• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.1000-1015
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for hand gesture recognition. The hand detection method is based on human skin color, and we use the boundary energy information to locate the hand region accurately, then the moment method will be employed to locate the hand palm center. Hand gesture recognition can be separated into 2 step: firstly, the hand posture recognition: we employ the parallel NNs to deal with problem of hand posture recognition, pattern of a hand posture can be extracted by utilize the fitting ellipses method, which separates the detected hand region by 12 ellipses and calculates the white pixels rate in ellipse line. the pattern will be input to the NNs with 12 input nodes, the NNs contains 4 output nodes, each output node out a value within 0~1, the posture is then represented by composed of the 4 output codes. Secondly, the hand gesture tracking and recognition: we employed the Kalman filter to predict the position information of gesture to create the position sequence, distance relationship between positions will be used to confirm the gesture. The simulation have been performed on Windows XP to evaluate the efficiency of the algorithm, for recognizing the hand posture, we used 300 training images to train the recognizing machine and used 200 images to test the machine, the correct number is up to 194. And for testing the hand tracking recognition part, we make 1200 times gesture (each gesture 400 times), the total correct number is 1002 times. These results shows that the proposed gesture recognition algorithm can achieve an endurable job for detecting the hand and its' gesture.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.236-248
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• 2004

This study was carried out to propose improvement planting method by the research and analysis of planting concept, planting density, planting style and pattern in apartment complex, Seoul. Survey sites were selected by reflecting the change of green area ratio : Hawgok Jugong apartment complex, Gangseo-gu(1974), Samik-green apartment complex, Gangdong-gu(1980), Dongsindaea apartment complex, Gangseo-gu(1992). Green area in apartment complex was classified with front green area, side green area, and back-side green area. Planting concept that composed of landscape planting concept but anyother concept was not, was similar to all sites not differ from creation time. And planted species was not differ from planting style. Planting density was of both conopyㆍunder story layer was 0.0∼0.2 tree/$m^2$, and that of shrub layer was 0.0∼0.5 tree/$m^2$ Shrub layer planting density was insufficient and the density was not changed according to the creation time. Canopyㆍunderstory and shrub was planted to another green space, not concern with multi-layer structure. Planting pattern was utilized to single planting, linear planting, and random triangle planting, but it was not to the change that in each green space planting concept. Green area in apartment complex should be variety according to planting density, planting structure and planting pattern. And we should get the function of covering and beauty in case of front green space, that of ecological environment and increasing green volume in case of back-side green area, that of increasing green volume in case of side green area, apartment complex.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.10C no.6
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• pp.747-754
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• 2003

Thia paper suggests a milti user-authentication system comprises that DNA biometric informatiom, owner's RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) smartcard of hardware token, and PKI digital signqture of software. This system improved items proposed in [1] as follows : this mechanism provides one RFID smartcard instead of two user-authentication smartcard(the biometric registered seal card and the DNA personal ID card), and solbers user information exposure as RFID of low proce when the card is lost. In addition, this can be perfect multi user-autentication system to enable identification even in cases such as identical twins, the DNA collected from the blood of patient who has undergone a medical procedure involving blood replacement and the DNA of the blood donor, mutation in the DNA base of cancer cells and other cells. Therefore, the proposed system is applied to terminal log-on with RFID smart card that stores accurate digital DNA biometric information instead of present biometric user-authentication system with the card is lost, which doesn't expose any personal DNA information. The security of PKI digital signature private key can be improved because secure pseudo random number generator can generate infinite one-time pseudo randon number corresponding to a user ID to keep private key of PKI digital signature securely whenever authenticated users access a system. Un addition, this user-authentication system can be used in credit card, resident card, passport, etc. acceletating the use of biometric RFID smart' card. The security of proposed system is shown by statistical anaysis.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.29 no.1_2
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• pp.42-52
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• 2002

Information extraction(IE) is a process of recognizing and fetching particular information fragments from a document. In previous work, most IE systems generate the extraction rules called the wrappers manually, and although this manual wrapper generation may achieve more correct extraction, it reveals some problems in flexibility, extensibility, and efficiency. Some other researches that employ automatic ways of generating wrappers are also experiencing difficulties in acquiring and representing useful domain knowledge and in coping with the structural heterogeneity among different information sources, and as a result, the real-world information sources with complex document structures could not be correctly analyzed. In order to resolve these problems, this paper presents an agent-based information extraction system named XTROS that exploits the domain knowledge to learn from documents in a semi-structured information source. This system generates a wrapper for each information source automatically and performs information extraction and information integration by applying this wrapper to the corresponding source. In XTROS, both the domain knowledge and the wrapper are represented as XML-type documents. The wrapper generation algorithm first recognizes the meaning of each logical line of a sample document by using the domain knowledge, and then finds the most frequent pattern from the sequence of semantic representations of the logical lines. Eventually, the location and the structure of this pattern represented by an XML document becomes the wrapper. By testing XTROS on several real-estate information sites, we claim that it creates the correct wrappers for most Web sources and consequently facilitates effective information extraction and integration for heterogeneous and complex information sources.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1517-1524
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• 2014

