• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.238-246
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• 1994

Rate of conventional allpication of chemical fertilizer and farm manure were surveyed for 23 crops and 13,259 farms on paddy and upland fields in 1992. 1. Farmers have applied fertilizers more than optimum levels on vagetable crops. Based on the optimum levels of N, P and K, the excess ratios of N, P, K fertilization were 40%, 138%, and 53% in vagetable crops and 38%, 7%, and 0% in field crops, respectively. 2. Among provinces, the fertilizer application for paddy rice was higher in Chung-nam and Jeon-buk, which have had higher yield compared to other provinces. And that for red pepper was higher in Kang-won, Jeon-nam, Jeon-buk, Kyeong-nam, Kyeong-buk, and for chinese cabbage in Kang-won and Chung-nam. 3. The fertilizers rates at a chief producing districts of crops(CPD) were higher in vagetable crops than in field crops. 4. Compared with total fertilizer levels of open culture, excess fertilizers in plastic house were 5.9kg/10a(21%) of nitrogen, 8.7kg/10a(52%) of phosphorus and 7.1kg/10a(34%) of potasium. In chemical fertilizer application, fertilizer levels of sweet corn, red papper, tomato and lettuce were higher in plastic house, while those of cucumber, strawberry, radish, chinese cabbage were higher in open culture. 5. Ratio of farmers who applied farm manures was below 60 % on field crops and 69~100% on vagetable crops. 6. The compound fertilizer for paddy rice(21-17-17) was applied on all the crops and its application rate was the highest in all the crops except for paddy rice(single cropping), malting barley, soybean, sesame.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.391-401
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate feeding management and milk production in domestic organic dairy farms and find out ways to overcome difficulties in organic dairy farms. The number of domestic organic dairy farms was 35, which representing 0.57% among 6,068 of total dairy farms in 2011. Eleven farms among 35 organic dairy farms were surveyed. Average total raising head was 142, composed of 69 milk cow, 13 dry cow and 60 heifer and calf. The ratio of cow replacement was 42.4% in surveyed organic dairy farms. Among surveyed farms, 14.3% showed under 20kg of milk production, 57.1% represented 25~30kg of milk and 28.5% produced more than 30kg of milk. Average milk fat percentage in surveyed organic farms was 3.3%, which was lower than 4.04% milk fat percentage of whole country (2010). Based on bacterial counts (5,775 CFU/ml) and somatic cell counts (192,500 number/ml), milk quality appeared excellent in surveyed farms. 90% of surveyed farms agreed that organic milk production increased income. Among reasons for switching to organic dairy farm, environment-friendly farm management was the highest reason (54.5%). However, 45.5% of surveyed farms suffered difficulty in supply of organic feed. Therefore, stable supply of organic feed will be necessary to expand organic dairy farm in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2006

This study has the object of deriving schemes for not only securing safety of chestnuts, which is the most important forest product in terms of both production and exportation, to consumers with implementing persistent production of them in harmony with the environment, but also producing environmentally friendly chestnuts that can contribute to the increase of a farm household's income through price differentiation from other chestnuts, which are grown by generally accepted ways. In order to do this, I performed an analysis of the reality and outcome from the management of farm households that produce environmentally friendly chestnuts. The result of the analysis demonstrated some problems such as poor establishment of farming skills in a beginning stage, administrative problems with weeding operations and prevention of blight, difficulty in ensuring distribution channels and high production cost. Therefore, propelling productive expansion of environmentally friendly chestnuts after resolving these problems requires many supports and ideas: establishment and diffusion of farming skill system under the cooperation of civil and government organizations, construction of environmentally friendly INM (Integrated Nutrient Management) and IPM (Integrated Pest Management), creation of production areas for improving productivity, introduction of 'Institution of Income Conservation for Environmentally-Friendly Production' that can help farmers to preserve integrity of income on their switchover to production of environmentally friendly chestnuts from generally-grown chestnuts, and finally strong and persistent promotion of environmentally friendly chestnuts towards existing farmers and consumers.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.71-80
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• 2001

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the organic and natural farming techniques, the actual conditions of the techniques were surveyed and some crops were cultivated in situ. The contents of available $P_2O_5$, exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$ and organic matter of the organic and natural farming soil as well as soil pH were higher than those of the non-organic and non-natural farming soil, and especially the content of organic matter amounting 54.0 g/kg was dominant. Income of the farmers cultivating the different crops with the organic and natural farming was high in order of red pepper in vinyl house > cucumber in vinyl house > fruit(pear) > lettuce in vinyl house > rice. The agricultural materials used in organic and natural farming were ranged from 22 to 25 kinds, representing low pH amounted from 2.9 to 4.5 and low contents of fertilizer ingredients. The expense for purchasing the materials was from three to five times higher than that of soil testing plot. The yields of test crops in the organic and natural farming plots were lower than those of soil testing plot, and the efficiencies of the disease and pest control by the application of the substitutes for pesticide were lower than those by pesticides.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.372-388
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• 2013

