• Sijohaknonchong
• /
• v.20
• /
• pp.29-50
• /
• 2004

When we discuss the literature of traditional era in view of ecological mode, Saseol sijo and its common writers were not objects of interests because they were thought only as having the view of the world or nature the same as the noble class and their normal sijo writings had. Also the living things in Saseol sijo were not paid attention to. They were ignored and degraded because they were unfittable and unnatural poetic diction, or they were nonpoetic results of objects. Any critics could not recognize the breathing things as 'the living ones' or 'the subjective things' in the text. In Saseol sijo, the appearance of experienced, substantial and usual animals attract our interest, which is a clue to compare the noble class' sijo with having the ideal and imaginary living things. This study discussed the writer's view and recognition of 'the living things' in Saseol sijo. In this essay 'the living things' mean living and moving creatures. First 'the living things' in Saseol sijo were the creatures of daily life and experience. They were not ideal or dreamy creatures any longer to the writers of Saseol sijo. In Saseol sijo it's possible for creatures which ecological symbiosis cannot be made to appear together. On the contrary there are texts which had outstanding recognition of 'the living things' that were accustomed to the human life. The writers of Saseol sijo understood 'the living things' as creatures familiar to human beings. Their warm and affectionate eyes toward the creatures made 'the living things' the objects of identification and sympathy. There are some works which were complicated with love and hatred toward 'the living things'. In conclusion, the life of Saseol sijo writers were the same as the symbiosis with the living creatures.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.618-623
• /
• 2005

Kimchi was prepared with 2.5% and 5% Monascus purpureus Koji(MPK) paste(20%), fermented at $10^{\circ}C$ for 15 days, and sampled at 3-day intervals during storage. Samples were extracted using 80% ethanol. Ethanol extracts of kimchi prepared with MPK paste (MPK kimchi extracts) and control kimchi extracts at 1mg/mL showed 40% decrease in proliferation of cancer cells, such as AGS, KATOIII, HepG2, and Hela. MPK kimchi extracts showed highest cytotoxic effect against cancer cells compared with control at 2mg/mL. Antibacterial effect of MPK kimchi extracts decreased during fermentation, and was higher than that of control kimchi extracts during fermentation, particularly after six days. The 5% MPK kimchi extracts showed higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Vibrio parahaemolyticus than other groups. Results indicate kimchi added with M. purpureus Koji paste has stronger antibacterial and anticancer effects in vitro than control kimchi.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.21 no.9
• /
• pp.1219-1225
• /
• 2011

Phytochemicals, non-nutrient chemicals derived from plants, have been shown to have anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and chemopreventive effects. In the current study, we investigated whether five different phytochemicals (resveratrol, genistein, epicatechin gallate, diallyl disulfide, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester) alter cell growth and gene expression in human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells. Using a cell viability assay, we found that each of the phytochemicals tested inhibited HCT116 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, using human oligo DNA microarray analysis, we found that only six genes were commonly up-regulated and seven genes were commonly down-regulated in response to each phytochemical treatment. For the commonly up-regulated genes, the microarray analysis was confirmed by reverse transcription.PCR using gene-specific primers. In addition, NAG-1 protein was up-regulated by all treated phytochemcials. The results of this study may help to enhance our understanding of the general molecular mechanisms of chemoprevention that are mediated by phytochemicals in human colorectal cancer.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.253-266
• /
• 2002

Web Based Instruction has its theoretical background in constructivism paradigm of education. According to social changes called information era and thanks to the sophisticated internet mechanism the constructivism in education has been dominant paradigm. In this paradigm information and knowledge are not merely given by a instructor facing the loaners. This system of instruction has n almost every field of discipline introduced. This article aims to examine how far WBI and constructivism are applicable for design education. Richard Branchia predicted that the learner oriented instruction method would become the dominant education system. He stressed an interactivity of the teacher and students. Upon this can the applicability of WBI for design education be affirmed. Furthermore, there is a dozen of successful cases like www.cyberartcenter.com) (www.digitalyeil.co.kr)', http://www.schooleweb.co.kr/, htp://www.startstudy.co.kr/among many others. This article suggests several ways to solve the problems web based design education faces, including the lesson should inevitably combine the outline and of online study.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.248-253
• /
• 2006

