• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.409-418
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary probiotics and immunomodulator on growth performance, carcass characteristics, fecal $NH_3$ content and pathogenic bacteria counts in ileum and cecum and ileum of broiler chicken (Korean native chicken, HanHyup No. 3). A total of 120 (day-old) chicks were randomly divided into 5 treatments with 3 replicates and there were 8 birds per replicate. Dietary treatments consisted of five diets; the corn-soybean based control diet (C), the diet containing antibiotics (Avilamycin) 10 ppm (T1), the diet containing probiotics 1 [(Lactobacillus ($4.45{\times}10^6$) + yeast ($1.51{\times}10^6$) + Bacillus subtilis ($3.50{\times}10^5$)] at 0.5% level (T2), probiotics 2 [(Lactobacillus ($6.70{\times}10^7$) + yeast ($3.10{\times}10^6$)] at 0.5% level in diet (T3), and the diet containing probiotics 3 [T2 + ${\beta}$-glucan + organic acid] (T4) and raised for 9 weeks. There were no significant differences among treatments in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion. Carcass ratios of broilers were higher in T3 and T4 than other treatments, however, the differences were non-significant. Internal organs and liver, heart weight were significantly increased in T4 (p<0.05) compared to other treatments. The fecal $NH_3$ gas content was decreased (p<0.05) in antibiotics fed group than others. However, probiotic fed groups were not different when compared with control. The number of Salmonella and E. coli in cecum were reduced in the group supplemented with probiotics and immunomodulator compared to the antibiotics (p<0.05). In this experiment, we showed that diets containing pro-biotics and immunomodulator were capable of an alternative to antibiotics.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 1975

These studies were conducted to induce the available mutants in Takju yeasts by the irradiation of UV light. Two original strains(5-Y-5, 6-Y-6) using for irradiation of UV selected from 24 strains which were isolated from the Takju mashes And Nuruks collected from 12 local regions of Chungnam and Chungbuk provinces in Korea, and the irradiations to the yeasts with UV light were carried out at a distance 10-40cm from the sources of irradiation for 10-220 seconds. The purpose of this experiment is to report the effects of irradiating distances and times of UV light on the survival ratio of orginal yeasts, and the identification of two orginal yeasts and three mutants induced by the irradiation of UV light. The results were summarized as follows. 1) The effects of irradiating distances and times on the survival ratio on the yeasts were represented as follows. and acid productivity to the survival strains by the irradiation of UV light. The selected mutants were the strains 30-24, 40-27 which have more powerful fermentability about 10 percent than those of original strains and a strain 30-81 which have potential acid productivity. 3) The selected yeasts (5-Y-5, 6-Y-6) were identified to Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a taxonomic study of Lodder and the mutants(30-81, 40-27, 30-81) induced from above yeasts by the irradiation of UV light have almost same properties two orginal yeasts in the identical characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.196-202
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• 2009

The effects of the salts fortified with seaweed functional components on blood pressure, serum minerals, and hematochemicals in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR/NCrj) and normotensive rats (WKY/NCrj) were investigated. SHR and WKY rats were assigned to four groups, with 8 and 6 rats in each group: laver salt (A), fucoidan+laver high salt (B), fucoidan + laver low salt (C) and refined salt as a control (D). The final blood pressure (BP) of SHR and WKY species in contrast with reference BP were low in groups A and C as compared with control group. In terms of serum mineral content, $Na^+$ levels were similar in SHR and WKY, but $K^+$ levels were higher in the group B in SHR. Serum triglyceride levels were lower in groups A and C, but the levels of HDL- and LDL- cholesterol were significantly higher and lower in group A than those of controls, respectively (p<0.05). These results demonstrated that the salts fortified with laver might suppress blood pressure in rats, and also may improve mineral and lipid metabolism.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of enzyme complex on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and feed cost in growing pigs. Ninety-six pigs [(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc, $22.96{\pm}0.79$ kg average initial body weight] were used in 42d growth assay. Dietary treatments included:1) HC (high energy and nutrient density diet), 2) CON (control, basal diet), 3) CE1 (CON + 0.05% enzyme complex) and 4) CE2 (CON + 0.1% enzyme complex). Four pigs were allotted per pen with six replicate pens per treatment by completely randomized design. The ADG was higher in CE1 and CE2 treatments than CON treatment (P<0.05). The ADFI was linearly increased by CE treatments compared to HC treatment. The CE1 treatment had highest DM, N and GE digestibility (P<0.05). Digestibility of DM, N and GE were quadratic enhanced by enzyme complex level. No differences were found among treatments for creatinine and BUN. The enzyme complex treatments (CE1 and CE2) showed lower feed cost/body weight gain than HC treatment. In conclusion, enzyme complex can improve ADG and reduce feed cost/body weight gain when low energy diet was used. Furthermore adding 0.05% enzyme complex had highest nutrient digestibility.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.151-156
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• 2002

