• 대한공업교육학회지
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.23-51
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analysis school dropout of specialized vocational high school students using phenomenological research method. The interview for the research was carried out with 10 adolescents who dropped out specialized vocational high school from December 8 to 23, 2018. According to the result of the research, 31 themes were extracted from interviews with 10 research participants. And 10 theme clusters were categorized from these. And these clusters were divided into 3 domains : 'before school dropout', 'causes & process of school dropout, feeling about school dropout', 'after school dropout' Based on the finding of the study, major conclusions of this study were as follow: First, adolescents who dropped out specialized vocational high school suffered from hard school life, disappointing lead from teachers, stereotypical lesson. And they committed misdeeds, and had psychological difficulties. Some of them kept up the good relationship with their friends, teachers, parents, some of them did not. Some of them kept up the good relationship with their friends, teachers and parents, while some of them did not. Second, they chose dropout due to various different causes. The procedures of school dropout proceeded with comparative ease. The effect of dropout prevention program is very limited. The feeling they felt at the time of school dropout varied individually. Some adolescents who dropped out specialized vocational high school were satisfied while others were stressed out, regretting their decision. Third, they lived diligently working part-time jobs or preparing General Equivalency Diploma (GED) test after dropout. They experienced positive changes in their daily lives after dropout. But sometimes they experienced various difficulties and negative changes. Most of them had their goals, and they were preparing for them. Their expectation was low that their life will succeed if they returned to school. They wanted people to understand their decision about dropout. And multiple institutions are supporting adolescents who dropped out specialized vocational high school. They need practical support : Various information, activity for career experience, counseling etc.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.289-298
• /
• 2019

In this present study, the effects of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM), Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), $O_3$ Vertical Column Density ($O_3$ VCD), and Solar Zenith Angle (SZA) on the accuracy of sulfur dioxide Vertical Column Density ($SO_2$ VCD) retrieval have been quantified using the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) method with the ground-based direct-sun synthetic radiances. The synthetic radiances produced based on the Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law without consideration of the diffuse effect. In the SNR condition of 650 (1300) with FWHM = 0.6 nm, AOD = 0.2, $O_3$ VCD = 300 DU, and $SZA=30^{\circ}$, the Absolute Percentage Difference (APD) between the true $SO_2$ VCD values and those retrieved ranges from 80% (28%) to 16% (5%) for the $SO_2$ VCD of $8.1{\times}10^{15}$ and $2.7{\times}10^{16}molecules\;cm^{-2}$, respectively. For an FWHM of 0.2 nm (1.0 nm) with the $SO_2$ VCD values equal to or greater than $2.7{\times}10^{16}molecules\;cm^{-2}$, the APD ranges from 6.4% (29%) to 6.2% (10%). Additionally, when FWHM, SZA, AOD, and $O_3$ VCD values increase, APDs tend to be large. On the other hand, SNR values increase, APDs are found to decrease. Eventually, it is revealed that the effects of FWHM and SZA on $SO_2$ VCD retrieval accuracy are larger than those of $O_3$ VCD and AOD. The SZA effects on the reduction of $SO_2$ VCD retrieval accuracy is found to be dominant over the that of FWHM for the condition of $SO_2$ VCD larger than $2.7{\times}10^{16}molecules\;cm^{-2}$.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2019

Purpose: We investigated the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pneumococcal isolates from hospitalized children at Asan Medical Center for recent 4 years, and aimed to recommend proper choice of empirical antibiotics for pneumococcal infection. Methods: From March 2014 to May 2018, children admitted to Asan Medical Center Childrens' Hospital with pneumococcal infection were subjected for evaluation of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for ${\beta}-lactams$ and macrolide antibiotics. Patient's age, underlying disease, gender were retrospectively collected. Using Monte Carlo simulation model and MIC from our study, we predicted the rate of treatment success with amoxicillin treatment. Results: Sixty-three isolates were analyzed including 20.6% (n=13) of invasive isolates, and 79.4% (n=50) of non-invasive isolates; median age were 3.3 years old, and 87.3% of the pneumococcal infections occurred to children with underlying disease. Overall susceptibility rate was 49.2%, 68.2%, and 74.6% for amoxicillin, parenteral penicillin, and cefotaxime respectively. 23.8% and 9.5% of the isolates showed high resistance for amoxicillin, and cefotaxime. Only 4.8% (n=3) were susceptible to erythromycin. Monte Carlo simulation model revealed the likelihood of treatment success was 46.0% at the dosage of 90 mg/kg/day of amoxicillin. Conclusions: Recent pneumococcal isolates from pediatric patients with underlying disease revealed high resistance for amoxicillin and cefotaxime, and high resistance for erythromycin. Prudent choice of antibiotics based on the local data of resistance cannot be emphasized enough, especially in high risk patients with underlying disease, and timely vaccination should be implemented for prevention of the spread of resistant strains.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
• /
• v.126
• /
• pp.263-293
• /
• 2013

