• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.56-61
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• 2010

In this paper, high efficient power amplifier with dual band has been realized. Dual band power amplifier have used modify stub matching for single FET, center frequency 2.14GHz and 5.2GHz respectively. The dual-band operation of the CRLH TL is achieved by the frequency offset and the nonlinear phase slope of the CRLH TL for the matching network of the power amplifier. Because the control of the all harmonic components is very difficult m dual-band, we have managed only the second- and third-harmonics to obtain the high efficiency with the CRLH TL in dual-band. Dual-band characteristics in the output has to balance. Two operating frequencies are chosen at 2.14 GHz and 5.2 GHz in this work. The measured results show that the output power of 28.56 dBm and 29 dBm was obtained at 2.14 GHz and 5.2 GHz, respectively. At this point, we have obtained the power-added efficiency (PAE) of 65.824 % and 69.86 % at two operation frequencies, respectively.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.47 no.12
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• pp.78-83
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• 2010

In this paper, a novel dual-band power amplifier using metamaterials has been realized with one RF GaN HEMT diffusion metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor. The CRLH TL can lead to metamaterial transmission line with the dual-band tuning capability. The dual-band operation of the CRLH TL is achieved by the frequency offset and the nonlinear phase slope of the CRLH TL for the matching network of the power amplifier. We have managed only the second- and third-harmonics to obtain the high efficiency with the CRLH TL in dual-band. Also, the proposed power amplifier has been realized by using the harmonic control circuit for not only the output matching network, but also the input matching network for better efficiency. Two operating frequencies are chosen at 900 MHz and 2140 MHz in this work. The measured results show that the output power of 39.83 dBm and 35.17 dBm was obtained at 900 MHz and 2140 MHz, respectively. At this point, we have obtained the power-added efficiency (PAE) and IMD of 60.2 %, -23.17dBc and 67.3 %, -25.67dBc at two operation frequencies, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.223-225
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 CRLH 전송 선로를 이용한 스터브 구조의 이중 대역 가지선로 결합기를 제안한다. 기존의 스터브 구조의 이중 대역 가지 선로 결합기는 동작하는 두 주파수가 근접할수록 스터브 선로의 임피던스가 증가해 구현이 불가능 하다. 제안된 이중 대역 가지선로 결합기는 비교적 근접한 1800MHz와 2300MHz 두 주파수에서 동작한다. 고 임피던스 스터브 선로는 이중 대역 소자 설계에 유용한 CRLH 전송 선로를 사용하여 구현 된다. 두 주파수에서 측정된 삽입 손실은 이상적인 결합기에 비해 최대 1.88dB의 오차가 났으며 두 출력 포트 사이의 위상차는 $1^{\circ}$미만 이다. 동작하는 두 주파수의 비는 1.28:1로 비교적 작은 차이를 보인다.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.13-22
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• 2018

In this paper, double encryption technology of image based on scramble operation and phase-shifting digital holography is proposed. For the purpose, we perform first encryption digitally using scramble operation for the to be encrypted image, and perform phase modulation to the first encrypted image. Finally, we get the secondary encryption information through the interference between the phase-shifted reference wave and phase modulated image. The decryption process proceeds in the reverse order of the encryption process. The original image is reconstructed by digitally decoding the two encrypted images through a phase shift digital holography technique that appropriately performs arithmetic processing, phase-demodulating and then using the encryption key information used in the scramble operation. The proposed cryptosystem can recover the original image only if both the key information used in the scramble operation, the distance information used in the phase shift digital holography technique, and the wavelength of the light source are known accurately.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.283-293
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dual bonding technique by comparing microshear bond strength between two different luting methods of resin cement to tooth dentin. Three dentin bonding systems(All-Bond 2, One-Step, Clearfil SE Bond), two temporary cements (Propac, Freegenol) were used in this study. In groups used conventional luting procedure, dentin surfaces were left untreated. In groups used dual bonding technique, three dentin bonding systems were applied to each dentin surface. All specimens were covered with each temporary cement. The temporary cements were removed and each group was treated using one of three different dentin bonding system. A resin cement was applied to the glass cylinder surface and the cylinder was bonded to the dentin surface. Then, micro-shear bond strength test was performed. For the evaluation of the morphology at the resin/dentin interface, SEM examination was also performed. 1. Conventional luting procedure showed higher micro-shear bond strengths than dual boning technique. However, there were no significant differences. 2. Freegenol showed higher micro-shear bond strengths than Propac, but there were no significant differences. 3. In groups used dual bonding technique, SE Bond showed significantly higher micro-shear bond strengths in One-Step and All-Bond 2 (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between One-Step and All-Bond 2. 4. In SEM observation, with the use of All-Bond 2 and One-Step, very long and numerous resin tags were observed. This study suggests that there were no findings that the dual bonding technique would be better than the conventional luting procedure.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.324-336
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• 1994

