• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2016

This study is focused on analysing the relationship among ethical consumption concept, fair tourism attitude and purchasing intention of ethical consumption on tourism social media with considering risk perception of ethical consumption as a mediator between fair tourism attitude and purchasing intention of ethical consumption. We found the results as follows. First, the statistically positive relationship is found between ethical consumption concept and fair tourism attitude and between fair tourism attitude and purchasing intention of ethical consumption. And also we observed that the moderating effects of risk perception of ethical consumption on the relationship between fair tourism attitude and purchasing intention of ethical consumption. The most important is resulted as offering fair tourism information through social media.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.57-81
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to propose the curriculum of consumer life field in Home Economics Education(HEE) to raise people who practice 'ethical consumption'. For this purpose, this study established the concept of ethical consumption through an academic review of the concept of ethical consumption first. Ethical consumption is to the practice of consumption that fulfills personal and social responsibilities to change human life happily. In this study, we find out how the consumer life area in the HEE curriculum has been educated and we propose how to teach the content of ethical consumption in HEE curriculum by critically examining the content of ethical consumption presented in current HEE textbooks First, in the HEE curriculum, the contents of the consumer life field have been presented since the first curriculum, and the qualitative change has gradually been made as the concept of the consumer culture, but responsible consumption and ethical consumption are not properly reflected in the education and the summit. Second, the revised HEE textbooks of 2015 is necessary to present concrete method of ethical consumption practice because it lacks definite definition of ethical consumption and presents only general contents. Third, the direction of HEE curriculum for ethical consumption practice is responsible and the goal of HEE curriculum is to raise awareness of social responsibility for ethical consumption practice. The contents of HEE curriculum for ethical consumption practice should be included in consumption and consumption, sustainable consumption, and ethical consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1956-1964
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• 2009

Understanding ethical fashion consumers in Korea is essential for the expansion of the ethical fashion market. This study analyzed ethical consumers in Korea in an examination of the factors that influence ethical purchase behavior and attitudes. The differences between ethical fashion consumers and non-ethical fashion consumers were investigated using eight variables (perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE), self-direction, benevolence, universalism, social responsibility, perceived behavioral control, face saving, and group conformity). Data were collected by means of a questionnaire through both on-line and off-line surveys from April 20 to June 7, 2009. Only the respondents knowledgeable of ethical products or ethical consumption were asked to complete the questionnaire. A total of 494 samples were used for analyses. Using independent samples t-test, the differences in each variable between two groups were examined. There were significant differences between ethical fashion consumers and non-ethical fashion consumers in attitudes toward ethical consumption behavior, behavioral intention, PCE, self-direction, universalism, social responsibility, and face saving variables. The factors influencing attitude and behavior intention were investigated by step-wise regression analyses. For ethical fashion consumers, the attitudes to ethical consumption behavior were largely influenced by PCE and benevolence. Social responsibility was the most predictable variable in guiding behavioral intention. Behavioral intention was also influenced by benevolence and attitude. Group conformity was found to be negatively correlated with behavioral intention. The findings of this study provide significant guidance for marketers of ethical fashion products. This study is the start of ethical fashion consumer research in Korea and can develop into variable subfields in the future.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.73-89
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• 2023

This study aimed to analyze 'consumer life' units in middle school home economics textbooks in Korea and Japan based on the ESD concept (diversity, interaction, finiteness, fairness, cooperation, responsibility). The objective was to compare how the ESD concept was reflected in Korean and Japanese textbooks. The analysis focused on the units related to 'adolescent consumer life' in Korean textbooks and 'money management and purchase' as well as 'consumer rights and responsibilities' in Japanese textbooks. Results showed that in Korea, responsibility (23.36%) was most emphasized, followed by interaction (22.43%), cooperation (19.63%), fairness (18.69%), finiteness (10.28%), and diversity (5.61%). In Japan, cooperation (21.74%) and interaction (21.45%) received significant attention, followed by fairness (16.23%), responsibility (13.91%), finiteness (13.33%), and diversity (13.33%). Korean textbooks exhibited a wider range of ESD concept percentages compared to Japan. In the Korean textbooks, responsibility was emphasized for promoting rational and ethical consumption, while Japanese textbooks highlighted cooperation in resolving consumer issues and collaborating with local and international communities to address environmental concerns. Interaction was emphasized regarding the impact of individual and family consumption on society, economy, and the environment. Overall, both Korean and Japanese home economics textbooks reflected elements that foster sustainable consumer behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1047-1062
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• 2009

