• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.89-105
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• 2014

This study investigated the effects of a brief Loving-Kindness and Compassion Meditation(20 minutes) on compassionate love and altruism of undergraduate students. Among the 187 students who were completed the KIIP-SC, 35 of high scored students in Interpersonal Problem Scale were randomly assigned to one of two different groups: Loving-Kindness and Compassion Meditation group(LCM, n=19) and Imagery Trainning group(IT, n=16). During the 20 minutes of practice, LCM group was asked to practice loving-kindness and compassion meditation and IT group was asked to investigate personal characteristics of the imagined people who were same as LCM. Compassionate love, four immeasurebles, two kind of altruistic behaviors, and mood states were measured pre- and post-treatment. LCM group showed significantly higher incremental scores for compassionate love, donation for strange person, and helping behaviors for friends, for close person, and for stranger than IT group. Negative and positive mood states were improved for each of the groups, but there was no significant differences between groups. The results suggested that the comparatively short practice of loving-kindness and compassion meditation could increase altruistic attitudes and intentions toward other persons. And, these effects could not be attributed to mood effects. Limitations of this study and the directions of further research were discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.578-587
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine differences in mental health indices such as self-compassion, trait anxiety, and depression, and color preference based on Sasang Constitution type. This study also explored the relationships among self-compassion, trait anxiety, and depression. 205 adults were surveyed for participants of this study. A Two-Step Questionnaire (TS-QSCD) was conducted to diagnose Sasang Constitution such as Tae-yangin, Tae-yinin, So-yangin, and So-yinin. Also, scales for self-compassion, trait anxiety, depression level, and color preference were utilized for measures. The results showed that among Sasang Constitutional groups, Ta-yangin had a higher level of self-compassion and lower trait anxiety than So-yinin. Furthermore, in relationships among mental health indices, trait anxiety and depression tendency were lower with higher self-compassion. No significant differences were revealed in depression level and color preference based on Sasang constitution. Finally, implications of this study for mental health were suggested and limitations were discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.579-589
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• 2021

The study is to verify the mediating effect of self-compassion in the relationship between abandonment anxiety and relationship addiction. To this end, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 250 men and women in early adulthood, using the scales of abandonment anxiety, self-compassion, and relationship addiction, of which 237 were used for the final analysis. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were performed using the SPSS 21.0 program, and mediating effects were confirmed using the PROCESS macro. The results of the study are as follows. First, abandonment anxiety showed negative correlation with self-compassion, and positive correlation with relationship addiction. Self-compassion showed negative correlation with relationship addiction. Second, in the relationship between abandonment anxiety and relationship addiction, self-compassion showed a partial mediating effect. Through this study, the relationship between abandonment anxiety and relationship addiction and the effectiveness of self-compassion to manage it were confirmed. Based on the results of this study, the significance and limitations of this study and suggestions for subsequent studies were presented.

• Korean journal of psychology:General
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.325-358
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• 2017

We employed meta-analysis to identify associations between self-compassion and various psychological variables using Korean literature. Various psychological variables were categorized by mutual consent of researchers who referred to the relative previous researches and hand books of psychology. We gathered 114 dissertations and journal articles published in Korea until now, including a total of 423 effect sizes, and calculated mean effect sizes using CMA2. We found large effect sizes for the relationships between self-compassion and positive psychological variables group of r = .45, and between self-compassion and negative psychological variables group of r = -.44. In addition, sub forms of positive psychological variables group and negative psychological variables group had statistically significant relationships with self-compassion. According to the results, we determined that self-compassion is an important explanatory and meaningful variable in understanding psychology of Korean. This study could help explore and develop the evidence for self-compassion in psychology.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.221-230
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between job stress, life satisfaction, burnout, and self-compassion. A survey was conducted in February 2018 for employees working at the Korea Legal Protection and Welfare Agency, and 213 data were included in the final analysis. A structural model was developed to examine the relationships between the variables used in this study, and the model-fit and mediating effects of the developed model were examined using SPSS and AMOS. For this study, the Korean occupational stress scale, life satisfaction scale, Maslach burnout inventory, and Korean self-compassion scale were used. We found that self-compassion is fully mediated between job stress and life satisfaction and between job stress and burnout. Also, life satisfaction is partially mediated between self-compassion and burnout. These results mean that self-compassion has significant effects on job stress, life satisfaction, and burnout. In particular, the mediating effect of self-compassion shows the vicious cycle of high job stress - low self-compassion - low life satisfaction - high burnout. Based on these results, the future implications of program development based on self-compassion strategies were discussed in order for workers in correctional facilities to decrease job stress and burnout and increase life satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3714-3724
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• 2014