A series of coffee middlemen has come to be regarded as an exploitative force in the lives of small and poor coffee farmers, which is called 'coyote', controlling production, paying unfair prices for labor and goods, and participating in fraudulent practices to maximize their own profits. However, the reality of gains captured by coffee middlemen in the value chain might be exaggerated and even unfair. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to reconsider the implication of coffee middlemen for the development of coffee value chain in Vietnam. It also attempts to identify their characteristics by investigating relations among coffee farmers, middlemen and processing/exporting firms. In terms of middlemen's margin in the coffee sub-sector, their margin is quite small when compared to other actors higher in the value chain. Rather, coffee middlemen in Vietnam have played a critical role as an intermediary of change in local economies. More specifically, coffee middlemen in Dak Lak has played a significant role as a market facilitator by stimulating the access of farmers to markets by providing buyers for farmers thanks to changes in institutional environment. Also, they have played a critical role as an agent of sustainable coffee production by encouraging sustainable coffee production in accordance with the demand of processing and exporting firms.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.99-110
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• 2012

The purpose of the study is to collect basis data for to establish standard administrative processes of liquid fertilizer treatment. From this survey we could make out the key point of each step through a case of effective liquid manure treatment system in pig house. It is divided into six step; 1. piggery slurry management step, 2. Solid-liquid separation step, 3. liquid fertilizer treatment (aeration) step, 4. liquid fertilizer treatment (microorganism, recirculation and internal return) step, 5. liquid fertilizer treatment (completion) step, 6. land application step. From now on, standardization process of liquid manure treatment technologies need to be develop based on the six steps process.

• 한우개량
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• no.4 s.25
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• pp.28-30
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• 2000

가축을 사육하다보면 가축이 질병에 걸려 폐사하는 경우가 가끔 있는데 이것처럼 양축농가의 아품과 경제적 손실이 큰 것은 없다. 특히 일반비육을 하다가 고급육을 생산하려고 거세하여 사육하다 어느정도 자란 큰 소가 뇨석증에 걸려 식욕부진이 나타나며 불안감, 배뇨시 산통증상이 나타나며 심하면 요도나 방광이 파열되어 요독증세와 더불어 폐사하는 경우를 가끔 볼 수 있는데 고급육 생산시 필수 조건인 거세를 실시하며 이런 질병에 대하여 그 원인과 치료법에 대하여 알고자 인터넷에 올라있는 자료를 본지에 실었으니 고급육 생산에 도움이 되었으면 한다.

• 월간낙농육우
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.133-136
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• 2017

부모세대 낙농인들은 아무린 정보 없이 낙농업을 시작했기에 다방면의 시행착오를 겪으며 쌓아 온 소중한 '경험'을 가지고 있고, 후계낙농인들은 낙농과 축산에 대한 이론 교육은 물론 수많은 정보 속에서 알아낸 '지식'이 있다. 일반적으로 경험과 지식이 한데 모이면 큰 효과를 내기 마련이지만, 세대가 다르다는 이유로 갈등을 겪다 보면 시너지 효과를 제대로 얻을 수 없다. 그러나 경기 화성지역에는 소통을 통해 세대 간의 벽을 허문 모임이 있다. 바로 박홍섭 전(前)지회장을 축으로 지역 후계낙농인들이 모여 꾸려나가고 있는 '젖소개량 스터디그룹'이다. 목장에 필요한 경영노하우를 연구 토론하는 것은 물론 경험과 지식을 함께 나누고 있는 박홍섭 전(前)서울우유연합지회장과 후계낙농인들을 만나봤다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.103-106
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• 1998

카네이션에서 적심은 분지수를 늘려 종묘비를 절감하고 개화기를 조절하는데 많이 이용되고 있다. 적심횟수는 1회, 1.5회, 2회의 방법이 있으며 농가에서는 주로 1.5회를 이용하고 있다. 양액재배는 토경재배에 비해 생장속도가 빨라 개화가 빠른 것으로 일반적으로 알려져 있고 양액재배에 적합한 품종 역시 숙기가 빨라 2회 채화가 가능하거나 숙기가 늦은 품종, 절화장이 짧은 품종, 분지력이 좋은 품종이 유리한 것으로 알려지고 있다. (중략)

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.5 no.11 s.49
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• pp.121-125
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• 1973

[ $\lceil$ ]금년도에 양계분야에서 뉴캣슬병의 발생은 극히 심하여 전국적인 발생과 피해가 증가되고 있다. 또한 이는 닭 뿐만 아닌 꿩, 금계, 공작등의 조류에도 발생되고 있다. 따라서 일반양계농가에서는 뉴캣슬병이 아닌 다른 호흡기병이 아닌가? 왜 뉴캣슬백신을 실시하였는데 뉴캣슬병이 발생하는가 하는등의 의심을 많이 갖고 있어 금회부터는 뉴캣슬병과 유사한 전염병 특히 아직까지 우리나라에서 발생보고 되지 않은 병을 중심으로 알아 보고저 한다. 따라서 본고는 생소한 전염병이기에 양계업자는 물론 닭 질병을 전문으로 취급하는 분에게도 참고(검색)가 되도록 내용을 엮었다.$\rfloor$