• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.242-247
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• 2011

A greening phenomenon has been observed in some plant foods such as chestnut, sweet potato, burdock, and others during processing. The formation of the pigments was postulated as reactions of primary amino compounds with chi orogenic acid or caffeic acid ester, yielding acridine derivatives. Acridine derivatives have been regarded as mutagenetic agents. For the reason, the bacterial reverse mutation test was carried out to evaluate the genotoxicity of green pigment using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. Alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glycine, lysine, and phenylalanine were reacted repectively with chlorogenic acid to synthesize model compound. Green pigment was extracted from sweet potato. Maximum concentration of 2 and 50 mg/plate was tested for the synthetic green pigments and extracted green pigment respectively, taking bacterial survival, solubility, and color intensity into consideration. There was no signigicant increase in the reverse mutation either with or without S9 activation system by any test material. Though further studies with other genotoxicity test system are necessary, both synthetic and sweet potato green pigments seemed not to cause mutation despite the acridine moiety in their structures.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.225-230
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• 2008

We investigated the effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the removal of astringency and overall quality of astringent persimmons (Diospyros kaki T. cv. Miryangbansi). Persimmons were packaged in 0.08, 0.10, or 0.12 mm low-density polyethylene film and then stored at $0^{\circ}C$ for up to 100 days. Concentrations of $O_2$ and $CO_2$ in the packaging maintained lower and higher as the film thickness increased Weight loss was strongly retarded by all three MAP films. Soluble tannin content decreased as the film thickness increased. The astringency of persimmons disappeared after 60-70 days in 0.12 mm film, after 80 days in 0.10 mm film, but did not disappear after 100 days in 0.08 mm film Loss of flesh firmness and decline in external appearance were slower in persimmons in 0.08 and 0.10 mm films than in those in 0.12 mm film. Our results show that 0.10 mm LDPE films can be effective for maintaining the quality and removal of the astringency of astringent persimmons.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.199-208
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to compare the vegetation structure in complementary forests of villages between Korea and China. For this study, Jinan in Korea and Qingzhou in China were selected through a pre-survey about the representative regions of both countries. The main research method used was field study. A comparative analysis between the two regions was performed by a frequency analysis of the surveyed data. The data obtained in the study shows the vegetation structure in complementary forests of villages in the two regions have many differences which are related to the local culture. As a result, it was identified that the average number of species was the same at 2.9 and the average number of trees, total number of trees, and tree density in Qingzhou were considerably greater than those in Jinan. Also, it was identified that tree height, average breadth height diameter and crown width in Jinan were considerably greater than those in Qingzhou. Furthermore, it was identified that both the forest state and the principal species of tree are both very different according to the different cultures. Through this identification, it is considered that this study will be helpful in establishing policy direction in both countries about the restoration and management of complementary forests.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 1984

The purpose of the experiment was to clarify morphologically normal growth pattern of male reproductive organ in heavy meat breed rooster. The observations were composed of normal growth in weight of whole body, comb, testis and pituitary glands and of hi

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2003

PURPOSE: To asess the ability of FDG PET for the detection of bone marrow infiltration compared to iliac crest biopsy in patients with lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-three patients (30 females and 43 males, mean age of 47 years old) with malignant lymphoma (4 Hodgkin's disease, HD and 69 Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, NHL) were included. FDG PET was performed for staging in 53 patients and to assess treatment response after the completion of chemotherapy in 20 patients. Final conclusions were based on biopsy, other imaging studies, or clinical follow-up. RESULTS: There were 54 (74%) of the 73 patients in whom FDG PET and iliac crest biopsy were concordant. Forty-seven of the 54 patients showed concordant negative results while the remaining 7 patients had concordant positive results. Of 19 patients with discordant results, FDG PET accurately detected bone marrow infiltration in 6 patients with negative iliac crest biopsy. On the contrary, iliac crest biopsy identified bone marrow infiltration in 12 or the 19 patients. In remaining one of the 19 patients with discordant results, iliac crest biopsy was true negative but FDG PET was falsely positive. CONCLUSION: FDG PET seems to be an adjunct in detecting marrow infiltration that may not be revealed by iliac crest biopsy at staging. For the assessment of treatment roponse, it may be less helpful than biopsy in detecting microscopic residual disease in the bone marrow.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.332-340
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• 2016