The present study describes the preliminary evaluation of the cytotoxicity from Gleditsiae Semen extracts. G. Semen was extracted with methanol, ethanol, and acetone, and then cytotoxic effect of these extracts was measured by the MTT reduction assay and phase-contrast microscopy on the HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. Among these extracts, methanol extract showed the highest cytotoxic activity on the HT-29 cells. The methanol extract was further fractionated with n-hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and water layer according to the degree of polarity. The water layer showed the highest inhibitory activity on the growth of HT-29 cells, but the other fractions indicated the low cytotoxic activity. In addition, water layer also showed the cytotoxic activity against SW620 human colon carcinoma cells. Based on these results, we suggest that extracts of G. Semen may contain bioactive materials and are potential candidates as chemotherapeutic agents against human colon carcinoma cells.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
• /
• v.137
• /
• pp.409-438
• /
• 2016

The movie, Battle of Wits which is based on the cartoon by Morihideki(森秀樹) is directed by Zhang Zhiliang(張之亮), a director from Hong Kong. Morihideki's cartoon is based on the novel by Sakemikenichi(酒見賢一). The movie represents a successful one-source multi-use case. Battle of wits, which deals with the Mozi's propaganda against war, presents the thought of Mozi School(墨家) in spring, autumn, and warring states. The movie criticizes aggressive war by powerful nations. Aggressive war is an extreme form of brutality and worthless action without any benefit. Aggressive war represents 'never each love(buxiangai, 不相愛)' and 'never each benefit(buxiangli, 不相利)' as understood by Mozi. The main character of the movie endeavors and successfully defends the enemy's attack as Mozi did. It is due to the propaganda of Mozi School 'not to attack(feigong, 非攻)' that they can defend themselves from the attack from a powerful nation. It means that 'the universal love(jianai, 兼愛)', the ideology of Mozi, is concretely actualized. The philosophy of Mozi School in the Battle of Wits has its limits as follows: the thought of Mozi School is just suitable during times of war and unnecessary in times of peace, the contradiction between universal love and hatred for one person; the Mozi School's faith in the nature of human beings to confront betrayal. This limit was also proposed in the movie. However, the movie presented how the masculinity of Mozi School, supplemented by the feminity of Daojia(道家), can succeed in achieving genuine communication. When focusing on this point, the movie can be interpreted as biased towards the philosophy of Daojia.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
• /
• v.145
• /
• pp.245-270
• /
• 2018

This article aims to examine the possibility of 'philosophy for old age' when humanity begins to reflect on old age in earnest as our country shifts to the aged society. In particular, this article aims to reframe $Ved{\bar{a}}ntic$ philosophy, i.e. a beacon of Hindu philosophy as a model of philosophy for old age, on the assumption that liberation-oriented Hindu philosophies in India can be the most suitable model to frame and apply philosophy for old age mainly at the individual level. First of all, this article identifies that liberation-oriented Hindu philosophies are nothing but a philosophy for the later part of one's life, that is, a philosophy for old age, showing that their common thoughts are very similar to the characteristics of old age. Then, it proves that three points of $Ved{\bar{a}}ntic$ philosophy, i.e. spirit supremacy, the world as an illusion, and freedom from all relations, are fully compatible with philosophy for old age. Finally, it argues that the tradition of Hindu saṃnyāsin (wonderer) embodied to the extreme in $Ved{\bar{a}}ntic$ philosophy is to establish 'old age for philosophy' beyond 'philosophy for old age.' Because $Ved{\bar{a}}ntic$ philosophy establishes saṃnyāsin of old age, which is optimized to strive for the truth as the confident subject of philosophical inquiry, so much that it exists more 'by old age' than 'for old age.' After all, according to $Ved{\bar{a}}ntic$ philosophy, as ontological and practical positivity is maximized in old age, so old age itself can be the best position to overcome not 'negativity of old age', but 'negativity of human condition' or 'negativity of life.'

