• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.130-139
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• 2013

Purpose: In this study an examination was done of the effects of a adolescent smoking cessation motivational program on smoking temptation, internal motivation, stage of smoking cessation and quit rate. The study was done with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Participants in the experimental group were adolescents who smoked and were referred to the program by their high school teachers. They participated in the smoking cessation motivational program for 60 minutes per session, once or twice a week for six weeks. Participants in the control group were selected from the same age group within the school and the program was provided after the posttest was completed. t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and ${\chi}^2$-test were used to analyze data. Results: The level of smoking temptation, internal motivation and stage of smoking cessation had significant change in comparison to the pretest whereas the control group did not exhibit these changes. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that a smoking cessation motivational program for adolescents is an effective strategy to increase smoking cessation motivation in adolescents, and can be utilized as an effective intervention for adolescents who smoke.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.77-86
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• 2020

In this study, the importance of implied strength correction for shallow depths at a region of moderate to low seismicity with primary focus on its effect upon site natural period and mean period of the ground motion is investigated. In addition to the most commonly used Modified Kondner-Zelasko (MKZ) model, this paper uses a quadratic/hyperbolic (GQ/H) model that can capture the stress - strain response at large strains as well as small strain stiffness dependence. A total of six site profiles by downhole tests are used and 1D site response analyses are performed using three input motions with contrasting mean periods. The difference between non-corrected and corrected analyses is conditional on the site period as well as mean ground motion period. The effect of periods is analyzed by correlating them with the effective peak ground acceleration, maximum shear strains and amplification factors. The comparative study reveals that the difference is more prominent in soft sites with long site periods. Insignificant differences are observed when soil profiles are subjected to ground motion with very short mean period.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.304-314
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• 2015

We have reviewed the current status of coastal vulnerability index(CVI) to be guided into an appropriate CVI development for Korean coast and applied a methodology into the east coast of Korea to quantify coastal vulnerability by future sea_level rise. The CVIs reviewed includes USGS CVI, sea_level rise CVI, compound CVI, and multi scale CVI. The USGS CVI, expressed into the external forcing of sea_level rise, wave and tide, and adaptive capacity of morphology, erosion and slope, is adopted here for CVI quantification. The range of CVI is 1.826~22.361 with a mean of 7.085 for present condition and increases into 2.887~30.619 with a mean of 12.361 for the year of 2100(1 m sea_level rise). The index "VERY HIGH" is currently 8.57% of the coast and occupies 35.56% in 2100. The pattern of CVI change by sea_level rise is different to different local areas, and Gangneung, Yangyang and Goseong show the highest increase. The land use pattern in the "VERY HIGH" index is dominated by both human system of housing complex, road, cropland, etc, and natural system of sand, wetland, forestry, etc., which suggests existing land utilization should be reframed in the era of climate change. Though CVI approach is highly efficient to deal with a large set of climate scenarios entailed in climate impact assessment due to uncertainties, we also propose three_level assessment for the application of CVI methodology in the site specific adaptation such as first screening assessment by CVI, second scoping assessment by impact model, and final risk quantification with the result of impact model.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2019

The flowering seasons can be advanced due to climate change that would cause an abnormally warm winter. Such warm winter would increase the frequency of crop damages resulted from sudden occurrences of low temperature before and after the vegetative growth stages, e.g., the period from germination to flowering. The degree and pattern of freezing damage would differ by the development stage of each individual fruit tree even in an orchard. A critical temperature, e.g., killing temperature, has been used to predict freeze damage by low-temperature conditions under the assumption that such damage would be associated with the development stage of a fruit flower bud. However, it would be challenging to apply the critical temperature to a region where spatial variation in temperature would be considerably high. In the present study, a phenological model was used to estimate major bud development stages, which would be useful for prediction of regional risks for the freeze damages. We also derived a linear function to calculate a probabilistic freeze risk in spring, which can quantitatively evaluate the risk level based solely on forecasted weather data. We calculated the dates of freeze damage occurrences and spatial risk distribution according to main production areas by applying the spring freeze risk function to apple, peach, and pear crops in 2018. It was predicted that the most extensive low-temperature associated freeze damage could have occurred on April 8. It was also found that the risk function was useful to identify the main production areas where the greatest damage to a given crop could occur. These results suggest that the freezing damage associated with the occurrence of low-temperature events could decrease providing early warning for growers to respond abnormal weather conditions for their farm.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.10
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• pp.887-895
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• 2014

