• Title/Summary/Keyword: 작업 기억

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Effect of tDCS Stimulation for Improving Working Memory on Stroke Patients' EEG Variation (작업기억의 향상을 위한 tDCS 자극이 뇌졸중 환자의 뇌파변화에 미치는 영향)

  • Bae, Si-Jeol;Jeong, Woo-Sik;Lee, Hong-Gyun;Kim, Kyung-Yoon
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.12 no.7
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    • pp.261-272
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted so as to examine which change tDCS (Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation) for improving working memory can make on the EEC of stroke patients. Among the patients who suffered for more than 6 months by hemiparalysis caused by stroke, 20 patients selected by MMSE and DST were randomly divided into I group (10 patients) fulfilled by only CCT and II group (10 patients) fulfilled by both tDCS and CCT for total 4 weeks, 30 minutes per a day, three times per a week. For examining EEC variation, the absolute spectrum power was calculated by three bands (${\theta}$; 4~8 Hz, lower ${\alpha}$; 8~10.5 Hz, upper ${\alpha}$;10.5~13 Hz) during the task of words, photos and mental calculation with EEC test, before the arbitration, after 2 weeks and after 4 weeks, so the rate of increase and decrease (%) for the reference EEC was obtained. As the results, the first, particular aspects different one another in three bands were detected according to the measuring period and task. The second, in the forth week, there was only a significant difference in lower ${\alpha}$-power of all tasks. Therefore, through the procedure measuring EEC of this study, the degree of working memory's damage can be expressed by numerical value and tDCS should be additionally helpful for brain damaged patients' perception rehabilitation.

Influence of Erythropoiesis Factors, BDNF, Cognitive Function and Working Memory by Intensity Aerobic Exercise in Middle Aged Women (강도별 유산소운동이 중년여성의 적혈구생성인자, BDNF와 인지기능, 작업기억에 미치는 영향)

  • Cho, Won-Je
    • 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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    • v.54 no.1
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    • pp.553-566
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    • 2015
  • This study was performed to identify the effects of different intensities of regular aerobic exercise on erythropoietin (EPO) and BDNF levels, and cognitive function and working memory in middle-aged women. Women aged 40 to 60 years residing in G-gu, Y-si, Gyeonggi-do were divided into 3 groups: control group, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise group and high-intensity aerobic exercise. All groups were asked to exercise at the given intensities, twice a week for a total of 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected from participants on week 0 (before exercising), week 6 and week 12, and then cognitive function and working memory tests were followed to measure erythropoietin (EPO) and BDNF levels, cognitive function and working memory. Repeated measures ANOVA, univariate analysis and follow-up test were performed on all data to compare the group, period and interaction through a SPSS. As a result, a significant difference over time was observed in EPO, BDNF, cognitive function and working memory; therefore, a follow-up one-way ANOVA analysis was performed on each group. As a result of analysis, a significant increase in erythrocyte, hematocrit, BDNF level and working memory was observed in moderate-intensity aerobic exercise group while erythrocyte and working memory were significantly increased inhigh-intensity aerobic exercise group. When comparing the results between the groups, the level of hematocrit was shown to be significantly higher in both moderate-and high-intensity aerobic group than the control group and also the higher level of hemoglobin was observed in both moderate-and high-intensity aerobic group comparing to control group. Considering the results of this study, therefore, a 12-week long aerobic exercise at moderate to high intensity positively affected EPO and BDNF levels, cognitive function and working memory in middle-aged women.

Clinical Utility of Visualized Memory Training Program Using the Picture Book for Mild Dementia (경도치매 환자를 위한 그림책 활용 시각화 기억훈련 프로그램의 임상 유용성 연구)

  • Ju, Yumi
    • Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.146-152
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    • 2021
  • This study aims to develop a protocol for the visualized memory training program using the picture book and evaluate its clinical utility. A total of 5 sessions were conducted for 5 elderly people with mild dementia. Rey-Kim II, GDS-Short, word test were conducted to observe its effectiveness before and after the program. As a results overall memory was improved but was not statistically significant. Overall depression was also improved and statistically significant. The effect of word memory varies depending on individuals' degenerative conditions. In conclusion, the visualized memory training program using the picture book is effective in improving the memory to some extent and had an emotional effect of reducing depression in mild dementia. In the future it is necessary to research its effects in larger population.