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
• /
• v.143
• /
• pp.245-266
• /
• 2017

Walter Benjamin's unique concept of the aura is mainly presented in his three essays, Little History of Photography(1931), The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction(1935-1939), and On Some Motifs in Baudelaire(1939), whereas the studies on this concept are principally conducted on the basis of the first two essays. But considering Benjamin elaborated the concept through Baudelaire studies, the aura needs to be reexamined on the axis of "On Some Motifs in Baudelaire". He approached Baudelaire studies in one of the essential items for The Arcades Project at first. These studies acquired a new prospect soon after he mapped out these studies for an independent book in 1938. His Baudelaire studies come to fruition in On Some Motifs in Baudelaire, written one year after The Paris of the Second Empire in Baudelaire(1938). For Benjamin, Baudelaire is not only a poet who sharply testified to the age of the decay of aura, but also the one who elaborated new poetic motifs such as the metropolis, the crowd: the poet searched for his poems in the crowd of the metropolis, by accepting as poetic nourishment all sorts of experiences of the impact of daily occurrunces in Paris. In On Some Motifs in Baudelaire, the aura is defined as the response of a gaze, that is, the capability to gaze on something. It is principally a poetic capacity to give the capability of opening the eyes to an animal, or even to an inanimate object. If a gaze is responded by the other for which the gaze is placed upon, we experience the other's own aura. The media of the mechanical reproduction (such as the photography, the film) give rise to the decay of aura, because the expectation of returning one's gaze becomes frustrated from the outset.

• Anatomy & Biological Anthropology
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.143-149
• /
• 2018

Leucocyte extravasation has been known to play an important role in inflammatory reactions including contact dermatitis. Previous studies suggested that CD99 regulates ${\beta}1$ integrin activity and may be a novel therapeutic target molecule for inflammatory diseases. In this study, the effects of CD99-derived peptide, CD99CRIII3, on inflammatory reactions in contact dermatitis mouse model were investigated. CD99CRIII3 decreased ${\beta}1$-integrin activity in human monocytic U937 cells. CD99CRIII3 inhibited the adhesion of U937 monocytes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells and their extravasation through human umbilical vein endothelial cells. CD99CRIII3 reduced inflammation in the phorbol myristate acetate-induced contact dermatitis mice in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that CD99CRIII3 suppresses the extravasation of monocytes and inflammatory reactions in the animal model of the contact dermatitis, suggesting that CD99CRIII3 could be a new drug candidate against inflammatory skin diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
• /
• no.41
• /
• pp.247-270
• /
• 2014

Multiculturalism may be deeply connected with the diversities of cultures and enlightenment discussed in the context that we live together with the specification of cultures derived from any spatial conditions overtly and covertly. People live on their own customs compatible with their space and the time, and they make their boundaries of races, nations, and national memories. In such a way each of them treats each other exclusively and is inclined not to recognize being of the others. Also people are apt to recognize the others unessentially and overlook the others's value and way of life. As a result they might destroy the foundation of symbiotic livings conditions on their own. On the other hand they pretend to search for the cultural diversities of the others and include them under their own universalities, resulting in conflicts. Hence it is required that we should make an efforts to prepare the fields for living together through getting over the problem of the recognition of matters and affairs before us. From the above-told critical mind this thesis seeks the multicultural relativities and more arrives at the relationalities discussed by East-Asiatic philosophers of Chuang Tzu and Ch'oe Han-gi. Especially by gazing at the idea of the interconnectedness which means activities, changeabilities and mobilities, appeared on the idea of Ch'oe Han-Gi's revolving transformation, it is stressed that the communications of the local with each other in the various aspects of, e.g. materials, regions and cultures should be achieved.