Die vorliegende Abhandlung beachtet die methodologische $N{\ddot{u}}tzlichkeit$ der Dialektik $f{\ddot{u}}r$ die philosophische $Wissenschaftst{\ddot{a}}tigkeit$ des Aristoteles in einer besonderen Aufmerksamkeit auf den Begriff "${\delta}{\iota}{\alpha}{\pi}o{\rho}{\varepsilon}{\iota}{\nu}$". Bei Aristoteles bedeutet "${\delta}{\iota}{\alpha}{\pi}o{\rho}{\varepsilon}{\iota}{\nu}$" 'das durchaus $gr{\ddot{u}}ndliche$ Untersuchen einer Aporie', und eine solche Untersuchungsweise folgt der Dialektik. Deshalb beabsichtige ich zuerst, durch eine Begriffsanalyse und - interpretation von "${\delta}{\iota}{\alpha}{\pi}o{\rho}{\varepsilon}{\iota}{\nu}$" die dialektische Aporetik zu bestimmen als eine Argumentationsmethode nicht nur in einer dialogischen, sondern auch in einer nicht-dialogischen Situation. Besonders will ich einen methodologischen Grund $daf{\ddot{u}}r$ suchen, dass ein allein Forschender in der nicht-dialogischen Situation die dialektische Aporetik verwendet, indem ich einen Text von "De caelo" II 13, 294b 6~13 interpretiere. $N{\ddot{a}}mlich$ betont Aristoteles in Bezug auf den Durchgang der $Wissenschaftst{\ddot{a}}tigkeit$ eine Forderung der selbstkritischen Haltung, die der allein Forschende sich selbst seine Untersuchung in $R{\ddot{u}}cksicht$ auf die anderen Untersuchungen und auch auf die vorhersehbaren Hypothesen ${\ddot{u}}berpr{\ddot{u}}fen$ und verifizieren, um die aus seiner Untersuchung zu entdeckenden Aporien auf die dialektische Weise zu $l{\ddot{o}}sen$. Und diese Position von Aristoteles kann der wichtige Grund $daf{\ddot{u}}r$ sein, den fachsprachlichen Sinn von "${\delta}{\iota}{\alpha}{\pi}o{\rho}{\varepsilon}{\iota}{\nu}$" als auch den wissenschaftlichen Sinn der dialektischen Untersuchung der Aporie richtig verstehen und $erkl{\ddot{a}}ren$ zu $k{\ddot{o}}nnen$. Zuletzt bin ich in der Absicht, die dialektische Aporetik und ihre Funktion in drei Modeln zu formulieren und einige Beispiele $f{\ddot{u}}r$ jedes Model vorzustellen, um zu zeigen, auf welche Art und Weise Aristoteles die dialektische Aporetik $f{\ddot{u}}r$ den Lauf seiner Theoriebildung in der Tat anwendet. Durch solchen Versuch $w{\ddot{u}}nsche$ ich, dass meine Untersuchung ${\ddot{u}}ber$ die dialektische Aporetik etwas besseres $Verst{\ddot{a}}ndnis$ $f{\ddot{u}}r$ die wissenschaftliche Bedeutung der aristotelischen Dialektik anbieten $k{\ddot{o}}nnte$, und auch dass diese Studie als bedeutsame Basisdaten zu einer noch tieferen Forschung und $Verst{\ddot{a}}ndigung$ ${\ddot{u}}ber$ die philosophische Haltung und Methode des Aristoteles betrachtet werden $k{\ddot{o}}nnte$.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
• /
• no.36
• /
• pp.327-363
• /
• 2018

