• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2007

Two-way specification table for educational objectives proposed by B.S.Bloom, which is useful in reviewing and determining the objectives of instructions, is widely used in schools. However, differences in subject matters and school environments require various types of two-way specification table. Extensible markup language (XML) can be effectively applied for two-way specification table for educational objectives because it is well structured and the content of an XML document can be separated from its presentation. In this paper, the document type definition (DTD) for two-way specification table was designed. An example of XML document and XSL style sheet for the table were also presented. Furthermore, applications of the designed DTD were discussed. It is expected that the proposed DTD can be useful to various applications related to education assesment.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.87-101
• /
• 2016

This study analyzes the content validity of descriptive tests developed for elementary schools, in order to acquire basic data to improve them. Various descriptive tests were collected and tested for differences in proportions between two-dimensional classification of educational objectives and the level of behavioral objectives. Results show that the descriptive tests developed by elementary school teachers mainly focused on "knowledge" and "understanding," and that content validity for behavioral levels to be low. Nine elementary school teachers were interviewed to understand the result. From the interviews, we found both internal and external factors that cause low content validity. The main internal factors were teachers' ability to make two-dimensional classification of educational objectives, the teachers' consideration of students' level, item level of difficulty, the ease of scoring, and path dependence. The main external factors were curriculum, parents, and administration. Based on the results, we suggested the factors related to elementary school teachers' PCK of descriptive tests.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.25 no.3 s.82
• /
• pp.219-225
• /
• 1997

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay was used to identify seven typical Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler strains isolated in Korea. Twenty primers from OPA-01 to OPA-20 were applied to generate the recognition of L. edodes strains. Out of 20 primers, nine primers showed efficient RAPD patterns to classify the 7 strains tested, but the rest eleven primers were not useful to be used. Even though there was no single primer that could classify all of the strains, any combination of two primers among the nine primers could identify the strains tested. Thus, RAPD assay turned out to be very precise method for classifying L. edodes strains.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.342-353
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify priority factors for improving service quality of cosmetic stores in drug stores(DRS) and department stores(DES) and to provide basic data for improving service quality of cosmetic stores by analyzing the service quality based on the Kano model and the Potential Customer Satisfaction Improvement (PCSI) Index. As a result, most items of quality factors of cosmetic stores in both stores were evaluated as attractive quality factors. As a result of PCSI Index comparison, the quality factors of 'Reliability', 'Responsiveness', and 'Empathy' items for DRS and 'Empathy' and 'Reliability' items for DES had higher priority for improvement. That is, if these factors are improved, there is a high potential to improve customer satisfaction. Through this study, practical implications were provided by identifying service quality factor classification and priorities for customer satisfaction improvement of DRS and DES. This is expected to contribute to the guidelines for improving customer satisfaction in the future.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.153-184
• /
• 2010

On the bases of the 5 principles and the 4 criteria for designing and developing of the listening and the reading test of National English Ability Test (NEAT), this study presents Item-Types Decision-Making Model as a blueprint for designing and constructing the two tests. It sets up the criteria for validating item types, designs a modular type of test specifications, constructs an item-types bank, and specifies a complementary type of test specifications of the two tests. To gather all these threads up, it constructs Item-Types Decision-Making Model which consists of such components as the item-type pool, the validity criteria and the procedures of testing item types, the item-types bank, the modular and the complementary type test specification. Thus, it shows how the Model works in developing and constructing the two level-differentiated listening and reading tests (the 2nd and the 3rd rank) of NEAT. Finally, it discusses some implications and applications of the Model to the two level-differentiated tests (the A and the B type) of 2014 CSAT (College Scholastic Ability Test) systems, National Assessment of Educational Achievement (NAEA), and classroom testing. In conclusion, Item-Types Decision-Making Model functions as a testing template in an item development system and as a matrix in an item-types bank system.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.1439-1448
• /
• 2013

The analysis of variance for randomized block design or two way classification data is well known. In this paper, particularly, we considered two stage nested design in which the levels of one factor is not identical for different levels of another factor. We investigate the structural properties of two stage nested design and the properties of error sum of squares for random effect model. For the application of two way nested design, we consider two-period crossover design which is used commonly for the equivalence test to bio-similar product. The confidence interval estimation of the difference of two population means in the crossover design is discussed based on statistical package SPSS.

