• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.407-416
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• 2020

North Korea's demand for infrastructure construction and maintenance is growing rapidly. On the other hand, the number of skilled workers is insufficient. Therefore, through a survey of North Korean defectors, this study analyzed the status of construction technology and the difficulties of construction workers. In addition, an attempt was made to derive an appropriate education and training program process and operation plan. As a result of the survey, the reason for the low technical level of construction workers was the lack of skills, lack of motivation to work, and the lack of training and management systems. The appropriate education and training period was 56% of the total response within one year and 36% within six months. Based on the results of this survey, the period of education and training for the rapid training of construction technical personnel in North Korea was adopted as one year. Moreover, compared to the NCS standard in South Korea, appropriate training hours were suggested, excluding training courses, such as planning and design, construction management that require specialized knowledge. Finally, the curriculum corresponding to the education and training courses and the standards for facility names and required areas for facility operation were suggested.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.167-171
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• 2009

An attempt was made to provide the most reasonable fertilizer recommendation for radish crop based on soil analysis data and yield response to the N, P, K fertilizers, which was obtained from field experiments on 2004 in highland, 850 meters above the sea level. Optimum times of NPK application to past application amount based on soil test were 0.90-0.77-0.50 for radish. The adjusted NPK recommendation models of highland soil were made by adding the application times to past application methods which were based on chemical properties of soil. The revised models for fertilizer application were recommended to decrease the amount of N, P, K by 10-23-50% for radish in highland. In application to total cultivation area, 2,546ha for radish, saving amounts of NPK fertilizers with these adjusted recommendation in comparison with past application levels will be 244.4 tons for radish. Using the optimal application amounts for radish, we will can reduce agricultural pollution without affecting crop yields.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.131-145
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• 2019

Korea has set up a radiation emergency planning zone based on the 「Act on Physical Protection and Radiological Emergency」 to protect residents living near nuclear power plants in the event of nuclear disasters. Little research has been conducted on the appropriateness of existing nuclear evacuation facilities because of a general lack of interest in nuclear accidents. This research addresses this gap by analyzing the location adequacy of evacuation facilities in Busan's emergency protection planning area based on vulnerable populations and accessibility analyses. The Gijang-gun which has the greatest risk, shows that only 4.05% of the total urban area was included in the evacuation service area within 5 minutes while only 36.93% of Geumjeong-gu and 37.23% of Haeundae-gu were included in the evacuation-enabled area. In addition, evaluation facilities in the elderly population hotspots were lacking, and there was a wide gap between dongs within the same Gu. Thus, additional evacuation facilities need to be designated and installed considering the spatial equity between areas and safety of both the public and vulnerable populations.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.76-80
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• 2007

After bottle culture of Pleurotus eryngii, media were taken out the bottle and normally utilized compost. However, nutritional elements were remained in the waste media. This study was carried out to investigate the reusable possibility and the optimal additive rate of waste media in an artificial cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii. The pH had tendency to decrease as the waste media was added from 6.0 to 4.8. Based on the additive rate of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%, each treatment waste media was added to new media for culturing Pleurotus eryngii. Among various treatments, the mycelial growth and primordia formation of Pleurotus eryngii were more favorable in the addition of 10-30% waste median than in the addition of 40 and 50%. The yield of its fruiting body was increased slightly in the treatment of 10-30% waste media.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: Organic fertilizers in watermelon cultivation are widely used to supply nutrient and organic matter. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of application rate of organic fertilizer on the watermelon growth and soil chemical properties in greenhouse METHODS AND RESULTS: The organic fertilizers used in this experiment were mixed expeller cake (MEC) and mixed organic fertilizer (MOF). The treatments were conducted with 4 levels (1.0 N, 0.7 N, 0.5 N and 0.3 N) on the basis of soil testing nitrogen fertilization (STNF) using MEC or MOF as the basal dressing, and using chemical fertilizers (CF) as the additional dressing on the rest of STNF. These fertilizations were compared to CF 1.0 N (0.3 N as the basal and 0.7 N as the additional dressing) and non fertilization (NF). The leaf area of watermelon in treatment 0.5 N and 0.3 N using MEC or MOF was similar to CF treatment. The absorbed nutrient amounts by leaf, weight and sugar contents of fruit in the 0.5 N and 0.3 N treatments were higher than other treatments. In 0.5 N and 0.3 N treatments using MEC or MOF on the basis of STNF, soil chemical properties such as electrical conductivity (EC), available $P_2O_5$ and exchangeable K concentrations after experiment showed tendency to decreasing or similar level before experiment. CONCLUSION(s): These results suggest that the MEC or MOF application as the basal dressing at the 30~50% level of STNF and CF application as the additional dressing on the rest of STNF be best to maintain adequate nutrient of soil and to increase marketable yield for watermelon.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2010

In this study long term rainfall-runoff model, developed based on SSARR, was applied to Geum river basin and its simulation results of major control points were compared with the corresponding observed channel discharges. The validities of the simulation results were examined with re-measured discharges of those control points. From the above procedure the points showing the unreliable results were found out and its principal causes are analyzed through hydrological inspection of runoff characteristics of their circumstances. Finally the simulation results were modified by the consideration of the effects by small-scale hydraulic structures which could directly affect the channel discharges. As a result the annual runoff simulations of two major points in Geum river basin, Yongdam and Daecheong dam sites, work well. However the low flow simulation of the point located between them, Sutong station, showed more or less the unreliable result. Its causes are considered by means of the hydraulic/hydrological inspection of the corresponding point.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.831-843
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• 2015