This paper tracks the present state of the Gugak educational programs run by Gugak-specialized museums including Museum of Gugak not only to set a directionality of Museum of Gugak to step forward for their main purposes, but also to find measures to invigorate its Gugak educational programs. There are 826 museums registered in 2016 nationwide, and ten of them are Gugak-specialized museums including Museum of Gugak. An analysis of the educational programs by Museum of Gugak presents high achievements in concentrativeness, participation and satisfaction levels. However, several issues such as difficulty level adjustment, education period arrangement, contents development, setting of a precise aim of education, and overcoming of regional limitations are to be solved in the future. Considering these special circumstances, the study suggests setting a directionality of Gugak education by following four conditions: Firtly, the Gugak education programs by Museum of Gugak should be user-oriented. Secondly, it is necessary to provide customized learning programs to suit users of various ages and generations. Thirdly, a solid education is required to enhance creativity deviating from uniform, unilateral, fragmentary education focused on materials and relics of museums as the users' experiences and learning levels vary. Fourthly, integrated education with relevant study in common use is required as the specialized environments of the museum could cause users psychological resistance and lessen their willingness to approach. Focusing on these four conditions several invigoration measures for the Gugak education programs are discussed: Firstly, a step-by-step approach, not a radical shift, is required in order to turn existing programs into the user-oriented. Secondly, customized learning programs should be planned in consideration of life cycle of the users. Thirdly, it is necessary to establish virtuous circulation reflecting activity-based contents as well as to provide the users experiences through five senses for solid Gugak education, in which various elements such as experiencing, learning, playing, viewing are reflected manifoldly. Fourthly, integrated education can be implemented when the features of Gugak educational programs are internally structured and the external environment matures.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.253-260
• /
• 2018

The hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha ($HNF4{\alpha}$) gene is related to lipid transport, including abdominal fat and growth, in chickens. Interestingly, the A543G SNP within the $HNF4{\alpha}$ gene has previously been reported to be associated with body weight in both broilers and Korean native chickens (KNCs). However, its exact position within the HNF4 is not yet reported. This study aimed to identify the position of the A543G SNP and to identify additional SNPs that can be used as genetic markers in KNCs. A total of 128 KNCs were used for the sequencing and analysis of these genetic associations. As a result, A543G SNP was located in intron 4 of the $HNF4{\alpha}$ gene; it is reported as rs731246957 in the NCBI database. Fourteen SNPs were detected in the sequenced portion of the $HNF4{\alpha}$ gene; three of these, rs731246957, rs736159604 and new SNP, intron 6 (249), were significantly related with growth in the chickens. In this study, the TT genotype of rs731246957, previously reported as A543G SNP, the GG genotype of rs736159604 and GT of new SNP have are highly associated with body weight from birth to 40 weeks of age in KNCs (P<0.01). These results suggest that rs736159604, rs731246957 and intron 6 (249) SNPs within the $HNF4{\alpha}$ gene could function as growth-related markers in the selective breeding of KNCs.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.57 no.4
• /
• pp.339-345
• /
• 2018

The sugar beet cyst nematode (SBCN), Heterodera schachtii first detected in Taebaek, Gangwon-do in 2011, is one of the major plant parasitic nematodes that cause economic damage to the Chinese cabbage in highland regions. In addition, the distribution of clover cyst nematode (CCN), H. trifolii was confirmed in the highland Chinese cabbage cultivated regions in 2017. In order to investigate the spread of cyst nematodes, this study has been conducted since 2013 in the highland Chinese cabbage cultivation area. In addition, in 2017, the Real-Time PCR technique with the species-specific primer was used to investigate those two cyst nematodes and the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), H. glycines which is known for its distribution in Korea, focusing on the main production regions of highland Chinese cabbage cultivation. The number of infected fields in the Chinese cabbage plantation in highland increased every year to confirm distribution in Taebaek, Samcheok, Jeongseon and Gangneung in 2017, and the cumulative number of infection fields reached 245 by 2017. Of the 41 possible cyst nematode samples for PCR analysis, 61% were CCN, only 9.8% of the SBCN and 29.3% of the SCN were identified. Therefore, some of the previously known SBCN or CCN discoveries are likely to have been infected with SCN. It is believed that the CCN needs to be controlled in the future as CCN have been found to be dominant species in the highland Chinese cabbage plantation regions.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.710-715
• /
• 2018

