• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.49
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• pp.99-121
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• 2010

Utilizing Q methodology, this study explored typology on journalists' barriers to science reporting. Two research issues were raised: First, what are the subjectivity factors and characteristic feature of journalist's barriers to science reporting; Second, what are the commonalities and differences among them. 20 science journalists were interviewed in-depth to find out their subjectivity factors. Korean journalists' type of barriers to science reporting could be classified into 4 groups as follows: Type I(N=8) is "reporting tendency barrier" type. Type II(N=3) is named for "institutional and systematic framework barrier". Type 3(N=5) belongs to "situational barrier" type. Type 4(N=3) is "scientific knowledge barrier" type.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.2
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• pp.181-191
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to provide the primary sources to improve the problem solving performance by analyzing the errors and the strategies selection of the high school students when solving given algebraic problems. To attain the purpose of this study, the questions for investigation in this study are : 1. What are the differences / similarities in the patterns of errors committed by successful and unsuccessful problem-solvers when solving particular algebraic problems ? 2. What are the error types chosen by unsuccessful problem-solvers when solving particular algebraic problems? 3. Do students utilize checking, either locally or globally, when solving particular algebraic problems? Twenty students were drawn out of 10th grade students in J girls' high school in Yengi -gun, Chung-Nam, for this study. The problem-solving test was used as a test instrument. From the data, the verbal protocols and the written protocols were analyzed by the patterns. The conclusions drawn from the results obtained in the present study are as follows: First, in solving particular algebraic problems, when the problems were solved with one strategy, most students didn't give any consideration to other strategies. So mathematics teachers should teach them to use the various strategies, and should develop the problems to be used the various strategies. Second, in solving particular algebraic problems, errors on notions or transformations of equations were found. Thus, the basic knowledges related to equation should be taught. In addition, most unsuccessful students seleted the strategies inadequately to solve the problems because of misunderstanding the problems. So, to improve the problem solving performance the processes of 'understanding problem' should be emphasized to students. Third, although the unsuccesful students used the 'checking' processes when solving the problems, most of them did not find the errors because of misconceptions related to the problems, carelessness, and unskillfulness of checking. Thus, students must be taught more carefully and encouraged to use the checking.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a method for multi-touch tracking using MRF-based particle filters and gesture likelihood estimation Each touch (of one finger) is considered to be one object. One of frequently occurring issues is the hijacking problem which means that an object tracker can be hijacked by neighboring object. If a predicted particle is close to an adjacent object then the particle's weight should be lowered by analysing the influence of neighboring objects for avoiding hijacking problem. We define a penalty function to lower the weights of those particles. MRF is a graph representation where a node is the location of a target object and an edge describes the adjacent relation of target object. It is easy to utilize MRF as data structure of adjacent objects. Moreover, since MRF graph representation is helpful to analyze multi-touch gestures, we describe how to define gesture likelihoods based on MRF. The experimental results show that the proposed method can avoid the occurrence of hijacking problems and is able to estimate gesture likelihoods with high accuracy.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.31.1-31.1
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• 2009

일반적으로 한국에서 대통력은 고려시대 공민왕 19년(1370)부터 효종 3년(1652)까지 사용된 것으로 알려져 있다. 이는 "고려사"의 "홍무 3년의 대통력을 보내니$\cdots$"와 "증보문헌비고" 상위고의 "효종 4년(1653)에 비로소 시헌력법을 시행하였다"라는 기록에 근거한 것이다. 특히 "증보문헌비고"의 기록과 관련해서는 효종 4년부터 시헌력을 사용하였다는 주장과 효종 4년에 도입하여 5년(1654)부터 사용하였다는 엇갈린 주장들이 있다. 이 연구에서는 한국에서의 대통력 사용 시기를 검증하기 위해 대통력법에 의한 역일 계산 프로그램을 개발하고, 고문헌 및 현존하는 당시 역서들을 분석을 하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대통력이 1370년부터 사용되었는지에 대해서는 제고의 여지가 있지만 적어도 1389년부터는 사용된 것으로 추정된다. 둘째, 조선시대에는 대통력이 효종 4년까지 사용되었고 시헌력은 효종 4년에 도입되어 효종 5년부터 시행되었음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 셋째, "정미년(1667)에 이르러 대통력법으로 고쳐 사용하다가 경술년(1670)부터 도로 시헌력을 사용하였다"라는 "조선왕조실록"의 기록(현종 12년 8월 8일)은 사실임을 검증 할 수 있었다. 관련하여 대통력법에 의하면 1669년에는 윤12월이 있지만 1670년에 다시 시헌력을 도입하게 됨으로써 실제로는 사용되지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 넷째, 선행 연구들에 일부 음력 초하루 일진의 오류가 있음을 발견하였다. 마지막으로, 당시 역서는 보름일자를 정할 때 한양의 일출입분 시각을 참고하였음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이번 연구를 통해 문헌 기록과는 독립적으로 대통력법 시행기간의 각 달의 대소 및 음력 초하루의 일진, 매년의 각 절기 일자 및 시간, 윤달 등을 계산할 수 있게 되었으며, 이는 향후 조선시대 역서 연구에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.295-302
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• 2015

