• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.643-650
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• 2007

It has been known that Samultang has positive effects on blood circulation and erythrocyte formation. Samultang was composed of four ingredients, Angelica gigas Nikai, Rahmanniae Radix Preparata, Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, and Cnidium officinale Makino. Five types of bread were prepared by replacing water with Samultang for dough proportionally. Control (C) did not have Samultang and the other four experimental bread contained Samultang: S-I (25% of water was substituted by Samultang), S-II (50% substituted), S-III (75% substituted), and S-IV (100% substituted). Moisture, protein, and ash contents of Samultang were $97.34{\pm}0.11%,\;0.42{\pm}0.04%,\;and\;1.40{\pm}0.16%$, respectively. Replacing water with Samultang decreased pH and increased significantly wet gluten content of the dough. Substitution of Samultang for water incremented redness and yellowness of the dough and bread and increased hardness. It also raised the contents of ash and protein. Although it was not significant, in addition, moisture loss of the bread during storage seemed to be lessened by replacing water with Samultang. However, total volume and specific loaf volume of the bread, baking loss rate, and the other textural characteristics except hardness were not affected by substituting water with Samultang. Due to the above results, sensory evaluation of volume and gumminess of the bread were improved significantly by substituting Samultang for water. The bread replaced 25% of the water with Samultang was ranked as the best by the test of sensory evaluation. These results imply that adding Samultang instead of water to dough for bread might bring positive effects on quality characteristics of the bread without any adverse influences. Therefore, it might be worth developing functional bread using Samultang.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.217-234
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• 2005

혈소판 농축 혈장은 구강과 안면부 재건수술에 새로이 사용되는 유용한 첨가물이다. 혈소판은 상처 치유과정에서 매우 중요하며, 혈소판은 상처부위에 빠르게 도달하여 응고를 형성한다. 그리고 다양한 성장인자를 분비한다. 이러한 성장인자는 골의 형성과 혈관의 증가, 골 이식재의 치유에 관여하는 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구의 목적은 실험 동물을 통하여 혈소판 농축 혈장에 함유된 혈소판의 정량화를 통한 성장인자 함유량을 추정하고, 방사선학적, 조직학적 평가를 통해 혈소판 농축 혈장이 초기의 골형성에 미치는 영향에 대한 평가를 하는데 있다. 15마리의 가토 두개골에 6mm trephine bur(외경 8mm)를 이용하여 경뇌막의 손상을 주지 않도록 하면서 4개의 결손부를 형성하였다. 각각의 두개골 결손부는 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$만 이식한 군, PRP만 이식한 군, PRP와 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$를 혼합하여 이식한군, 그리고 아무것도 이식하지 않은 군을 대조군으로 설정하였다. 각각의 재료를 이식한 후 비흡수성 차폐막($Tefgen^{(R)}$)을 위치시키고 흡수성 봉합사로 일차봉합을 시행하였다. 각 군 당 술 후 1, 2, 4주의 치유기간을 설정하였다. 동물을 희생시키고 두개골을 절제하였다. 먼저 방사선학적인 골 밀도 측정을 시행하고, 조직학적 평가를 위해 통법에 따라 조직 표본을 제작한 후 광학현미경으로 관찰하였다. 또한 가토 귀 변연정맥에서 채취한 10 ml의 혈액을 원심분리하여 혈소판 함유량을 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 혈소판 농축 혈장은 일반 혈액에 비해 약 4.02배 많은 수의 혈소판이 함유되어 있었다. 2. 방사선적인 평가에서 1, 2, 4주 사이에 대조군과 비교하여 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$에 PRP를 이식한 군에서 골의 밀도는 큰 차이를 보이고 있다(p<0.01). 하지만, 동일한 시기에 PRP만 이식한 군과 대조군의 차이는 발견할 수 없었으며 (p>0.05), $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$만 이식한 군과 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$에 PRP를 이식한 군의 차이 또한 발견할 수 없었다(p>0.05). 3. 조직학적 평가에서 모든 이식재는 시간이 경과할수록 골 형성이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 대조군에 비해 PRP만 이식한 군에서 더 두꺼운 섬유성 결합을 보이고 있다. 대조군과 PRP만 이식한 군과 비교해 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$와 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$에 PRP를 혼합 이식한 군에서 골의 형성이 더 진행됨을 알 수 있었다. $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$에 PRP를 혼합 이식한 군이 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$만 이식한 군에서보다 더 많은 신생골 형성을 관찰할 수 있다. 이상의 결과에서 가토의 두개골 결손부에 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$에 PRP를 혼합 이식하였을 경우 결손부의 초기 골 형성을 촉진 할 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.199-216
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• 2005

