied partly and wholly by the method of Laminatin, Reticulation, Fusing, and Electroforming skills. In case of C2200, the brass, the A. C. TIG welding method is better under 2mm slight plate; the D.C. TIG welding is better upper 2mm plate; and 250~300$^{\circ}C$ is recommended for remain heat treatment. In case of C5210, not having Hydrogen in high temperature return period, doesn't need Oxygen in high temperature and hardening in comparative high temperature neither, it is good for welding. It contains Sn 2-9% ad P 0.03-0.4% generally; and in accordance with the growth rate of Sn contain amount, the harden temperature boundary become broad. In case of cold moment after welding, they are recommended that higher speed TIG welding, smaller melting site and less than 200$^{\circ}C$ for pre-heating temperature. In case of C7701, the 10-20% Ni, 15-30% Zn are widely used.. If it is upper 30% Zn, it become (${\alpha}+{\beta}$) system and adhesive power rate become lower, and the productivity become lower in low temperature but the productivity become higher in high temperature. Nickel Silver's resistance of electricity is well; and the heatproof and incorrodibility is good, too. Lastly, in case of C8113, good at persistence in salty and grind; high in strength of high temperature. In case of white brass, contain 10-30% Nickel and hardened in high temperature and become single phrase. For these reason, the crystallization particles easily become large, if the resistance become higher small amount of Pb, P, S separation rate become higher.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2013

This study was to investigate water quality and biotic community characteristics in Juam Lake. In water quality, water temperatures was $3.8{\sim}21.2^{\circ}C$, 6.7~8.6 in pH, $64{\sim}76{\mu}s\;cm^{-1}$ in Conductivity, $5.3{\sim}13.2mg\;L^{-1}$ in DO, $2.5{\sim}3.3mg\;L^{-1}$ in COD, $1.0{\sim}5.1mg\;L^{-1}$ in SS, $0.622{\sim}0.841mg\;L^{-1}$ in T-N, $0.007{\sim}0.019mg\;L^{-1}$ in T-P and $2.8{\sim}8.8mg\;m^{-3}$ in Chl-a. Revised Carlson's Index (TSIm) assessment using total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll-a domonstrated that the trophic states of Juam Lake were rated as mesotrophic. A total of 53 species of phytoplankton were identified. They were 28 Bacillariophyceae, 13 Chlorophyceae, 3 Cyanophyceae, and 9 Other algal taxa. The standing crops of phytoplankton was ranged from $113cells\;mL^{-1}$ to $2,909cells\;mL^{-1}$. A total of 16 species of zooplankton were identified (10 rotifers, 4 cladocerans and 2 copepods). Total zooplankton abundance was $309ind.\;L^{-1}$ to $435ind.\;L^{-1}$. The collected benthic macroinvertebrates from the surveyed sites in Juam Lake were 1,038 individuals, 33 species, 21 families and 12 orders. A dominant species was Uracanthella rufa and a subdominant species was Ecdyonurus kibunensis. Hydrophytes recorded from Juam Lake were identified 9 taxa. Emerged plants, floating plants among the hydrophytes was classified 8, 1 taxa, respectively. Ecosystem disturbance wildplant by Environment Ministry found were Paspalum distichum var. distichum and Ambrosia artemisiaefolia. A total of 30 species (6 families) were collected fishs from Juam Lake. There were 10 Korean endemic species (33.3% of collected species number) and 3 exotic species (10.0%).

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2014

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with the effective microorganism (EM) on the growth performance, blood parameter, small intestinal microflora, and noxious gas emission of broilers. A total 720 1-d old ROSS 308 was randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatment groups: control, virginiamycin (6 mg/kg), 0.1% PB 0.1% EM, 0.5% EM, and 1.0% EM. Each treatment was fed to 4 replicates of 30 birds per diet for d 35. Two-phase feeding program with a starter diet from 0 to 3 wk, and a finisher diet from 4 to 5 wk was used in the experiment. Within each phase, a diet was formulated to meet or exceed NRC requirements of broilers for macro- and micronutrients. The diet and water were available ad libitum. Result indicated that during overall periods of the experiment, final weight, body weight gain, and feed intake were not different among dietary treatments. Feed conversion ratio was less (P<0.05) for EM treatments than control, antibiotics, and PB. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TRG), glucose (GLU), total protein (TP), calcium (CA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were not different among dietary treatments. White blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), heterophils (HE), lymphocyte (LY), monocytes (MO), and eosinophils (EO) were not different among dietary treatments. HE:LY was less (P<0.05) for EM0.5 treatments than control, antibiotics, and PB. Lactobacillus was greater (P<0.05) for EM treatments than control and antibiotics. E. coli and Salmonella were not different among dietary treatments. $NH_3$ and $CO_2$ wereless (P<0.05) for EM treatments than control. These results indicated that EM treatments were effective feed conversion ratio, noxious gas emission and micro flora population on the cecum in broilers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.166-175
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• 1977

The author have performed an epidemiological study on the accidental deaths at industry from 1970 to 1975, in order to seek for the preventive measures of industrial accident with the under-standing of its cause and characteristics of the accidental deaths. The obtained results were as follows; 1. Total number of deaths for 6 years were 361 (350 males, 11 females). and the mean death rate was 33.8 per 100,000 industrial workers during 6 years. By the highest as 52.9 was in 1974 and the lowest as 13.7 in 1970. By the industry group, the death rate of Electricity, Gas and Water was 149.3, Construction 83.9 and the lowest was Manufacturing as 18.3. 2. Standardized mortality rate of the cases by the age group showed that 20-29 years old group was 43.0, 40-49 years old group 38.1, 30-39 years old group 32.0, and the lowest as 17.9 was under 19 years old group. 3. The cumulative percentage of the cases by years of service showed that under 6 months was 60.4%, under 1 year 72.9%, under 2 years 83.1%. 4. By the month of occurrence, the highest was 15.8% which occurred in August and the lowest was 5.8% in February. The highest as 19.1% was on Friday and the lowest as 11.9% on Monday by the day of a week. 5. By the causes of accident, car accidents was 28.3%, fall accidents 19.1%, accidents by a crash 9.1% in that order. By the location of injury, head was 44.6%, multiple injuries 33.0%, chest 10.5%, and back was the lowest as 1.9%. The distribution of the cases by nature of injury shelved that cerebral contusion and hemorrhage was 39.4%, fracture and dislocation 33.2%, asphyxia 8.0% in that order. 6. The cumulative percentage of the cases by the duration from injury to death showed that the injuried day was 74.2%, within 3 days after injury 88.5%, within 7 days 96.1%. Therefore most of the cases were occurred within 7 days after injury. 7. Byythe daily mean wages, most of the cases as 91.7% were under 2,000 won, and more 4,000 won was 1.6% merely.