Amnesia ; The Incense (기억상실 ; 향)

  • Kim, eunjung
    • Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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    • 2017.05a
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    • pp.317-318
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    • 2017
  • 본 작품은 2014년 11월 초연된 "러시안 알코올"에 움직임을 추가하여 재구성한 작품이다. "러시안 알코올"에서 사용된 소형프로젝트를 활용한 영상작업, 음악리서치, 인터렉션 과정은 삭제하고 기존 작품 영상으로 대체하였다. 본 작품은 장례식에서 접할 수 있는 향들이 망자와의 추억을 잃어가는 과정에 미치는 영향을 설치작품 형식으로 시각화하고 이 향들을 관객이 직접 맡게하여 유사한 기억을 떠올리도록 하였다.

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A Review of the Debates between Fixed-Resolution Slot and Flexible-Resource Models (시각작업기억 표상에 대한 고정해상도 슬롯 모형과 탄력적 자원 모형 사이의 쟁점에 대한 개관)

  • Hyun, Joo-Seok
    • Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.453-481
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    • 2015
  • The presnt study reviewed two contrasting models, fixed-resolution slot versus flexible-resource hypotheses, for the representational characteristics of visual working memory (VWM), and emphasized the necessary efforts for resolving their conflicting arguments. To accomplish this goal, the review explored the background hypotheses of the object-based versus parallel independent storage models, and introduced theoretical bases for their contrasting claims. The review then evaluated validity of empirical evidence provided in the studies to support each model, and attempted an understanding of their neurophysiological background. The study further emphasized the necessity of theoretical and methodological reconsiderations to resolve their conflict as well as the necessity of obtaining converging pieces of evidence to accomplish the resolution.

How is the inner contour of objects encoded in visual working memory: evidence from holes (물체 내부 윤곽선의 시각 작업기억 표상: 구멍이 있는 물체를 중심으로)

  • Kim, Sung-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.355-376
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    • 2016
  • We used holes defined by color similarity (Experiment 1) and binocular disparity (Experiment 2) to study how the inner contour of an object (i.e., boundary of a hole in it) is encoded in visual working memory. Many studies in VWM have shown that an object's boundary properties can be integrated with its surface properties via their shared spatial location, yielding an object-based encoding benefit. However, encoding of the hole contours has rarely been tested. We presented objects (squares or circles) containing a bar under a change detection paradigm, and relevant features to be remembered were the color of objects and the orientation of bars (or holes). If the contour of a hole belongs to the surrounding object rather than to the hole itself, the object-based feature binding hypothesis predicts that the shape of it can be integrated with color of an outer object, via their shared spatial location. Thus, in the hole display, change detection performance was expected to better than in the conjunction display where orientation and color features to be remembered were assigned to different parts of a conjunction object, and comparable to that in a single bar display where both orientation and color were assigned into a single bar. However, the results revealed that performance in the hole display did not differ from that in the conjunction display. This suggests that the shape of holes is not automatically encoded together with the surface properties of the outer object via object-based feature binding, but encoded independently from the surrounding object.

Analysis of Working Memory for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Children using fMRI (주의력결핍 과잉행동성장애(ADHD) 아동의 작업기억 과제 수행 시 fMRI 분석)

  • Lee, Yong-Ki;Ahn, Sung-Min
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.14 no.12
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    • pp.854-862
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    • 2014
  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) students' intellctual defects, learning problems, and poor academic achievements seem to be due to significantly lower intelligence compared to the normal students, but rather the characteristic of inability to pay attention at a given time can be seen as the more attributing reason. In this study, a comparison between the ADHD students and the normal students will be performed using a fMRI analysis in order to differentiate the brain function between the two groups during a working memory task performance and to assess the difference in the activated regions of the brain. Clinical survey examinations and fMRI measurements were performed for a group of 26 elementary students from the Incheon area. The stimulus of fMRI was a working memory. Cartography statistically analyzed parameters and the Statistical Package of Social Sciences using single-sample t-test, two-sample t-test, were analyzed by multiple regression analysis, the statistical significance level was p<0.05 in, respectively. The disproportionate developments could be seen in the ADHD students group such as the frontal cortex, parietal cortex, thalamus, and caudate nucleus, among others. In addition, as some students felt the increase in the difficulty of working memory task performance, the orbitofrontal cortex and the hippocampus were activated, which seems to be the result of an effort for looking for an answer. More types of ADHD students needs to be secured as research subjects, and more stimulations for fMRI experiments should be considered as it would be useful in the overall evaluation of brain function.

