• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.382-382
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• 2023

기존의 GRM(Grid based rainfall-Runoff Model)에서는 강우-유출 사상에 대한 유출 모의를 주요 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구에서는 GRM 모형에서 연속형 모의가 가능하도록 차단, 증발산, 융설을 모의할 수 있는 모듈을 개발하였다. 차단은 LAI의 연최댓값과 해당월의 값의 비율을 이용해서 계산하며, 증발산은 Blaney-Criddle, Hamon, Hargreaves, Priestly-Taylor 방법을 적용하였다. 융설은 Anderson에 의해서 제안된 방법을 적용하였다. 연속형 모의를 위한 모델 매개변수 설정 인터페이스를 추가하였으며, 기온, 일사량, 일조시간 등의 기상자료를 입력할 수 있게 하고, 계산된 각 수문성분을 출력할 수 있도록 GRM 모형의 입력과 출력 모듈을 개선하였다. 충주댐 유역을 대상으로 개선된 모형을 적용하였다. 공간자료의 해상도는 500m × 500m로 구축하였으며, 수문학적 지형정보와 토양도, 토지피복도를 구축하였다. 기상자료를 강수량, 일최고 기온, 일최저 기온, 일조시간, 일사량을 적용하였다. 증발산은 Hargreaves 방법을 이용하여 모의하였다. 모의 기간은 2001년 ~ 2018년이며, 이 중 2004년까지의 4년은 모델 warming up 기간으로 하고, 적합도 평가는 2005년 ~ 2018년의 모의결과를 이용하였다. 충주댐 유입량 모의결과를 관측값과 비교하였을 때 Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient(NSE) 0.84, 상관계수 0.92, 총용적 오차는 0.26%를 나타내어 관측유입량을 잘 재현하였다. 그러므로 본 연구에서 개발된 차단, 증발산, 융설 모의 기법은 적절히 구현된 것으로 판단되며, GRM을 이용한 연속형 모의가 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 향후 연구에서는 좀 더 다양한 유역에 대해 GRM을 이용한 연속형 유출모의 결과를 평가할 필요가 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.105-105
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 2차원 비선형 천수모형과 수심평균된 스칼라 이송모형을 해석하는 수치모형에 대해 기술하였다. 수치모형의 정확성을 보장함과 동시에 안정성을 높이기 위해 유한체적법, 플럭스 재구성 및 minmod 제한자를 사용하였다. 비선형 천수방정식의 이송항과 바닥 경사항은 계산된 수심의 양수 보존과 흐름의 정상 상태를 보장하기 위한 second order well-balanced positivity preserving central-upwind method를 이용하여 수치적으로 이산화되었다. 마찬가지로, 이송-확산 방정식 내 이송항은 동일한 2차 풍상차분법을 통해 수치적으로 풀이하였다. 격자점 경계면에서의 불연속으로 인한 수치진동을 방지하기 위해 이송항의 계산에 포함된 보존항의 차이로 인해 발생하는 스칼라의 수치확산을 최소화하기 위해 무차원의 비소산함수를 도입하였다. 또한, 확산항은 유한차분법을 이용하여 이산화하였다. 제안된 수치모형은 시간미분항의 계산을 위해 오일러 기법을 적용하여 계산된 수심 및 스칼라의 양수 보존여부와 함께 정지된 흐름의 정상 상태의 보존여부를 확인하였다. 제안된 수치모형의 해석 정확성을 평가하기 위해 1, 2차원 공간 내 다양한 흐름 조건에서의 해석해를 이용한 3개의 벤치마크 테스트를 수행하였다. 평균 제곱근 오차(Root Mean Squared Error, RMSE)를 산정하여 수치모형의 성능을 정량적으로 평가하였으며, 비소산함수를 적용함에 따라 스칼라의 수치확산이 감소하게 되었음을 확인하였다. 또한, 세 차례의 벤치마크 테스트 결과는 공통적으로 수치모형에 의해 계산된 결과값이 비소산함수를 고려함에 따라 해석해와 잘 일치함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

An automatic optimization technique is used to estimate the optimal parameters of the hydrologic model, and different hydrologic response results can be provided depending on objective functions. In this study, the parameters of the event-based rainfall-runoff model were estimated using various objective functions, the reproducibility of the hydrograph according to the objective functions was evaluated, and appropriate objective functions were proposed. As the rainfall-runoff model, the storage function model(SFM), which is a lumped hydrologic model used for runoff simulation in the current Korean flood forecasting system, was selected. In order to evaluate the reproducibility of the hydrograph for each objective function, 9 rainfall events were selected for the Cheoncheon basin, which is the upstream basin of Yongdam Dam, and widely-used 7 objective functions were selected for parameter estimation of the SFM for each rainfall event. Then, the reproducibility of the simulated hydrograph using the optimal parameter sets based on the different objective functions was analyzed. As a result, RMSE, NSE, and RSR, which include the error square term in the objective function, showed the highest accuracy for all rainfall events except for Event 7. In addition, in the case of PBIAS and VE, which include an error term compared to the observed flow, it also showed relatively stable reproducibility of the hydrograph. However, in the case of MIA, which adjusts parameters sensitive to high flow and low flow simultaneously, the hydrograph reproducibility performance was found to be very low.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2005