This study estimates MODIS-derived evapotranspiration data quality by revised RS-PM algorithm in Seolmacheon test basin. We used latent flux with eddy covariance method to evaluate MODIS-derived spatial evapotranspiration and gap-filled these data by three methods (FAO-PM, MDV and Kalman Filter) and to quantify daily evapotranspiration. Gap-filled daily evapotranspiration data was used to evaluate evapotranspiration computed by revised RS-PM algorithm derived MODIS satellite images. For the water budget analysis, we used soil moisture content that is quantified to average individual soil moisture rate observed by TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) sensor at soil depth. The soil moisture variation is calculated in consideration from initial to final soil moisture content. According to the result of this study, evapotranspiration computed by revised RS-PM algorithm is very larger than eddy covariance data gap-filled by three methods. Also, water budget characteristics is not closed. We could analysis that MODIS-derived spatial evapotranspiration does not represent actual evapotranspiration in Seolmacheon.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.733-739
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• 2004

Model for optimally dimensioned PE film bag was developed according to fruit size to maintain best quality of 'Fuyu' persimmon in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) storage based on relationship between quality and oxygen and carbon dioxide in PE film bag. Harvested persimmons were graded into five sizes, and average weights were LL:261, L:217, M:188, S:168, and SS:154 g. Five fruit units of each grade were optimized in five PE film bag sizes of $150{\times}376,\;140{\times}357,\;130{\times}344,\;130{\times}333,\;and\;120{\times}3l8\;mm$. To minimize quality deterioration such as softening and discoloration, optimal oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in PE film bag were 0.5-1.0 and 6.0-8.0%, respectively, and optimal thickness of PE film bag according to fruit size were LL:45, L:50, M:55, S:60, and $SS:65\;{\mu}m$. For all fruit sizes, model for PE film bag area $(mm^2)$ was good quadratic simple equation by fruit weight (g): $Y=-4055.707+627.993X_1-0.701{X_1}^2$. Model far optimal oxygen and carbon dioxide (Y) concentration in PE film bag was suited to linear multiple equation by fruit weight $(X_1,\;g)$ and PE film thickness $(X_2,\;{\mu}m)$. Equations for oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations (%) were $Y=5.798-0.0109X_l-0.0491X_2\;and\;Y=-2.427+0.01927X_l +0.09646X_2$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.859-865
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• 2011

This study looked into 110 sites of orchard fields to investigate the relationships between the physical and chemical properties of soils, including heavy metal contents, and the topographic characteristics of the fields in Jeonbuk province. The topographic distribution of orchard fields in Jeonbuk province was local valley and fans, hilly and mountains, mountain foot slopes, alluvial plains, diluvium, and fluvio-marine deposits. Forty-six percent (46%) of total orchard fields were located in the hilly and mountains. Soil texture of the local valley and fans was mostly sandy clay loam, and the soil texture of other topographical sites were varied. Bulk density, porosity, and soil hardness were not different among the various topographic sites. The content of plant available water was the highest (19.5%) in the sites of diluvium. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and exchangeable $Mg^{2+}$ content were the highest in the sites of fluvio-marine deposits, whereas the contents of soil organic matter (SOM), available phosphorus, and exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$, $K^+$, and $Na^+$ were not significantly different among the topographic sites. Also, soil pH and SOM content were generally in optimal ranges for the fruit plants in the orchard fields, but other values were mostly higher than those in optimum. In addition, the contents of heavy metals were much lower than the levels of Soil Contamination Warning Standard.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.83-97
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• 2011

In this study, space allocation with an assessment system for improving the function of the ecological use and function of each space was undertaken to suggest appropriate goals and directions. Ogeum Park, used as the study site, is a stronghold green zone located in the fan-shaped area of the Songpa-gu green zone on a 22ha area site. The assessment system for this study consisted of a total of 3 steps: Step 1 includes the division of the spatial block, Step 2 assesses the proper functioning of each spatial block, while Step 3 includes space allocation and presents improvements for function by space. This study performed a basin analysis with the consideration that Ogeum Park is a forest area and divided the site into a total of 8 areas according to how the sections of land are used. The function of wildlife habitat included an analysis of plant ecology(vegetation type, vegetation layer, potential vegetation), animal ecology(wild birds), and waterways. The function of leisure and use included an analysis of gradients, noise, paths, status of use, and status of facilities. The evaluation of the function of habitat sorted items into native vegetation, vegetation diversification, vegetation potential, animal diversification and potential of animal habitats. The results of grading the evaluation scores by space in the function of habitat showed that the Areas IV and VII, which were 90% of the maximum point, were Grade A, Areas II and V were Grade B at 70% and Area I and VI were Grade C at 50%. Areas III and VIII, which were not found to be beyond the standard of 50%, were excluded. The evaluation of the functions of leisure and use classified items into use potential, use preference, use concentration, use diversification and use convenience. The results of the graded evaluation scores by space in use function, showed areas V and VI as Grade A, or 90% of the maximum score. Grade B, 70% of the maximum score, was given to Areas I and VII. Grade C, 50% of the maximum score, included Areas II, IV and VIII. Area III, graded lower the standard of 50%, was excluded. The study evaluated areas according to a common standard, classified spaces by proper functions into ecological spaces, environmentally-friendly use spaces and use spaces according to the standard of spatial distribution on the basis of the above results through a synthesis of grades of habitat function, leisure function and use. This offers ideas for the improvement of wildlife habitat and environment-friendly use functions by space.