치주치료의 가장 중요한 목적은 상실된 치주조직의 형태적, 기능적 재건이다. 법랑기칠 단백질 유도체(enamel matrix derivative: EMD)는 치주 병소에 사용시 상피세포의 증식을 억제하며 치주인대 및 백악아세포를 활성화시켜 무세포성 백악질 및 치주인대와 골조직의 생성을 유도한다고 보고되고 있다. 또한 법랑기질 단백칠 유도체는 골모세포의 증식 및 분화를 촉진시키며 alkaline phosphatase의 활성 및 mineralized nodule의 형성을 촉진시킨다고 보고되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 토끼 두개골 결손부에 법랑기질 단백질 유도체와 이종골 이식재를 이식한 후 골밀도를 방사선학적으로 분석하고, 신생골 형성 및 주변 조직 반응을 조직학적으로 관찰, 평가하고자 하였다. 토끼 두개골에 6mm trephine bur(외경 8mm)를 이용하여 경뇌막에 손상을 주지 않도록 하면서 4개의 결손부를 형성하였다. 아무것도 이식하지 않은 군을 음성 대조군으로, 이종골 이식재 ($Bio-Oss^{(R)}$, Geistlich, Wolhusen, Switzerland)을 이식한 군을 양성 대조군으로 설정하였다. 법랑기질 단백질 유도체 ($Emdogain^{(R)}$, Biora, Inc., Sweden)만 이식한 군과 법랑기질 단백질 유도체와 이종골 이식재를 혼합하여 이식한 군을 설험군으로 설정하였다. 각각의 재료를 이식한 후 비흡수성 차폐막 ($Tefgen^{(R)}$, Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., U.S.A.)을 위치시키고 흡수성 봉합사로 일차봉합을 시행하였다. 각 군당 술 후 1, 2, 4주의 치유기간을 설정하였다. 동물을 희생시킨 후 두개골을 절제하여 먼저 방사선학적인 골밀도측정을 시행한 후 10% formalin에 고정한 후 통법에 따라 조직표본을 제작하여 광학현미경으로 관찰하였다. 1. 방사선학적인 평가에서 1, 2, 4주에 대조군과 법랑기질 단백질 유도체만 이식한 군과 비교해 이종골 이식재만 이식한 군과 이종골 이식재에 법랑기질 단백질 유도체를 이식한 군에서 더 큰 골의 밀도를 보이고 있었다 (P<0.01). 하지만, 동일한 시기에 대조군과 법랑기질 단백질 유도체만 이식한 군과의 차이는 발견할 수 없었으며 (P>0.05), 이종골 이식재만 이식한 군과 이종골 이식재에 법랑기질 단백질 유도체를 이식한 군의 차이 또한 발견할 수 없었다 (P>0.05). 2. 조직학적인 평가에서 1, 2, 4주에 대조군과 법랑기질 단백질 유도체만 이식한 군과 비교해 이종골 이식재만 이식한 군과 이종골 이식재에 법랑기질 단백질 유도체를 이식한군에서 골의 형성이 더 진행됨을 알 수 있었다. 법랑기질 단백질 유도체만 이식한 군이 대조군보다 2주에서 더 많은 신생골을 볼 수 있었으며, 이종골 이식재에 법랑기질 단백질 유도체를 이식한 군이 이종골 이식재만 이식한 군보다 1, 2주에서 더 많은 신생골을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과에서 법랑기질 단백질 유도체는 토끼 두개골 결손부 치유단계에서 초기 골 형성을 촉진하는 것으로 사료되며 골 이식시에 법랑기질 단백질 유도체를 적용하는 것은 유용한 술식으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.89-99
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• 2005

The golf courses more than about 200 are operating in Korea. From the golf courses, a great amount of turfgrass clippings tend to increase, steadily. Materials used in the experiment were Creeping Bentgrass(CB), Kentucky Bluegrass(KB), Korean Lawngrass(KL), rice bran and composted chicken drop. Treatments are CB, KB, and KL. The temperature during the composting of all treatments increased rapidly and reached at the highest temperature($57.9^{\circ}C$, $67.8^{\circ}C$, $74.3^{\circ}C$) within 20 days, and then stabilized to the range of $35.2{\sim}41.6^{\circ}C$ at the 30th day. The pH values of all treatments decreased on the first day. However, they were increased rapidly after three days and decreased again on 10~20 days. The pH values of all treatments at the final day were stabilized to the low alkali levels. The contents of total carbon during the period of composting tend to decrease and total nitrogen was increased for factor of reduction of volume. CEC value of all treatments during the period of composting tends to increase. The round paper chromatogram of extracted solution of KL sample was the sharpest and clearest among all treatments. The G.I. values of CB, KB, and KL in 30th day of composting were about 95.1, 77.7, and 98.7 in germination test using chinese cabbage, respectively. Conclusively, all turfgrass clippings used in this experiment were composted well, suitable as composting products standardized by KSC. The maturity of the final compost samples is best in KL, followed by CB and KB treatments. The turfgrass compost can contribute to the plant cultivation for environment-friendly farm, and the results of this study can become the basic data of turfgrass clippings compost. Further research on the mixing ratio of each material is required to produce compost of good quality.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2004