In recent years, the interest of environmental-friendly transportation modes has been growing. This is because of social and environmental problems such as increasing gas price and climate change. In Europe, bike-sharing service, one of the environmental-friendly transportation modes, has been already operated. Bike-sharing service named "Tashu" has been operated in Daejeon city since 2009. This study is a fundamental research to increase utilization efficiency of bike-sharing service and to decide optimal locations of bike stations. In addition this study examines characteristics of bike usage and analyzes factors affecting to demands using multiple regression model. Based on the result of examining of characteristics of bike usage, the rate of bike usage is higher compared with installation rate of public bike stations near parks in Daejeon. In addition demands of bike usage in weekend is higher than in weekday. It reveals that the main purpose of bike usage could be recreational activities. The return rate at the same location with rental station is comparatively high. Moreover, bike usage pattern is biased in specific areas (Dunsan and Yuseong) because bike-sharing stations are not equally located. As a result of multiple regression model, the factors affecting to demands are number of passengers in buses, length of bike lanes, parks, distance to waterfront, and rate of young people. A statistical significance of factors (r-square) is 0.748, which has strong relationship.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.151-157
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• 2014

Diverse and complex facilities have been on the increase in urban areas in accordance with rapid urbanization. Along the lines of the increase in facilities, the risk of fire has increased. In particular, fire accidents as well as traffic accidents accounted for the highest rate in artificial disasters. Therefore, the National Fire Information Systems managed by the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) appeared for the effective fire management. The NEMA has provided the public with the Internet services regarding information about fire outbreak since 2007. This study acquired data from both NEMA and the Jinju City Fire Department. It constructed the fire data of Jinju City and calculated the change in spatial density targeting fire, occurred in Jinju city with a view to examining the fire risk of facilities by conducting a time series analysis on the trends of fire outbreak over a span of periods between 2007 and 2013. It also conducted an analysis of Moran's I, Getis-Ord Gi. Therefore, it came to select higher hot spots in terms of fire location and fire density. In addition, it attempted to calculate the levels of fire hazard by drawing up the matrix of personal injury and property damage, depending on facilities to present the methods, which can predict the risk of fire occurrence in urban areas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 2015

This study is investigated the effect of sensitivity upon pattern of the four-digit personal identification numbers(PINs) of A-university students. Under survey 2, PINs were collected after each student had information about his PINs were used in disclose his test scores, But Under survey 1, each student didn't have. Survey 2 is viewed more sensitive situation than survey 1 to students. The rate of occurrences of most common PINs which were created by the reason of easiness to remember or to use without caution, in survey 2 is five times less than survey 1 and using rate of girl students are considerably less than that of boys. By comparing frequencies of digits used at each position, it is found that significant differences exist between two surveys in the first, second and forth position except third. PINs are represented by the polygonal graph with that X-axis shows position and Y-axis shows digits from 0 to 9 used at each position. There are many different figures between two surveys. This study shows that students are more anxious about using the PINs in survey 2 which is viewed more sensitive than survey 1.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.269-281
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• 2016

The process of spatial big data, such as social media, is being paid more attention in the field of spatial information in recent years. This study, as an example of spatial big data analysis, analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of Tweet data based on the location and time information. In addition, the characteristics of its spatial pattern by times were identified. Tweet data in Busan city are collected, processed, and analyzed to identify the characteristics of the temporal and spatial pattern. Then, the results of Tweet data analysis were compared with the characteristics of the land type. This study found that spatial pattern of tweeting in the city was associated with given time periods such as daytime and nighttime in both weekdays and weekends. The spatial distribution patterns of individual time periods were compared with the characteristics of the land for the spatially concentrated area. The results of this study showed that tweeted data would be related to different spatial distribution depending on the time, which potentially reflects the daily pattern and characteristics of the land type of urban area to some extent. This study presented the possible incorporation of social media data, e. g. Tweet data, into the field of spatial information. It is expected that there will be more advantage to use a variety of social media data in areas such as land planning and urban planning.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.514-526
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• 2004

Microarray is a new technique for gene expression experiment, which has gained biologist's attention for recent years. This technology enables us to obtain hundreds and thousands of expression of gene or genotype at once using microarray Since it requires manual work to analyze patterns of gene expression, we want to develop an effective and automated tools to analyze microarray image. However it is difficult to analyze DNA chip images automatically due to several problems such as the variation of spot position, the irregularity of spot shape and size, and sample contamination. Especially, one of the most difficult problems in microarray analysis is the block and spot addressing, which is performed by manual or semi automated work in all the commercial tools. In this paper we propose a new algorithm to address the position of spot and block using a new concept of regular structure grid searching. In our algorithm, first we construct maximal I-regular sequences from the set of input points. Secondly we calculate the rotational angle and unit distance. Finally, we construct I-regularity graph by allowing pseudo points and then we compute the spot/block address using this graph. Experiment results showed that our algorithm is highly robust and reliable. Supplement information is available on http://jade.cs.pusan.ac.kr/~autogrid.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.3B
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• pp.235-246
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• 2009

The number of industry wireless networks based on IEEE 802.11 WLAN technology deployed in large outdoor work sites, such as freight container terminal, is increasing these days. Wider service coverage, frequent movements of stations and high requirement on service reliability are main characteristics of these networks compared to the conventional IEEE 802.11 networks used in home, office and school. While the importance of these networks Bets higher, we can hardly find previous studies including concrete analysis on these networks based on actual experiments. We carried out several field experiments at a freight container terminal to analyze its IEEE 802.11 network and found out some problematic situations, such as over 50% retransmission rates and frequent disruption of communication link while a station is moving. We explain why these problematic situations happen and suggest some solutions, such as application of mesh technology, smart handoff based on location and movement pattern and adjustment of signal strength and channel allocation. Methods and tools used in the experiments are also detailed in the paper which may be helpful for similar future studies.