In this study, $ZnFe_2O_4@SnO_2@TiO_2$ core-shell nanoparticles (NPs), a photocatalytic material with magnetic properties, were synthesized through a three-step process. Structural properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. It was confirmed that $ZnFe_2O_4$ of the spinel, $SnO_2$ of the tetragonal and $TiO_2$ of the anatase structure were synthesized. The magnetic properties of synthesized materials were studied by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The saturation magnetization value of $ZnFe_2O_4$, a core material, was confirmed at 33.084 emu/g. As a result of the formation of $SnO_2$ and $TiO_2$ layers, the magnetism due to the increase in thickness was reduced by 33% and 40%, respectively, but sufficient magnetic properties were reserved. The photocatalytic efficiency of synthesized materials was measured using methylene blue (MB). The efficiency of the core material was about 4.2%, and as a result of the formation of $SnO_2$ and $TiO_2$ shell, it increased to 73% and 96%, respectively while maintaining a high photocatalytic efficiency. In addition, the antibacterial activity was validated via the inhibition zone by using E. Coli and S. Aureus. The formation of shells resulted in a wider inhibition zone, which is in good agreement with photocatalytic efficiency measurements.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.772-781
• /
• 2018

In this study, we investigated antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytoprotective effects of 50% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction from rhizomes of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of the 50% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction were 621.5 and $253.0{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Total antioxidant capacities ($OSC_{50}$) of the extract and fraction were 13.6 and $3.0{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the ethyl acetate fraction for Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were 156, $1,250{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, indicating similar or higher levels of those of using methyl paraben. Cytoprotective effects of the 50% ethanol extract against $^1O_2$-induced cellular damage (${\tau}_{50}$) showed in a dose dependent manner at 4 to $64{\mu}g/mL$. ${\tau}_{50}$ of the 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol at $16{\mu}g/mL$ were 36.4, 45.0 and 45.8 min respectively, and the ethyl acetate fraction showed cytoprotective effects similar to (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol. In ultraviolet B radiation-induced HaCaT cell damage, the ethyl acetate fraction decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) up to 45.9% at $8{\mu}g/mL$. Also in $H_2O_2$-induced HaCaT cell damage, the ethyl acetate fraction significantly increased the cell viability at $0.5{\sim}8.0{\mu}g/mL$. As a result of chemical analyses of the ethyl acetate fraction, the presence of flavonoids and polyphenol such as irisflorentin, irigenin, tectorigenin, resveratrol, iridin and tectoridin were identified. In conclusion, the extract/fraction from rhizomes of B. chinensis can be applied as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial material to cosmetics.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.38-45
• /
• 2019

Recycling of drained nutrient solution in hydroponic cultivation of horticultural crops is important in the conservation of the water resources, reduction of production costs and prevention of environmental contamination. Objective of this research was to obtain the fundamental data for the development of a recirculation system of hydroponic solution in semi-forcing cultivation of 'Bonus' tomato. To achieve the objective, tomato plants were cultivated for 110 days and the contents of inorganic elements in plant, supplied and drained nutrient solution were analyzed when crop growth were in the flowering stage of 2nd to 8th fruiting nodes. The T-N content of the plants based on above-ground tissue were 4.1% at the flowering stage of 2nd fruiting nodes (just after transplanting), and gradually get lowered to 3.9% at the flowering stage of 8th fruiting nodes. The tissue P contents were also high in very early stage of growth and development and were maintained to similar contents in the flowering stage of 3rd to 7th fruiting nodes, but were lowed in 8th node stages. The tissue Ca, Mg and Na contents in early growth stages were lower than late growth stages and the contents showed tendencies to rise as plants grew. The concentration differences of supplied nutrient solution and drained solution in $NO_3-N$, P, K, Ca, and Mg were not significant until 5 weeks after transplanting, but the concentration of those elements in drained solution rose gradually and maintained higher than those in supplied solution. The concentrations of B, Fe, and Na in drained solution were slightly higher in the early stages of growth and development and were significantly higher in the mid to late stages of growth than those in supplied solution. The above results would be used as a fundamental data for the correction in the inorganic element concentrations of drained solution for semi-forcing hydroponic cultivation of tomato.