Acoustic channels are characterized by long multipath spreads that cause inter-symbol interference. The way in which this fact influences the design of the receiver structure is considered. To satisfy performance and throughput, we presented consecutive iterative BCJR (Bahl, Cocke, Jelinek, Raviv) equalization to improve the performance and throughput. To achieve low error performance, we resort to powerful BCJR equalization algorithms that iteratively update probabilistic information between inner decoder and outer decoder. Also, to achieve high throughput, we divide long packet into consecutive small packets, and the estimate channel information of previous packets are compensated to next packets. Based on experimental channel response, we confirmed that the performance is improved for long length packet size.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.619-624
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• 2012

In 1969, Y.J. Yun wrote the terrestrial navigation text book that discussed earth sciences, aides to navigation, chart and publications, tide and tidal current, piloting, rhumb-line sailing, great circle sailing grounded on the hand-on background and theory. It has still been used as a principle text book in a lot of maritime academies and schools. And many contents and definitions came from other terrestrial navigation books published in the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and Japan. But some of them have caused the misunderstanding because they had no enough explanation and explained by incorrect items. In this study, we have found out the problems in the terms course and heading which are related with the direction of the vessel movement, and proposed the amended definitions in order to prevent the misunderstanding and confusion. of them.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.2021-2026
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• 2016

In this paper, a system model for transmission of 3-dimensional (3-D) signals is presented and its performance is analyzed. Unlike 2-D signals, no quadrature form expression for the 3-D signals is available. Exploiting a set of orthogonal basis functions, the 3-D signals are transmitted. As a result of computer simulation using very higher-level signal constellations, the 3-D transmission system has significantly improved error performance as compared with the 2-D system. It is considered that the principal reason for such performance improvement is much increased minimum Euclidean distance (MED) of the 3-D lattice constellations compared with the corresponding 2-D ones. When the MEDs of 2-D and 3-D lattice constellation are compared to confirm the analysis, the MED of 3-D 1024-ary constellation is around 2.6 times larger than that of the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Expanding the constellation size to 4096, the MED of 3-D lattice constellation is increased by 3.2 times of the QAM.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1391-1396
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• 2019

With the recent increase in the importance of software, software education is required in elementary schools in Korea. At this point, coding education combining play and education using smart toys is widely used. One of the most widely used smart toys is a block type smart toy. In this study, usability evaluation was performed to improve user's usability for block type smart toy with smartphone application. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, a heuristic technique with experts, one of various usability evaluation techniques, was performed. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the buttons and the switch of the menu were not well distinguished, and the cause of the error was not provided to the user. The results of this study can be the basis for improving the usability of applications for smart toy in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.53-59
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• 2021

When using Medical Information Retrieval services, a typical retrieval method is to use the Anatomic Therapyutic Chemical Classification (ATC) code. Traditional ATC code-based medical information retrieval is very useful for single ingredient product retrieval with single ingredient. However, in the case of complex, retrieval errors often occur. The cause of this problem is that ATC code-based retrieval proceeds by pattern matching ATC code.In this work, we design the mapping scheme based on ATC code by analyzing the requirement scenarios for retrieval based on main ingredient in ATC code-based retrieval. the mapping scheme based on ATC is a schema that stores the ATC code of the complex and all the ATC code of the single agent included in the complex. ATC code-based retrieval using this schema retrieves a complex as ingredient of a single ingredient product, thus having higher accuracy than existing methods. the mapping scheme based on ATC is expected to increase the efficiency of doctors' prescription of patients and increase the accuracy of drug safety use services.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Information Technology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.125-134
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• 2019

As the limitations of the passive recognition domain, which is not guaranteed transparency of the operation process, AI technology has a vulnerability that depends on the data. Human error is inherent because raw data for artificial intelligence learning must be processed and inspected manually to secure data quality for the advancement of AI learning. In this study, we examine the necessity of learning data management before machine learning by analyzing inaccurate cases of AI learning data and cyber security attack method through the approach from cyber security perspective. In order to verify the learning data integrity, this paper presents the direction of data-preserving artificial intelligence system, a blockchain-based learning data environment model. The proposed method is expected to prevent the threats such as cyber attack and data corruption in providing and using data in the open network for data processing and raw data collection.