Nitrogen ion implantation and ion plating techniques were applied for improvement of the wear resistance of metallic implant materials. In this work, the wear dissolution behaviour of a nitrogen ion implanted super stainless steel (S.S.S, 22Cr-20Ni-6Mo-0.25N) was compared with those of S.S.S, 316L SS and TiN coated 316L SS. The amounts of Cr and Ni ions worn-out from the specimens were Investigated using an electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Furthermore, the Ti(Grade 2) disks were coated with TiN, ZrN and TiCN by use of low temperature arc vapor deposition and the wear resistance of the coating layers was compared with that of titanium. The chemical compositions of the nitrogen ion implanted and nitride coated layers were examined with a scanting auger electron spectroscopy. It wat observed that the metal ions released from the nitrogen ion implanted S.S.S surface were significantly reduced. From the results obtained, it was shown that the nitrogen ion implanted zone obtained with 100 KeV ion energy was easily removed within 200,000 revolutions from a wear dissolution testing under a similar load condition when applied to artificial hip joint. The remarkable improvement in wear resistance weir confirmed by the nitrides coated Ti materials and the wear properties differ greatly according to the chemical composition of the coating layers. for specimens with the same coating thickness of about 3$\mu\textrm{m}$, TiCN coated Ti showed the highest wear resistance. However, after removing the coating layers, the wear rates of all nitrides coated Ti reverted to their normal rates of below 10,000 revolutions from Ti-disk-on-disk wear testing under the same load condition. From the results obtained, it is suggested that the insufficient depth of the 100 Kel N$\^$＋/ ion implanted zone and of the nitrides coated layers of 3$\mu\textrm{m}$ are subject to restriction when used as frictional parts of load bearing implants.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2001

Purpose : To evaluate effect and tolerance of external beam radiotherapy for carcinoma of the prostate and define the optimal radiotherapeutic regimen. Materials and methods : We retrospectively analyzed the records of 60 patients with prostate cancer who were treated with external beam radiotherapy with curative intent in our institution between September, 1987 and March, 2000. Histologic diagnosis was established by transurethral resection or ultrasonography guided biopsy. The major presenting symptoms were a nodule at routine prostatic examination and frequency and urgency of urination, along with dysuria. The median age was 63 years with range of 51 to 87 years. There were 6 patients in Stage A, 20 in Stage 8, 26 in Stage C, and 8 in Stage Dl. All patients were treated with megavoltage equipment producing 10 MV photons. The 4 field pelvic brick technique was used to a dose of 45 Gy or 50.4 Gy at 1.8 Gy per day in 5 to 6 weeks, after which a small boost field was delivered 2.0 Gy per day to a total dose of 66 to 70 Gy. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 8 years. Results : Actuarial 5-year and 7-year survival rates for Stage A, B, C, and D1 were $100\%\;and\;84\%$, $83\%\;and\;72\%$, $67\%\;and\;54\%$, and $v$, respectively. The corresponding 5-year and 7-year relapse free survival rates were $84\%\;and\;84\%$, $77\%\;and\;67\%$, $48\%\;and\;40\%$, and $33\%\;and\;25\%$, respectively. Relapse free 5-year survival rates for Stage B were $80\%,\;80\%,\;and\;50\%$ for well, moderately, and poorly differentiated tumors, respectively. These were $64\%,\;44\%,\;and\;33\%$ for Stage C, respectively. The local control rates at 5 years were $84\%,\;85\%,\;78\%,\;and\;60\%$ for Stage A, B, C, and D1, respectively. Mild to moderate complications were observed in $22\%$ of patients. Severe complications requiring surgical procedures were documented in only $3\%$ of patients. Conclusion : This study confirms that external beam irradiation is an effective and safe treatment for prostatic cancer, providing long-term local control and good survival with acceptable complications.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.101-105
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• 2011

