• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-7
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• 1968

The Capacity of wood to absorb water is very important as the basis data for wood industry, particularly in preservatives impregnation, manufacturing of improved wood, selection of packing boards, etc. In this study differences in Water absorbing Capacity of wood by structual section, water soaking time were investigated. (1) The species used in this investigation were Larix olgensis Henry Var. Koreana Nakai and Juglans mandshurica Max., and dimension of these testing wood block was $30{\times}30{\times}100cm$; and these were soaked in fresh water of $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 8.5day and 0.5 day, before measurement. (2) The result showed that the water absorption by cross sections was greater than by either radial or tangential section and there were no differences between radial and tangential section. (3) The water absorption of Juglans mandshurica Max. which has the relatively low specific gravity was greater than Larix olgensis Henry Var. Koreana Nakai which has generally high specific gravity. (4) The result showed an increase in the absorbed water with increase in the length of soaking time. However the water absorption rate during the early period of soaking was very high and thereafter the rate decreased with passage of time. More than a half of the total water absorption was achieved during the first 2 days approximately. (5) The relationships between the length of the soaking-time and water absorption were found to be as follows : Larix olgensis Henry Var. Koreana Nakai Cross section : $y=111.1{\times}^{0.6516}$ radial section : $y=32.2{\times}^{0.5146}$ tangential section : $y=36.5{\times}^{0.5112}$ Juglans mandshurica Max. Cross section : $y=216.1{\times}^{0.5914}$ radial section : $y=27.9{\times}^{0.5832}$ tangential section : $y=50.9{\times}^{0.4769}$ Where : y is amount of water absorption ($mg/cm^2$) x is water-soaking time (days).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2018

This study examined the type and extent of interruption between induced emotion and succeeding arithmetic operation. The experiment was carried out to determine the influence of the induced emotions (anger, joy, and sorrow) and stimulus types (picture and sentence) on the cognitive process load that may block the interactions among the constituents of working memory. The study subjects were 32 undergraduates who were similar with respect to age and education parameters and were especially instructed to attend to induced emotion by imitation of facial expression and to make a correct decision during the remainder calculation task. In the results, the stimulus types did not exhibit any difference but there was a significant difference among the induced emotion types. The difference was observed in slower response time at positive emotion(joy condition) as compared with other emotions(anger and sorrow). More specifically, error and delayed correct response rate for emotion types were analysed to determine which phase the slower response was associated with. Delayed responses of the joy condition by sentence-inducing stimulus were identified with the error rate difference, and those by picture-inducing stimulus with the delayed correct response rate. These findings not only suggest that induced positive emotion increased response time compared to negative emotions, but also imply that picture-inducing stimulus easily affords arithmetic fluctuation whereas sentence-inducing stimulus results in arithmetic failure.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.615-622
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• 2020

Frangible bullets, which are shredded after impact on a target, reduce the possibility of both ricochet and unexpected injury in shooting training and in mission acts in dams, nuclear power plants, and cultural properties. Reducing the levels of hazardous materials in shooting ranges, such as lead, has become an important agenda for the government and environmental groups. In this study, the shape of a frangible bullet was designed for efficient shredding, and the safety and reliability were confirmed by actual firing under different process conditions. In addition, the physical characteristics, such as compaction pressure, density, and frangibility of each process, were compared by analyzing the microstructure of the sintered frangible bullet. The experiment revealed the smallest fragmentation after impact on the target under the following conditions: Cu-Sn 85:15; sintering temperature, 600℃; sintering time, one hour. Further development of the process conditions and experimental methods will contribute to the performance and environmental improvement of a frangible bullet.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.3
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• pp.277-301
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• 2001