• 월간산업보건
• /
• s.63
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 1993

직업과 질병간의 관련성이 역학적인 방법에 의하여 밝혀진 대표적인 예로 직업성 암을 들수 있다. 실제로 이러한 노력에 의하여 현재에 이르러는 작업장에서 사용되는 몇가지 물질들이 발암성물질로 분류(Recogniz Human Carcinogen)되어 있다. 이 글은 Monson이 저술한 'Occupational Epidemiology'중에서 'Occupation and cancer'의 첫 부분과, 암발생과의 관련성이 확립된 직업성 폭로물질들을 열거한 표를 번역한 것이다. 내용중에서도 언급하고 있듯이 화학군(group of chemicals)이 제시된 경우에는 그 군에 속한 모든 화학물질들이 발암원성 물질이라는 것은 아니고, 작업공정이 열거된 예에서도 그 공정에서 어떠한 물질이 과연 발암성인지를 밝혀내기에 충분한 정보가 아직 없다. 그러나 직업과 암에 관한 역학적 연구의 역사적인 배경, 현 상태 등을 파악하는데에 좋은 자료일 것으로 생각되어 게재하고자 한다. - 저자 주 -

• Journal of Science Education
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.670-690
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze paper and pencil test items of life science I in high school to diagnose problems of the test items developed by teachers, and to provide some implication for better assessment. 690 selection-type items and 162 supply-type items in life science I were collected from 10 general high schools. In the analysis of test items, the ratio of the selection-type item and the supply-type item was 81:19 in the number of items based on item type, while the ratio was 74.4:25.6 in the distribution of marks, indicating that the distribution of marks compared to the number of items was higher in the supply-type items. In the analysis by the Bloom's revised taxonomy of educational objectives, the items of 'conceptual knowledge' in the knowledge and those of 'understanding' in the cognition process were shown most in both the selection-type item and the supply-type item. In the analysis by the science assessment frameworks of NAEA, the items of 'knowledge' were shown 9 times more than those of 'inquiry'. When compared to the level of difficulty presented in the two-way specification table and the percentage of correct answers in the selection-type item, the concurrence was 41.5%. When compared to the ratio of number of items based on the item type of the supply-type items, the short-answer items were 34.0%, the descriptive items were 61.1%, and the drawing items were 4.9%. The drawing items were mainly developed in the unit of 'Cells and Continuity of Life'. When the descriptive items were classified by the acceptance of response, all the items were 'response restricted' type, and the items of 'restricted in content range' type among them were highest. When the items were classified by presentation of data, the items of 'presentation of data' type were highest(65.4%), and when classified by type of question, the items of 'knowledge description' type were highest(80.4%). In conclusion, it is needed to develop items belonging to 'inquiry' area more in the school, and to increase the ratio of the descriptive items, presenting various types of items.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.291-300
• /
• 2019

This study investigates the characteristics of evaluation measures for classification models on a binary response variable in order to evaluate their suitability for use. Six measures are considered: Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, Precision, F-measure, and the Heidke's skill score (HSS). Evaluation measures are reformulated using x(ratio of actually 1), y(ratio predicted by 1), z(ratio of both actual and predicted by 1) from the confusion matrix. We suggest two necessary conditions to assess the suitability of the evaluation measures. The first condition is that the measure function is constant for x and y in the case of a random model. The second condition is that the measure function is increasing for z and decreasing for x and y. Since only HSS satisfies the two conditions, that is always appropriate as an evaluation measure for the classification model on the binary response variable, and the other measures should be used within a limited range.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.255-265
• /
• 1991

The Genus Acartia of calanoid copepod comprises about 50 species from world oceans. Most of them are neritic and very abundant in coastal waters. For the present study samples were collected from ten sites (Garolim Bay, Deukyang Bay, Chinhae Bay, Kyonggi Bay, Kwangyang Bay, Kori, Wolsung, Youngkwang, Uljin and Cheju area) during the period from September 1981 to December 1990 and at selected six stations in Masan Bay during the period from April 1986 to September 1987. As a result, Genus Acartia of Korea was identified as following ten species: Acartia bifilosa, A. danae, A. erythraea, A. hudsonica, A. negligens, A. eomorii, A. pacifica, A. sinjiensis, ,4. spinicauda and A. steueri. The key to the species was suggested and the description of A. sinjiensis was given as the new in Korean waters.