INHIBITION, PLANNING, AND WORKING MEMORY IN CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (주의력 결핍 과잉행동 장애 아동의 억제능력, 계획능력, 그리고 작업기억 능력)

  • Kim, Gui-Ae;Kim, Sang-Heop;Hong, Chang-Hee;Lee, Myoung-Ju
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.82-90
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    • 2004
  • Objectives:The study was performed to compare the executive function(EF;Inhibition, Planning and Working memory) between ADHD and normal group, and to controll the effect of age and intelligence. And the function of inhibition was assessed in two dimensions(cognitive inhibition and motor inhibition). Methods:K-WISC III and EF test(Go-No-Go, Stroop test, Tower of Hanoi, Digit) was administered to both 25 children with ADHD and 25 normal control participants, all aged between 7 and 12. The results were analyzed after statistically controlled for age and intelligence. Results:Children in the ADHD group had significantly lower IQ score than those in the control group and consistent relations were found between the child's age and the study's major variables. Once IQ and age were controlled, results indicated that children with ADHD had deficit only cognitive inhibition and motor inhibition. There was no significant difference in planning and working memory. Conclusion:These results suggested that specific deficits in inhibition control rather than general EF deficits are associated with ADHD. So inhibition is the core problem of children with ADHD. Thus, the therapeutic approach focused on cognitive inhibition and motor inhibition is required.

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Effects of Cognitive Load on the Division of Labor: Working Memory and the Joint Simon Effect (인지 부하가 분업에 미치는 영향: 작업기억과 결합 사이먼 효과)

  • Kim, Hyojeong;Lee, Jaeyoon;Yi, Do-Joon
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.11-22
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    • 2022
  • As social beings, we need to understand others' actions as quickly and accurately as possible. Action understanding can occur at many levels. We sometimes grasp others' intentions unintentionally. Other times, however, we have to expend effort to draw inferences about their goals. In the context of joint action, the joint Simon effect demonstrates that actors are influenced by the unintended representation of a co-actor's actions. This effect has been described as quasi-automatic, but it is unclear if the effect is automatic enough to be immune to cognitive load. Thus, we asked participants to complete a joint Simon task with or without a concurrent working memory task. One group of participants maintained a single digit in their mind during working memory load blocks (low-load group), while the other group maintained five digits (high-load group). As a result, the low-load group showed a joint Simon effect both during no-load and low-load blocks. In contrast, the high-load group had no joint Simon effect during either no-load or high-load blocks. These results suggest that the joint Simon effect is not an automatic phenomenon given that it requires cognitive resources. Actors in a joint task may represent a co-actor's actions in their task set, but only when cognitive resources are available.

A study on Influencing Factors of Knowledge Creation focus on Transactive Memory (지식성장의 영향요인에 관한 연구-분산기억중심으로)

  • Liu, Chang;Kim, Sang Wook
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.1073-1083
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    • 2015
  • As an empirical study focused on how transactive memory concept influence the four processes of knowledge growth, this study aimed at explaining the function of transactive memory in the dynamic process of knowledge growth. To verify the research model, this study carried out a path analysis of 130 team memebers and as a result, part of the team transactive memory measurements does affect the knowledge growth. Consequentially, transactive memory especially based on team level, is relevant with knowledge growth. According to team level, this study targeted at the team members, and by adopting the team transactive memory concept in Cognitive Psycology, theoretically explained and analysed how to approach personal knowledge in internal organizations. To accelerate the knowledge process, the work should be modified collaboratively by trusting the team members' duty relations more than specialized knowledge. Furthermore, managers had better assign team members the work where they can make the most of their personal knowledge, and this study presented that the whole team performance could be improved by doing that.