A structured group program was implemented to facilitate mindfulness and self-compassion through a short meditation practices and its effects on the emotional well-being of counseling psychology students at a cyber university were observed. The participants attended a 4-week group program. Twenty-five total participants completed pre- and post-treatment measures of depression, psychological well-being, positive and negative emotions, mindfulness, and self-compassion. This program could provide a useful experiential introduction to mindfulness and self-compassion training for counseling undergraduate psychology students. Future studies should address the effects of practice on the mindfulness and self-compassion in larger student groups exposed to a range of stressful situations.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.63-74
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop a structural model to investigate the causal relationship between job stress, depression, life satisfaction, and self-compassion. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 314 practitioners working at D metropolitan offices of education affiliated counselors. The model fit and mediating effects between variables were tested using AMOS. This study found that self-compassion had a direct effect on depression and life satisfaction, and self-compassion mediated between job stress and depression as well as job stress and life satisfaction. Also, depression mediated between self-compassion and life satisfaction. These results showed the vicious cycle that individuals with high levels of job stress are more likely to experience lower levels of self-compassion, higher levels of depression, and lowers level of life satisfaction. This study discussed the strategy to reduce the stress and depression, improve the life satisfaction.

• The Korean Journal of Coaching Psychology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.91-116
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• 2023

This study aims to investigate the differences in burnout, emotional labor strategies, affect intensity, and emotional clarity based on combinations of level of mindfulness and compassion. To achieve this, a total of 137 mental health professionals participated in this study, and they were classified into four groups based on their level of mindfulness and compassion using cluster analysis. Then, the differences among the groups were compared. The results of the multivariate analysis of covariance(MANCOVA) or multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA) controlling for career experience, showed that the group with high levels of both mindfulness and compassion had the highest levels of positive affect intensity, emotional clarity for self and others, and genuine expression, while having the lowest levels of negative affect intensity, surface acting, and burnout. In comparison to the group with high levels of both mindfulness and compassion, the group with high or low level of either mindfulness or compassion had both positive and negative affect intensity at higher or lower levels. Additionally, they showed lower emotional clarity for self and others, and genuine expression. Conversely, they showed higher levels of surface acting and burnout. The group with low levels of both mindfulness and compassion experienced low levels of positive affect intensity and high levels of negative affect intensity. They also had the lowest levels of emotional clarity for self and others and genuine expression. In addition, they showed that the highest levels of surface acting, and burnout. Based on the results, the study discussed the balanced development of mindfulness and compassion to prevent burnout of professionals in the human service field, including mental health professionals. The implications and limitations of this study were further analyzed in the discussion section, including the direction for future research.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.604-614
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the acceptance commitment therapy program (ACT) on the psychological flexibility, self-compassion, recovery in alcohol dependents. The ACT program contains skills that establish acceptance and willingness, defusion, self-as-context, contact with the present moment, clarifying values, and committed action. This study was intended to enhance the effects on the psychological flexibility, self-compassion, recovery in alcohol dependents with ACT program. Fifteen inpatients with alcohol dependence were participated in the ACT group and the same number of participants were in the both CBT control group and TAU control group. The ACT program was held once a week, eight times, and each session was 90-minute long. Repeated measure of MANOVA and post-hoc were used to compare pre-test mean with post-test and with follow-up test mean. As a result of ACT program, positive changes were assured in the psychological flexibility including acceptance, cognitive defusion, being present, committed action and the increase of self-compassion and of recovery in alcoholics.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.131-157
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• 2017

Loving-kindness & compassion meditation (LCM) is one of the popular intervention on clinical setting to cultivate loving-kindness & compassion for self and other. Shame is known for unconscious and implicit emotion including negative self-concept. Some researchers suggest that people with high shame have difficulty in cultivating loving-kindness & compassion toward oneself because of shame including the negative self-critic. In this research, it is explored the influence of shame for the object of LCM. There are 2 experiments to find out the answer to this question. In experiment 1, participants (N = 108) are randomly assigned to two conditions. The one condition is loving-kindness meditation for self, and the other is loving-kindness meditation for positive others. Dislike and engagement from participants about loving-kindness meditation instruction are measured after meditation for 8 minutes. From the experiment 2, loving-kindness meditation is replaced with compassion meditation from the design of experiment 1. This experiment is conducted because of psychological differences between loving-kindness and compassion. Participants (N = 116) are randomly assigned to two conditions, compassion meditation for self and positive others, respectively. The results of experiment 1 show that dislike of loving-kindness meditation for self seems to high when people have high shame, but shame does not have an influence on engagement. For loving-kindness meditation for positive others, shame seems to not affect on dislike and engagement about loving-kindness meditation instruction. The results of experiment 2 show that dislike is higher for self than for positive others about compassion meditation for people with high shame, but shame does not affect on engagement. For discussion, it is suggested that shame has special features of emotion. For the future, we discuss the therapeutic strategy for people with negative self-concept.