Purpose: Estradiol in the menstrual cycle and ovulation induction as an important test of currently national nuclear medicine laboratory in the normal patients and patients with infertility tests are being performed. For the diagnosis of menopause is an important test with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH). Currently participating in external quality control of the nation's hospitals that is 54 percent of 37 hospitals, 20 hospitals have been using A's reagent. The kit's test results are highly different from other kit comes with the test results of specimens have been found. And for the phenomenon is to study the problem. Materials and Methods: Estraiol test were referred to our hospital which results of samples as more than 100pg/ml 75 specimens measured by radioimmunoassay(RIA) test with company A company B company C company D Kit, Chemiluminescent assay (CMIA) to examine and compare to the results from april to August in 2010. Results: Kit for each manufacturing company as measured by the results obtained using the average value of the correlation coefficient (R2) and A company 0.8906 B 0.9527 C 0.9547 and D company correlation coefficient of 0.873 showed a good correlation that measuring the results of A company high concentrations when Company B Company C Company D with CMIA test concentrations measured low results that the two cases were discovered specimens. Conclusion: Most of the test results of 75 samples came up with a similar trend, but two cases were reported in the patients very differently. A company result reported higher than 700 pg/ml, while the rest of other test results report was approximately 10 pg/ml. The common point of two samples more than 50 years patients are estimated to be diagnosed with cancer in postmenopausal patients receiving treatment and levels of FSH were found to be greater than 50 mIU/ml. Did not identify the exact cause. I suggest if you are using A company kit that need to again check when Estradiol result and follicle stimulating hormone results is higher.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.361-372
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• 2017

Bred and grown around the world, tomato (Solanum spp.) has highly valuable fruits containings various anti-oxidants such as lycopene, flavonoids, glutamine, and ${\beta}-carotene$. Several studies have explored, way in which to enhance the growth, management and quality of tomato, we focus on the management of growth for yield rather than quality. The expression of superior agronomic traits depends on where cultivars are grown. We evaluated 10 cultivars grown in three environment for their lycopene. HTL3137 ($70.48mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$), which was grown in Yoeju in spring/summer, contained the highest lycopene content, while HTL10256 ($20.9mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$), which was grown in Suwon in spring/summer, contain the least lycopene.Correlations between color components and lycopene content varied according to growing location and season. In spring/summer-grown tomatoes from Suwon, no significant correlation was observed between any color component (redness [R], greenness [G], blueness [B], luminosity, $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, hue and chroma) and lycopene content. A correlation was observed between B and lycopene content in tomatoes grown in Yeoju during the same season. In tomatoes grown in Yeoju in fall/winter, significant correlations were found between lycopene content and G, luminosity, $L^*$, and hue. Variance in interactions between genotype, environment, and genotype ${\times}$ environment (G ${\times}$ E) using Minimum Norm Quadratic Unbiased Estimate (MINQUE) analysis indicated that lycopene content depends on genotype (51.33%), environment (49.13%), and G ${\times}$ E (21.43%). However, when the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) was used, the G ${\times}$ E value was highest.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.461-466
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• 2014

Three plant species, Aster sphathulifolius, Sedum oryzifolium, and Lysimachia mauritiana, native to the Dokdo Islands in South Korea, were examined for rhizosphere microorganisms by using 16S rDNA sequences. Nine species of rhizosphere microorganisms were isolated from the three native plant species, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the microorganisms could be classified into 19 species belonging to four phyla (Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria), and the characteristics of the microbes were confirmed. Rhizosphere microorganisms from the six orders (Bacillales, Corynebacteriales, Flavobacteriales, Micrococcales, Oceanospirillales, and Rhodobacterales) were isolated from S. oryzifolium. From L. mauritiana, microbes belonging to the seven orders (Bacillales, Flavobacteriales, Micrococcales, Oceanospirillales, Rhizobiales, and Rhodobacterales) were isolated. From A. sphathulifolius, the six orders of rhizosphere microorganisms (Alteromonadales, Bacillales, Corynebacteriales, Flavobacteriales, Micrococcales, and Rhizobiales) were isolated. These data showed that Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla for the rhizosphere of all three plants. To confirm the bacterial diversity in rhizospheres, Shannon's diversity index (H') was used at the genus level. In these data, the rhizosphere from S. oryzifolium and L. mauritiana had more diverse bacteria compared to that from A. sphathulifolius.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.531-540
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• 2012

In this study, the effect of yam juice on the quality characteristics of the salad dressing was evaluated. Salad dressings were prepared with the salad dressing base (plain yogurt:mayonnaise:fresh cream=8:1:1), mulberry, omija for acidity, and yam for viscosity in the ratios of 4:4:6:1 and 4:4:6:3. Fresh yam juice was added at the level of 0, 7, and 18% of the salad dressing. As the concentration of the yam juice increased, the salad dressing increased in pH and decreased in acidity. The Hunter color L (lightness), b (yellowness) and a (redness) values of the salad dressing decreased as the amount of yam juice increased. The viscosity increased with the amount of yam juice. The total phenol content also increased with the amount of added yam juice. The antioxidant activities such as DPPH and hydroxyl radical activity of the mulberry salad dressing increased as the amount of yam juice was increased. The sensory preference test results showed that the salad dressings with added yam juice had higher scores in the color, flavor, taste and texture in comparison to the control. In the overall preference, the 7% yam juice added salad dressing had the highest score among the treatments. From these results, it was suggested that the salad dressing with the added mulberry, omija for acidity, and yam juice for viscosity was a functional salad dressing with high antioxidant activity.