Root zone cooling, such as soil or nutrient solution cooling, is less expensive than air cooling in the whole greenhouse and is effective in promoting root activity, improving water absorption rate, decreasing plant temperature, and reducing high temperature stress. The heat transfer of a soil cooling system in a plastic greenhouse was analyzed to estimate cooling loads. The thermal conductivity of soil, calculated by measured heat fluxes in the soil, showed the positive correlation with the soil water content. It ranged from 0.83 to 0.96 W.m$^{[-10]}$ .$^{\circ}C$$^{[-10]}$ at 19 to 36％ of soil water contents. As the indoor solar radiation increased, the temperature difference between soil surface and indoor air linearly increased. At 300 to 800 W.m$^{-2}$ of indoor solar radiations, the soil surface temperature rose from 3.5 to 7.$0^{\circ}C$ in bare ground and 1.0 to 2.5$^{\circ}C$ under the canopy. Cooling loads in the root zone soil were estimated with solar radiation, soil water content, and temperature difference between air and soil. At 300 to 600 W.m$^{-2}$ of indoor solar radiations and 20 to 40％ of soil water contents,46 to 59 W.m$^{-2}$ of soil cooling loads are required to maintain the temperature difference of 1$0^{\circ}C$ between indoor air and root zone soil.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1541-1548
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• 2011

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of the addition of different levels of CFP (Cordyceps with fly pupa) on growth performance in broiler chickens. 400 broiler chicks (Ross 308, 1 day old) were sorted randomly into 4 treatment groups and fed experimental diets for 35 days. The treatment groups were divided into a control group not fed with CFP (T1), and treatment groups fed with CFP 2.0% (T2), CFP 3.5% (T3), and CFP 5.0% (T4). Although the broilers' weight gain and feed efficiency were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the T3 group throughout the entirety of the test period, no statistically significant differences were noted among the T1 and T2, T4 groups. Triglyceride in the blood, total cholesterol, and LDL-C were significantly lower in the CFP treatment groups than in the control group (p<0.05). The blood lipid reduction rate ranged from 5.32 to 10.63% for triglycerides, from 9.23 to 12.62% for total cholesterol, and from 44.67 to 53.81% for LDL-C in the CFP treatment groups relative to the control group. The abdominal fat weight ratio was reduced significantly in the CFP treatment groups (p<0.05) compared with the control group, with a reduction rate range of 17.67-21.68%. Broiler carcass weight, carcass rate, and ratios of breast muscle, skin and thigh muscle weights to carcass weight were significantly higher in the T3 group, and statistically significant differences were noted among the T1 and T2, T4 groups (p<0.05). Enteropathogenic E.coli and Salmonella were lower in the CFP treatment groups than in the control group, whereas the beneficial bacteria Bifidobacteria were significantly higher in the CFP treatment groups than in the control group (p<0.05). These findings suggest that the Cordyceps with fly pupa can improve the carcass characteristics and body weight gain in broiler chickens.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.142-151
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• 2020

This study is designed to deduce an implication for an effective implementation of the Special Act for Conservation, Management and Utilization of World Heritage in Korea which was legislated in February, 2020. To draw an implication, which is regarded as highly valuable for preparing for the implementation of the act, several case studies were performed focusing on four World Natural Heritage sites in Japan, and the result is as follows. First, it is enormously crucial for the central administration agencies and the local government to have a system through which they communicate one another regularly. All the target areas in Japan consist of three national parks and a prefectural park with natural monuments, and the national forest covers a tremendously large proportion of the areas. The Japanese central agencies including Ministry of the Environment, Forestry Agency and Agency for Cultural Affairs have communication with the local government through a system named Regional Liaison Committee in order to manage the sites effectively. Also, in the case of Japan, de facto administrating agencies involving non-profit organizations and the tourism association also participate in the regular conferences to communicate. Second, a specific committee consisting of academic advisers is strongly needed. In the case of Japan, Scientific Committee provides academic grounds for the management plan established by the members of Regional Liaison Committee, and an active system which allows the members to organize consultative committees and subcommittees has been established. Scientific Committee plays an important role in preventing the local government, which tends to manage the world natural heritage in more economically profitable ways, from damaging the environment of the site. The establishment of this type of committee is thought to be extremely desirable because the World Natural Heritage requires comprehensive and sustainable management plans on the ecosystem. Third, establishment of comprehensive management plan based on continuous monitoring on the environment and detailed action plan is exceedingly needed. To sum up, it is vital to establish a management plan considering environmental aspect, and detailed guidelines, which help execute the plan both properly and effectively, are required for systematic and sustainable management.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.233-239
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to survey the knowledge and awareness of dental hygienists and dental hygiene students about hepatitis B in an attempt to lay the solid foundation for the prevention of hepatitis B and infection control, as dental hygienists were highly likely to be exposed to HBV during job performance. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. 32.5% of the dental hygienists and 15.6% of the dental hygiene students were aware of their own HBsAg and HBsAb states. The dental hygienists who were cognizant of the states statistically significantly outnumbered the dental hygiene students who were (p=.000). 2. As for vaccination against hepatitis B, 71.8% of the dental hygienists and 47.3 % of the dental hygiene students were inoculated against it. The dental hygienists who were vaccinated against it outnumbered the dental hygiene students who were, and the disparity between the two was statistically significant (p=.000). 3. In the event of those who were vaccinated against hepatitis B, the dental hygienists were better cognizant than the dental hygiene students of the right time for the vaccination, required vaccination frequency (three times) and confirmation of the formation of hepatitis B antibody (p=.000). 4. Regarding awareness of hepatitis B infection route, the dental hygienists knew significantly better than the dental hygiene students that hepatitis B might be infected via blood (p=.030), sexual relations (p=.000), contaminated needle sticks (p=.000), mothers with hepatitis B positive during delivery (p=.000), toothbrushes/razors (p=.000) and exchange of drinking cups (p=.000). 5. As to the relationship between health status and knowledge on hepatitis B infection route, the respondents who were in bad shape had the best knowledge about that, followed by those in an average state of health and healthy respondents. And the dental hygienists had a significantly better knowledge than the dental hygiene students (p=.001). 6. Just a small number of the dental hygienists and students knew about the hepatitis B-related past experiences of their families, and the gap between the two was insignificant.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2007