Sunken ships cause damage to the environment due to the dispersal of fuel oil and harmful cargo goods in the hull. Since the sunken ship is mostly flooded by the seabed, it tends to be in a relatively stable condition. However, the heavy body, together with the load of remaining goods in the cargo hold, the constant contact with the seabed, and ocean currents and tidal waves, can affect dispersal of residual fuel oils out of the sunken ship. Corrosion of the sunken ship starts upon sinking, decreasing the thickness of the hull structure and sub-materials. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the structural stability against the potential breakdown of the sunken ship. Whilst evaluating the danger of the sunken ship, this result should be reflected in 'the possible discharge'. This study was undertaken to suggest a procedure for a step by step evaluation to assess the structural stability a sunken ship. The structural stability assessment to estimate the collapsibility of the hull was structure targeted at the sunken ship 'No. 7 HaeSung', which was classified as the prime example for the intensive management of sunken ships. This study was undertaken to suggest a procedure for a step by step evaluation to assess the structural stability a sunken ship and to propose a method to conduct a structural safety assessment that estimates the collapsibility of the hull by targeting the sunken ship 'No. 7 HaeSung',which was classified as the prime example for the intensive management of sunken ships. The collapsibility of the hull structure was estimated Based on the damage size of the hull structure, and the corrosion rate of the hull structure and sub-materials due to the seawater after sinking. It was confirmed that there was a low possibility of the total destruction of the hull structure at the current time. However, there is a high possibility in the potential failure of the hull structure due to increased rate of corrosion thereafter. Therefore, we believe continuous study on influence of corrosion and marine environment change to sunken ship's structural safety is necessary.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.849-858
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of addition of citron peel powder(0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%) on the quality characteristics of emulsion-type sausages. The pH, color, TBARS, residual nitrite content and textural properties were evaluated. The pH values of sausage containing citron peel powder were significantly(P<0.05) lower compared to those for control. The CIE $L^*$ and $a^*$ values of sausage containing citron peel powder tended to similar to control, but the CIE $b^*$ values were significantly(p<0.05) higher in the sausage containing citron peel powder. The TBARS values of sausage containing 0.9% citron peel powder were significantly(P<0.05) lower than those of control at 20, 40 and 60 days of storage. The residual nitrite content of sausage containing citron peel powder were significantly(P<0.05) lower compared to control. The hardness values of sausage containing citron peel powder were significantly(P<0.05) higher than those of control, but the cohesiveness, springiness and gumminess were significantly(P<0.05) lower in the sausage containing citron peel powder.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.345-353
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• 1994

Litter production and decomposition were investigated for 2 years in the oak, Quercus acutissima, and the pitch pine, Pinus rigida, stands in the vicinity of Kongju, Chungnam Province. Litter production was measured with litter trap at monthly basis. Litterbag method was used for the measurement of litter decomposition. Litter producion continued throughout the year, but showed a peak in autumn. Second peak in May or June was caused by falling of bud scales and reproductive organs. Average litter production in the oak and the pitch pine stands were $567.1g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}yr^{-1}\;and\;653.2g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, respectively. Litter production in this study area were higher than those in other reports. Nutrient concentrations in litter were the highest in summer when the least litter production occurred, and the lowest in autumn when the greatest litter production occurred, except for calcium in the oak stand. Nutrient concentrations of the oak litter were higher than those in the pitch pine litter. After 1 year, % remaining mass of oak and pitch pine litter was 43.6% and 58%, respectively. After 21 months elapsed, % remaining mass of oak and pitch pine litter was 22.2% and 33.2%, respectively.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.180-186
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• 2014

One or two mesiodens are mostly common to the clinician. However, three mesiodens is rarely found and can cause complications such as orthodontic problems or interruptions of the adjacent teeth with more than 1 or 2 mesiodens. Many factors cause irregularities in the permanent dentition. Mesiodens, especially in the anterior maxilla, can disturb the eruption of adjacent permanent teeth and cause diastemas, ectopic eruptions, root resorption, or the formation of dentigerous cysts. The early diagnosis of mesiodens is important for preventing such complications, and the timing of intervention should be based on their location and number. Periodic checkups and improved diagnostic devices make it easy to find mesiodens and associated complications. In this case, 3 supernumerary teeth in the maxillary anterior region were affecting the eruption of the adjacent permanent incisors. To minimize complications and preserve the deciduous teeth, the three supernumerary teeth were extracted in 2 steps. Since cone-beam computed tomography was not available, a brace wire was used to measure the depth of the mesiodens.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.193-204
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• 2017

Fatigue strength of temporary steels and painted structural steels corroded under outdoor atmospheric environments is not clear. In this study, fatigue tests were carried out on steel plates which were cut off from 7-year-old temporary structural member under subway construction environment and from 75-year-old Yeongdo bridge member under marine atmospheric environment. After removing corrosion production on the steel surface, 3-dimensional surface geometry of the corroded steel was measured at intervals of $1.0{\times}1.0mm$, and corrosion characteristics such as minimum, maximum and mean values of residual thicknesses were calculated. From the fatigue test and FEM analysis results, the relationship between corrosion characteristics and fatigue behavior was presented, and change in fatigue strength of the unpainted and painted steels corroded in outdoor environments was also presented.