Drowsy driving is a large proportion of the total car accidents. For this reason, drowsiness detection and warning system for drivers has recently become a very important issue. Monitoring physiological signals provides the possibility of detecting features of drowsiness and fatigue of drivers. Many researches have been published that to measure electroencephalogram(EEG) signals is the effective way in order to be aware of fatigue and drowsiness of drivers. The aim of this study is to extract drowsiness-related features from a set of EEG signals and to classify the features into three states: alertness, transition, and drowsiness. This paper proposes a drowsiness detection system using errors-in-variables(EIV) for extraction of feature vectors and multilayer perceptron (MLP) for classification. The proposed method evaluates robustness for noise and compares to the previous one using linear predictive coding (LPC) combined with MLP. From evaluation results, we conclude that the proposed scheme outperforms the previous one in the low signal-to-noise ratio regime.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.17 no.3 s.76
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• pp.263-270
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• 2005

This paper presents a program for protecting vehicles against side winds on highways. The present study consists of three processes. The first one involves giving a guideline for evaluating driving safety in high winds. The second one involves making a guideline for determining the necessity of wind protection system for a certain road area. A reasonable procedure is suggested based on the probability model of wind data on weather stations and the correction of local topographical conditions. The third one involves design of wind barriers. Both CFD analyses and wind tunnel tests were performed to find the proper type of wind barrier considering vehicle controllability, structural safety, economical efficiency as well as driver's visibility. Performance of the designed wind fences was verified from field tests. The performance of the four different types of wind barrier installed at the elevated bridge were tested and some of the results were provided.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.57-67
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• 2009

The psychosocial stress and musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) have been one of major health problems for hospital workers. This study tried to understand the relationship between symptoms associated with MSDs and risk factors such as working posture, job stress, psychosocial stress and fatigue. A total number of 655 hospital workers participated in this study. Specifically, REBA was applied for evaluating working posture and a checklist prepared by KOSHA(Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency) was used for symptom survey. A questionnaire from KOSHA was also used for collecting data associated with job stress, psychosocial stress and fatigue. All these data were formulated and modeled by path analysis which was one of major statistical tools in this study. Specifically, path analysis for the data we collected came up with several major findings. As a result, as for body part(neck), (waist) and (arms) the degree of risk of work posture measured with the use of job stress(KOSS), psycho-social stress(PWI-SF) and REBA is significantly more affected by fatigue than muscular skeletal disease related consciousness symptom. However, regarding bod(wrist), the degree of risk of work posture measured with the use of job stress(KOSS) and REBA is directly affected by muscular skeletal disease related consciousness symptom. This study is meaningful in that the study clarified the causal relations of the degree of risk of work posture, degree of fatigue, and muscular skeletal disease related consciousness symptoms by each body part measured with the use of work stress(KOSS), psycho-social stress(PWI-SF) and REBA.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.9 no.spc3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2006

This paper predict user acceptance of smart clothing. The present research develops and validates new products for smart clothing. Studies suggest that further analysis of the process be undertaken to better establish properties for smart clothing, underlying structures and stability over innovative technologies. The findings reported in this paper should be useful methods which identify user needs. such findings in now provide a way to explain technology acceptance. Both of qualitative and quantitative methods, were applied to this study in order to find out user needs for smart clothing. We are writing scenarios and conducting both focused group interviews and a survey to assess the user's interest. The purpose of the survey is to evaluate the importance of the functions and to evaluate the degree of the participant's feeling and attitude. Furthermore, we explore the nature and specific influences of factors that may affect the user perception and usage.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.64-71
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• 2004

This paper describes the result of the pump room fire analysis of the nuclear power plant using CFAST fire modeling code developed by NIST. The sensitivity studies are performed over the input parameters of CFAST: the constrained or unconstrained fire, Lower Oxygen Limit (LOL), Radiative Fraction (RF), and the opening ratio of the fire doors. According to the results, a pump room fire is the ventilation-controlled fire, so it is adequate that the value of LOL is 10% which is also the default value. It is anlayzed that the Radiative Fraction does not affect the temperature of the upper gas layer. It is appeared that the integrity of the cable located at the upper layer is maintained except for the safety pump at the fire area and the Conditional Core Damage Probability (CCDP) is 9.25E-07. It seems that CCDP result is more realistic and less uncertain than that of Fire Hazard Analysis (FHA).

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.823-832
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• 2011

Recently, as the project becomes larger and the number of project increases by the information system integration in the public and financial sectors, it is necessary to have a proper plan to manage the information system project. There have been many researches about the project management, success elements and failure elements, but the research on the interrelation between project management areas leaves much to be desired. This research deduces the scope, schedule, quality, work force and risk as the project management areas from the preceding research and the questionnaire and interview with PM developers, information system builders and data processing experts. And, it analyzes the interrelation and the relative importance between management areas, classifies the progress of the management areas under plan, implementation and completion stage and presents the frame to evaluate the accomplishment of each progress.