경수로형 원전에서 발생되는 작업종사자에 대한 피폭선량의 약90%는 1차계통내 재질성분으로부터 방사화되는 코발트 핵종에 기인한다. 원전 선진국에서는 이러한 코발트 생성원을 근원적으로 제거하여 1차계통내 방사선량을 획기적으로 감소시킬 목적으로 Co reduction program을 중점적으로 추진하여 왔으며, 이중 계통내 코발트 주생성원인 각종 밸브재질을 저 Co 또는 Co-free 합금으로 대체시키는 기술이 이미 상당한 수준에 이르렀다. 국내의 건설예정 원전에 있어서도 이러한 기술개발의 적용에 대한 검토가 요구되고 있는 점을 미루어 볼 때, 머지 않은 장래에 국내 원전에 대한 이 기술의 적용이 불가피할 것으로 보여진다. 본 기고문에서는 원전 1차계통내 밸브의 코발트 합금재질 대체기술과 관련된 내용을 중점적으로 소개, 검토하고자 한다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.312-318
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• 2008

In a pear fruit 'Chuhwangbae' was investigated the effect of the calcium-coated double paper bag on the physical properties of the paper bag, micro meteorological phenomena, and calcium contents in quality of fruit. The calcium-coated paper bag, compared with official paper bags, did not give any effect on light transmission ratio and tensile strength. The change of the inside relative humidity of the paper bag was a little compared with conventional paper bags, but there was no difference in temperature. The contents of the accumulated calcium of the pericarp was remarkably greater than conventional paper bags during the period of 65 days to 160 days after the full bloom, but the flesh remarkably increased at 160 days. The calcium content per concentration of calcium coating greatly increased in 12% of yellow double paper bags and 9, 12% of newspaper double paper bags in case of the pericarp, and in 3% of yellow double paper bags and 6, 9, 12% of newspaper double paper bags in case of the pericarp. As a result of treatment of a radioactive isotope, the amount of accumulated calcium in the pericarp continued until 60 hours after treatment, but there was no difference in the calcium amount between the flesh and no-treatment pericarp. As to the hardness of fruits at the time of harvest, there was no difference in the concentration in case of a yellow double bags. But newspaper double paper bags 6, 12% was significantly difference. Soluble solid remarkably increased in yellow double paper bags 6, 9% and yellow double paper bags 3, 6, 9%. Also, it did not effect on changes of the pericarp, fruit weight and the color of the pericarp.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.45-59
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the static and dynamic change of wage differentials of women with disabilities in the Seoul local labor market. This study attempts to explain the double discrimination mechanism for disabled women and empirically gender discrimination and disability discrimination for them by using Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis. In addition, using Juhn-Murphy-Pierce decomposition analysis. we analyze the wage differentials caused by the changed characteristics of disabled women and structures of discrimination at the Seoul local labor market. Data from the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled and Korean Labor and Income Panel Study for two years (2008, 2012) are used. According to the result, wage differentials of disabled women caused by disability discrimination is approximately 55% of total wage discrimination, whereas 45% is caused by gender discrimination during the period. Both observed and unobserved components move in the same direction to narrow wage differentials due to the disability discrimination and gender discrimination. Also the endowments in the Seoul local labor market about the changes of observed and unobserved components contribute more to narrow gender wage differentials, while these endowments widen disability wage differentials.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.92-97
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• 2008

Salt wedge into the river from the sea or fresh water flume (fresh wedge) in the ocean from the sea has density current characteristics. However, when temperature and salinity simultaneously determine the density of wedges, one of salinity and temperature can distributed in the reversed profiles against gravity, even though the density profile is stable. In this case, the double diffusive process is critical in determining mixing rate. The present work studies relative contribution of shear driven mechanical mixing component and double diffusive layering process, when warm salty denser water is introduced into the cold fresh lighter water column. Laboratory experiment releases warm salty denser water into cold fresh lighter water controlling discharge amount to achieve the steady state of density current. When longitudinal density rate becomes 15, the released amount ratio of salt and heat changes sharply and in the releasing point, vigorous mixing occurs with increase of discharged amount due to double diffusion. Double diffusion distabilizes gravitational stability and enhances the mixing rate up to $6{\times}10$ times at the lower density ratio comparing to the higher density ratio.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.7-12
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• 2008

In this paper, a highly efficiency power amplifier is presented for multi-band antenna system. The class F power amplifier operating in dual-band designed with one LDMOSFET. An operating frequency of power amplifier is 900 MHz and 2.14 GHz respectively Matching networks and harmonic control circuits of amplifier are designed by using the unit cell of composite right/left-handed(CRLH) transmission line(TL) realized with lumped elements. The CRLH TL can lead to metamaterial transmission line with the dual-band holing capability. The dual-band operation of the CRLH TL is achieved by the frequency offset and the nonlinear phase slope of the CRLH TL for the matching network of the power amplifier. Because the control of all harmonic components for high efficiency is very difficult, we have controled only the second- and third-harmonics to obtain the high efficiency with the CRLH TL. Also, the proposed power amplifier has been realized by using the harmonic control circuit for not only the output matching network, but also the input matching network for better efficiency.