Nowadays, ethical consumers are increasing and they consider social values such as worker's human rights, environment and animal's welfare as key criteria in purchasing products. This study focused on the academic and practical research of ethical consumption, in which the needs and interests are now growing globally. This study addressed the concept, trend and practices of ethical consumption as well as seeking methods to support and promote ethical consumption. It examined the concept and types of ethical consumption from the perspective of the philosophy on ethical consumption. Ethical consumption was defined as a behavior that intended to improve the environment and the welfare of people and animals by purchasing products produced according to sound ethical principles and avoiding products that are made through the exploitation or the damage of people, animals and the environment. It also dealt with the practices of ethical consumption such as the fair trade movement, Clean Clothes Campaign, boycott, local food movement, animal's welfare movement. In conclusion, I suggested that consumers, companies, governments, and NGOs should make an effort to promote ethical consumption.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze typographic expressions used in recent fashion trends from the perspective of conceptual art and thus identify a variety of meanings. Towards this end, theoretical considerations were made vis-à-vis the main concepts of research, such as typography and conceptual art, and the ready-made, documentation, intervention and language, which are the expressive features of conceptual art, were applied to fashion typography as analytical frameworks. The results are as follows. The ready-made appears in a way that borrows or transforms the visual identity of other brands, and documentation is utilized in a way that lays tautological or contradictory texts together. Intervention arises, while leading to more complex layers of meaning when borrowing the visual identity of the brand, which is conceptually irrelevant. The language is expressed as statements about contemporary social issues, such as environmental protection, ethical consumption and gender problems. Based on the findings of this study, it can be confirmed that in fashion design, typography serves as an effective marketing tool and a medium of social statements. Moreover, it can expand into the possibility of generating new meanings as a novel way of visual expression.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.161-182
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• 2014

As environmental problems such as global warming, and ecocide have a great influence on society, the attention to environmental pollution is being expanded. To solve the environmental problems, the awareness and practice of members of society in question is required. However, it has been found that few people are participating in practising environmental protection in real life. Our main goals are to show that Gamification has great potential in delivering messages for public interest and to suggest guidelines for researchers and public contents developers who engage in designing in relation to Gamification. Based on the domestic and foreign theoretical investigations, we found that Gamification mechanism made based on psychological mechanism of users aims at public interests' value by maximizing motivations of users and spreading social relationships among people. As shown in the case study, if contents are developed by reflecting the elements which stimulate challenging of users, the elements which can express their opinions, and the elements of altruism which form the sympathy in the development of public interest contents in the future, practical participation of people to solve social problems can be expected.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.358-383
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• 2015

The concept of 'carbon footprint' has been developed as a means of quantifying the specific emissions of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) that cause global warming. Although there are still neither clear definitions of the term nor rules for units or the scope of its estimation, it is broadly accepted that the carbon footprint is the total amount of GHGs, expressed as $CO_2$ equivalents, emitted into the atmosphere directly or indirectly at all processes of the production by an individual or organization. According to the ISO/TS 14067, the carbon footprint of a product is calculated by multiplying the units of activity of processes that emit GHGs by emission factor of the processes, and by summing them up. Based on this, 'carbon labelling' system has been implemented in various ways over the world to provide consumers the opportunities of comparison and choice, and to encourage voluntary activities of producers to reduce GHG emissions. In the agricultural sector, as a judgment basis to help purchaser with ethical consumption, 'low-carbon agricultural and livestock products certification' system is expected to have more utilization value. In this process, the 'cradle to gate' approach (which excludes stages for usage and disposal) is mainly used to set the boundaries of the life cycle assessment for agricultural products. The estimation of carbon footprint for the entire agricultural and forestry sector should take both removals and emissions into account in the "National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report". The carbon accumulation in the biomass of perennial trees in cropland should be considered also to reduce the total GHG emissions. In order to accomplish this, tower-based flux measurements can be used, which provide a direct quantification of $CO_2$ exchange during the entire life cycle. Carbon footprint information can be combined with other indicators to develop more holistic assessment indicators for sustainable agricultural and forestry ecosystems.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.58-68
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• 2014

Christian Cay Lorenz Hirschfeld is often regarded as 'a father of landscape garden art.' He was an aesthetics professor and garden theoretician in the $18^{th}$ century. He put forth the most comprehensive garden theory book in five volumes between 1779 and 1785. His book, Theorie der Gartenkunst, was translated and widely circulated in his contemporary. The book, which dealt with diverse aspects of garden art such as history, design, material, and type, urged to promote the prevalence of landscape garden in European continents as well as in Germany. However, there have scarcely been discourses in the Hirschfeld's garden theory. This essay aims to review Hirschfeld's garden thoughts in his book critically and to reinterpret some issues in the contemporary landscape theory and practice. Hirschfeldian theory was the product of $18^{th}$ century German Enlightenment and romanticism. At that time, Nature was regarded as divine realm. There was a German affinity with natural world. The spread of reading culture and the fashion of travel literature were another background of the success of his garden literature. Several issues in Hirschfeld garden theory will discussed here. First, privileging garden art was the most significant contribution in his theory. He emphasized that garden art was the most advanced art form among all art genres. Second, garden art was grounded on the mimesis of nature. The ambiguous relationship between nature and art still existed in garden making. However, garden art can be flourished when utilizing the potency of nature in itself. Third, there was the association between the image and the idea in experiencing the garden. Some garden scenes stimulated the related emotional responses such as cheerful and merry, softly melancholic, romantic, solemn etc. Fourth, the movement was the essential aspect of garden art. Motion and emotion are come together in garden experience. To represent the landscape garden style in suitable way, the sketch or image seems to be preferable than the plans and views. Finally, garden art was composing of not only the physical space but also the spirit of place. He maintained the garden art as hortus moralis should be a social metaphor. Hirschfeldian garden theory has often been criticized as the lack of practical power and the old fashioned idea. However, his theory influenced on formulating the idea of public park in $19^{th}$ century. Moreover, there are still some visionary aspects of his theory such as the reevaluation of garden art, the emphasis of locality and the introduction of Mittelweg idea. Recently, gardening culture are prevalent in various realms of art and life. Hirschfeld's garden theory as humanistic landscape theory can provide us some insights in the contemporary practices.