• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to interpret the landscape of Soyojeong, Taegeojeong, Chungeuijeong and Chwihanjeong in the Ongnyucheon region of the Changdeokgung Palace by analyzing the landscape elements using the pavilion's hanging couplets. Next, the landscape elements would be classified and interpreted by the Tang dynasty poet named Wang Changnyeong(王昌齡, 698-757) who put forward the range of aesthetics. According to the three kinds of classified boundaries, the results were as follows. First, the characteristics of the 'Wujing(物境)' described at spring dawn or in the moonlit night when the rain stopped, dew condensed, blooming flowers were in the quiet garden, fishes were drawn from the pond, and golden ogres sung in a dense pine forest. Second, the characteristics of 'Qingjing(情境)' described the emperor who held a grand ceremony: he sat in the jade throne, red curtains and gorgeous fans are propped up etc. All of these were used to praise the reign of a stable and peaceful nation. Third, the characteristics of 'Yijing(意境)' mainly described the Ongnyucheon region's scenery as an immortal world where people can experience and reach a high spiritual realm such as the 'integrated as one(物我一體)'.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.2
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• pp.309-316
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to conduct a visitor survey which provides demographical characteristics, a profile of the characteristic, travel behavior in different forest trails; Bukhansan trail, Uljin trail, Jirisan trail. Bukhansan trail (second course) is about 3 km and many visitors are nearby residents for the walking. Uljin trail is 80 km, especially conducting visitor reservation guide system and most visitors are 30s and 50s. Jirisan trail is total 209.3 km (a total of 17 courses), networking regional trail routes and was most popular between the ages of 20 and 39. The results showed that Bukhansan trail was used for light walking course, and visitors preferred health related activities. In Uljin trail, visitors expected trekking with nature-based activities and visitors of Jirisan trail seemed to prefer trekking and request more trail's walkability than other trail users.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.444-457
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• 2001

Present work aims to analyse the spatio-temporal distribution of Korean bamboos. The northern limit of Korean bamboo species occurs at Baekryung Island(124°10'E, 37°55'N), Hoochang(41°22'N) and Myungchon(129°41\`E, 41°10'N). The presence of bamboo fossils in Korea dates back from Tertiary, but widespread use of bamboos can be noticed since 1454. Reconstructed ranges and temporal changes of bamboo, based upon the eight historical records from 15th to 20th centuries, indicates that both climatic and anthropogenic factors were responsible for the changes of distributional range. The spread of bamboos was balanced by its disappearance due to regional development, and the total bamboo area showing little change. Due to the tendency to spread extensively by means of underground stems, bamboos often invade adjacent forests and disturb natural vegetation. Proper management and conservation strategies, therefore, are required for the maintenance of rural landscape.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.337-341
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• 2014

The changes in the area and standing crop of forests and the understory vegetation structure of various plantations were investigated by literature survey to predict the changes in the structure of forest ecosystems of the Korean Peninsula in the future. The greater part of forest was severely destroyed in 1950's in the Korean Peninsula. The forest standing crop has been dramatically increasing since the nationwide plantation was actively performed in 1970's and 1980's in the Republic of Korea. The area of forest was incessantly decreased at the rate of $5,500ha\;yr^{-1}$. The results of regression analysis on the changes in forest standing crop of the Republic of Korea showed that the forest might approach to the maturity stage in around 2150. It was predicted that the potential natural vegetation of Quercus mongorica, Fraxinus rhynchophyllus, Prunus sargentii, etc. would establish in the plantations of Larix leptolepsis, Pinus koraiensis and Robinia pseudoacacia in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2001

'The Ecological Forest' in Youido Park was intended to be an artificial forest in urban center, following the form of natural forests in central Korea. This study was to investigate the planting plan and the vegetation change of 'the Ecological Forest' and to compare it with natural forests of similar plant composition. The natural forests had slopes between $12^{\circ}$ and $21^{\circ}$, whereas 'the Ecological Forest' had slopes between $2^{\circ}$ and $6^{\circ}$. It was unlikely that the slope condition was adequate to show 'toposequence succession' at 'the Ecological Forest'. The soil bulk density and soil hardness of 'the Ecological Forest' were higher than those of the natural forests. The soil pH of 'the Ecological Forest' was 7.45, which was greater than that of the natural forests. There were some changes in plant composition and amounts 2 years after the construction : the number of conifers was reduced from 383 to 338 ; the number of deciduous trees was reduced from 4717 to 1158. It was because of the young trees dead in the sub-tree layer. The herbaceous species planted were 14 families, 31 species, which increased to 37 families, 93 species after 2 years. In case of horizontal structure of vegetation, trees and shrubs were distributed evenly in the natural forests, whereas 'the Ecological Forest' showed uneven distribution with higher total density. In case of vertical structure of vegetation, the natural forests had distinctive layers with dominant species distributed in each layers. In 'the Ecological Forest', however, dominant species were only in tree layer. The natural forests had greater average tree height, tree density, however, and basal area than 'the Ecological Forest'. The results showed that there were some differences in the structure between 'the Ecological Forest' and natural forests. The management plan should be applied in order that the natural condition be restored in 'the Ecological Forest' by competition between plant species and natural processes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.78-91
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• 2022