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of fermented wild-ginseng culture by-product on egg production, egg quality and blood characteristics in laying hens. A total of 216 ISA Brown laying hens, 55 wk of age, were used in the 6-wk feeding trial. Experimental diets were consisted of basal diet (CON), 2.5% fermented wild-ginseng culture by-product replaced lupin in basal diet (WG1) and 5.0% fermented wild-ginseng culture by-product replaced lupin in basal diet (WG2). Birds were randomly allotted to 18 replicate pens. There were 6 replicates per treatment, and 12 laying hens per replicate. Through the 6-wk feeding trial, egg production was significantly increased in WG1 and WG2 treatments compared to CON (P<0.05). Egg weight was significantly higher in WG2 than CON (P<0.05). WG1 resulted higher yolk color than CON (P<0.05). Albumen height and Haugh unit were significantly improve in WG1 compared to WG2 (P<0.05). Red blood cell was significantly lower in WG2 than CON (P<0.05). LDL-cholesterol was significantly decreased in CON compared to WG2 (P<0.05). In conclusion, fermented wild-ginseng culture by-product could improve egg production and egg weight in laying hens.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 1996

Purpose : To find the more effective treatment methods that improving the survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme(GBM), we analyze the prognostic factors and the outcome of therapy in patients with GBM. Materials and Methods : One hundred twently-one patients with a diagnosis of GBM treated at Severance Hospital between 1973 and 1993 were analyzed for survival with respect to patients characteristics, that is, duration of symptom, age, and Karnofsky performance status, as well as treatment related variables such as extent of surgery and radiotherapy. Results : The median survival time(MST) and 2-year overall survival rate (OSR) of the patients with GBM were 13 months and $20.8\%$, respectively. Duration of symptom, age, Karnofsky performance status(KPS), radiotherapy, and extent of surgical resection were associated with improved survial in a univariate analysis. Patients whose duration of symptom was longer than 3 months, had the 2-year OSR of $47.2\%$(p=0.0082), who were younger than age 50, $32.9\%$(p=0.0003) In patients with a KPS of 80 or higher, the 2-rear OSR was $36.9\%$(p=0.0422). Patients undergoing radiotherapy had the 2-year OSR of $22.9\%$(p=0.0030), and surgical resection of $23.3\%$ (p<0.000). A Cox regression model confirmed a significant correlation of duration of symptom, age, radiotherapy, and extent of surgical resection with survival, excluding KPS(P=0.8823). The 2-year OSR were $22.3\%$ and $19.4\%$, combined with chemotherapy or without, respectively(p=0.6028). The duration of symptom of 3 months or shorter, 50 years of age or older, and undergoing stereotactic biopsy only were considered as risk factors, then patients without any risk factors had the MST of 29 months and 2-year OSR of $53.9\%$ compared to 4 months and $0\%$ for Patients who had all 3 risk factors. Most of all treatment failures occurred in the primary tumor site($80.4\%$). Conclusion : The duration of symptom, age, radiotherapy, and extent of surgical resection were a prognostically significant indeuendent variables. To get a better survival, it seems to be reasonable that the study design which improves the local control rates is warranted.