A number of carbonyl compounds including formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are well known for their toxicity and irritancy. Hence, acquisition of both qualitative and quantitative tool for their analysis is essential to resolve issues associated with malodor or indoor pollution. Using HPLC/UV method, we examined various aspects involved in the measurements of formaldehyde in environmental samples. The results of our analysis indicated that its detection was made as low as 0.5 ppb (assuming 5 L of sample volume), while its precision was maintained near 2% in terms of relative standard error (RSE). When the stability of calibration was checked by variability of slope values obtained over long-term period (e.g., one month), its values were found to remain constantly with RSE values of 3%. It was also found that liquid-phase reaction between formaldehyde and DNPH proceed very slowly to attain equilibrium (one and half hour), while requiring adequate amount of DNPH to form their derivatives. The overall results of our study thus suggest that there are a number of factors to consider for the accurate analysis of formaldehyde in ambient air.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.575-584
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• 2002

This paper presents a novel DCT-based embedded zero-tree coding and optimal bit allocation algorithm for image sequence coding. In order to fully utilize the structure of the conventional standard coding algorithm and improve the coding efficiency, motion estimation and compensation(ME/MC)-DCT hybrid coding structure and a modified zero-tree coding algorithm are applied. After the rearrangement DCT coefficients into pyramidal structure according to their significance on the decoded image quality, the modified embedded zero-tree coding is performed on layered coefficients. Moreover, for a given overall bit rates, a new optimal bit control scheme is proposed to achieve the best decoded image quality in the consecutive frames. The rate control scheme can also provide the equal quality of decoded image with the control of bit rate and distortion for each frame. The various simulation results are provided to evaluate the coding performance of the proposed scheme.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.12 s.161
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• pp.1051-1060
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• 2005

The present study analyzes hydrologic utilization of optimal radar-derived rainfall by using semi-distributed TOPMODEL and evaluates the impacts of radar rainfall and model parametric uncertainty on a hydrologic model. Monte Carlo technique is used to produce the flow ensembles. The simulated flows from the corrected radar rainfalls with real-time bias adjustment scheme are well agreed to observed flows during 22-26 July 2003. It is shown that radar-derived rainfall is useful for simulating streamflow on a basin scale. These results are diagnose with which radar-rainfall Input and parametric uncertainty influence the character of the flow simulation uncertainty. The main conclusions for this uncertainty analysis are that the radar input uncertainty is less influent than the parametric one, and combined uncertainty with radar and Parametric input can be included the highest uncertainty on a streamflow simulation.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.13-23
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• 2008

In this study, a finite element (FE) model updating method based on the hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) is proposed to improve the grillage FE model for plate girder bridges. HGA consists of a genetic algorithm (GA) and direct search method (DS) based on a modification of Nelder & Mead's simplex optimization method (NMS). Fitness functions based on natural frequencies, mode shapes, and static deflections making use of the measurements and analytical results are also presented to apply in the proposed method. In addition, a multi-objective function has been formulated as a linear combination of fitness functions in order to simultaneously improve both stiffness and mass. The applicability of the proposed method to girder bridge structures has been verified through a numerical example on a two-span continuous grillage FE model, as well as through an experimental test on a simply supported plate girder skew bridge. In addition, the effect of measuring error is considered as random noise, and its effect is investigated by numerical simulation. Through numerical and experimental verification, it has been proven that the proposed method is feasible and effective for FE model updating on plate girder bridges.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.23-35
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• 2009

This study proposes a methodology for estimating representative section travel times using individual vehicle travel information under the ubiquitous transportation environment (UTE). A novel approach is to substantialize a concept of dynamic node-links in processing trajectory data. Also, grouping vehicles was conducted to obtain more reliable travel times representing characteristics of individual vehicle travels. Since the UTE allows us to obtain higher accuracy of vehicle positions, travel times for each lane can be estimated based on the proposed methodology. Evaluation results show that less than 10% of mean absolute percentage error was achievable with 20% of probe vehicle rate. It is expected that outcome of this study is useful for providing more accurate and reliable traffic information services.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.541-552
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• 2002

Two global optimization methods, the SCE-UA method and the Annealing-Simplex(A-S) method for calibrating a daily rainfall-runoff model, a Tank model, was compared with that of the Downhill Simplex method. In synthetic data study, 100% success rates for all objective functions were obtained from the A-S method, and the SCE-UA method was also consistently able to obtain good estimates. The Downhill Simplex method was converged to the true values only when the initial guess was close to the true values. In the historical data study, the A-S method and the SCE-UA method showed consistently good results regardless of objective function. An objective function was developed, which puts more weight on the low flows.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.13 no.5 s.57
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• pp.109-120
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• 2009

This paper introduces a new method to estimate the loss of prestressing force for the externally prestressing tendon. The proposed method that combines of HGA and FEM is able to identify the lost tensile force of a externally prestressed tendon. The identification variables of the proposed method is a exteranlly prestressed tendon of tension, effective nominal diameter, mass per unit length and Rayleigh damping coefficients. First of all, a finite element model system is constructed to consider the effect of damping, and these variables are identified using inverse analysis technique - updating algorithm. Finally, throughout total 3 cases of numerical tests, the numerical propriety of the proposed method is verified. Here, it is seen that the errors in the estimated variables by the proposed method are about 1% except in the case of Rayleigh damping coefficients.