The importance of emotional intelligence education in the development of children's augmented reality education content is overlooked. Therefore, in-depth research is needed to develop children's emotional intelligence. This study was conducted through theoretical consideration and case analysis. The proposal of this paper is that the augmented reality type for children aged 2 to 7 is suitable for indoor activities with marking recognition technology. To promote an understanding of emotions, a large screen is selected, and emoticon dolls or emoticon books are recommended for learning content. Children aged 7 to 11 are suitable for indoor activities of non-marker recognition technology, and can induce emotional control and emotional recognition through active manipulation. For the learning content, "3D art teaching content" and "Online Classic Musical" are recommended. Children after the age of 11 are suitable for non-marker recognition technology outdoor activities and improve each element of emotional intelligence through interaction with nature and society. For the learning content, 'Forest Play Activity through Art' and 'EQ Theater Play' are recommended. Through this paper, we intend to promote the development of children's augmented reality emotional intelligence education.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.185-193
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• 2023

The purpose of the study was to analyze the narrative meaning of the peritext in the picture-book of 『The Legend of Pat-bing-su』. For the purpose, based on the narrative components proposed by Nam and Kim, the narrative meanings of the peritext were analyzed. As the results, the peritexts of 『The Legend of Red Pat-bing-su』 include basic information of the title, author's name, and publication information, and physical elements of hard cover binding with matte rectangular paper that matches the narrative, which support prior understanding of the narratives. In addition, the peritext components such as covers, endpapers, title page, and copyright page lead readers to predict or expand narratives components to predict, expand, or transform the narrative, and provide additional information for understanding plots or genres.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2023

Academic interest in the educational value of picturebooks for children and the narrative importance of peritexts have been increased. This study was conducted with the purpose of presenting the components for analyzing the picturebook peritext. To this end, the components of the peritext used in 11 previous studies that analyzed the peritext of picturebooks were comprehensively reviewed. Looking at the results of the study, the components used in previous studies were largely categorized into four categories, and according to the characteristics of the components within each category, they were classified into 'basic information', 'physical elements', 'positional elements', and 'content elements.' The first category, 'basic information,' includes the title, authors' name, publication information, award information, and dedication/acknowledgment, laudatory comment. The second category, 'physical elements,' includes the format, book binding, and quality of material. The third category, 'positional elements,' includes cover(front cover, back cover, spine), endpaper, title page, copyright page, dust jacket and belly band. The fourth category, 'content elements,' includes text, illustration, typography, layout and page shape. Through the results of this study, it is expected that research on the analysis and utilization of various picturebooks will be activated.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.677-683
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• 2023

The purpose of the study was to estimate the trajectories of elementary school adjustment in grades 1 through 4. For the purpose, the Korean Children's Panel data were analyzed using potential growth model and the growth mixture model. As the result, the linear model was selected as the optimal model. The four potential groups were derived as trajectories: high-level maintenance, low-level maintenance, low-level increase, and high-level decrease. In terms of group distribution, the most children were in high-level maintenance group and then low-level maintenance, low-level increase, and high-level decrease in order. Based on the findings that trajectories of elementary school adjustment changes as children growth, we suggest that schools and families need to carefully investigate and support their school adjustment in individual levels.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.581-587
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the change trajectory and latent class types of self-esteem in first to fourth grade elementary school students. For the purpose, the Korean Children's Panel data were analyzed using potential growth model and the growth mixture model. As the results, the linear change model was selected as the most appropriate model. The change trajectory was found to increase slightly as the grade increased. In addition, four latent class groups were derived through: 'high level-maintenance,' 'low level-increase,' 'high level-decrease,' and 'low level-maintenance.' Most children were in the 'high level-maintenance' group, followed by 'high level-decrease,' 'low level-increase,' and 'low level-maintenance' groups. Therefore, based on the results of the study, we suggest that educational institutions and local communities pay attention to trends in elementary school students' self-esteem and provide appropriate support for students in each class.