우리가 간단히 사용하는 언어는 실제적으로 아주 복잡한 진행과정을 가지고 있다. 사전상의 각 어휘는 대화상황에서 상호 작용하는 초기단계의 역할을 하며, 표현은 과거나 현재에 행해지는 대화상황 및 대화참여자의 발화 과정에서 생기는 일종의 일체감을 표시한다. 의사 소통을 한다는 것은 단어나 문장에 대한 다양한 의미와 각각의 개념에서 지시되는 표현을 수단으로 발생하는 대화상의 연관성을 의미한다. 이러한 모든 것은 의사소통에 있어 의미의 다양성과 관련을 맺고있다. 우리는 표현을 통하여 매우 복잡하고 다양한 양상들을 볼 수 있다. 대화내용에 따라 똑같은 표현들이 서로 다르게 이해될 수 있기 때문이다. 언어는 단지 사람이 행하는 언어처리의 일부만을 보여줄 뿐이다 언어를 처리하는데 있어서 문제가 되는 것은 매우 복잡하고 구성적인 진행과정이다. 청자는 의사소통이 진행되는 과정에서 활자와 함께 주어진 정보를 처리함으로써 상황을 내적 형상화하게 된다. 따라서 청자는 표현의 의미를 이해하려고 노력하며, 다양한 방법을 동원한 지식을 사용한다. 의사소통에 있어서 통사적$\cdot$의미적인 지식, 문맥에 맞는 대화지식 혹은 일반 지식을 대화상황에 맞게 적용하는 것이 그 예라 할 수 있다. 지시적 언어의 표현은 사전적으로 고정된 단어의 의미를 규정하거나 또는 이와 같은 단어의 의미에 정확하고 적절한 지시사를 규정하는 근거가 된다. 인칭$\cdot$장소$\cdot$시간을 지시하는 언어 Personal-, Lokal-, Temporaldeixis는 언어 시스템을 형성하게 되는데, 활자와 청자는 이러한 표현을 인칭$\cdot$장소$\cdot$시간으로 형상화하면서 의사소통을 한다. 따라서 자연어의 처리과정에 나타나는 다양한 표현들에 대한 심리학 및 언어학의 강력한 연구가 요구된다.에 기대어 텍스트, 문장, 어휘영역 등이 투입되어 적용되었으며, 이에 상응되게 구체적인 몇몇 방안들이 제시되었다. 학습자들이 텍스트를 읽고 중심내용을 찾아내며, 단락을 구획하고 또한 체계를 파악하는데 있어서 어휘연습은 외국어 교수법 측면에서도 매우 관여적이며 시의적절한 과제라 생각된다. Sd 2) PL - Sn - pS: (1) PL[VPL - Sa] - Sn - pS (2) PL[VPL - pS] - Sn - pS (3) PL(VPL - Sa - pS) - Sn - pS 3) PL[VPL - pS) - Sn -Sa $\cdot$ 3가 동사 관용구: (1) PL[VPL - pS] - Sn - Sd - Sa (2) PL[VPL - pS] - Sn - Sa - pS (3) PL[VPL - Sa] - Sn - Sd - pS 이러한 분류가 보여주듯이, 독일어에는 1가, 2가, 3가의 관용구가 있으며, 구조 외적으로 동일한 통사적 결합가를 갖는다 하더라도 구조 내적 성분구조가 다르다는 것을 알 수 있다. 우리는 이 글이 외국어로서의 독일어를 배우는 이들에게 독일어의 관용구를 보다 올바르게 이해할 수 있는 방법론적인 토대를 제공함은 물론, (관용어) 사전에서 외국인 학습자를 고려하여 관용구를 알기 쉽게 기술하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있기를 바란다.되기 시작하면서 남황해 분지는 구조역전의 현상이 일어났으며, 동시에 발해 분지는 인리형 분지로 발달하게 되었다. 따라서, 올리고세 동안 발해 분지에서는 퇴적작용이, 남황해 분지에서는 심한 구조역전에 의한 분지변형이 동시에 일어났다 올리고세 이후 현재까지, 남황해 분지와 발해 분지들은 간헐적인 해침과 함께 광역적 침강을 유지하면서 안정된 대륙 및 대륙붕 지역으로 전이되었다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.502-509
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze physics problem solving processes according to students' cognitive style in the area of 'Force and Motion' at high school level. Students who have already learned t e area of 'Force and Motion' during the first semester of the 10th grade have taken physics test and cognitive style test to choose students who have basic knowledge of physics and reflective or impulsive style. Four students who got over 19 points in the cognitive style test were selected as reflective students, and another four students who got below 12 points were selected as impulsive students. After explaining the purpose and procedure of this study, think-aloud method was introduced to the students, and the students practiced it. After that, the students solved three quantitative and qualitative problems each. Then, the questionnaire on the belief system on physics and physics problem solving and prerequisite knowledge test were also administered. By recording the students' problem solving processes, protocol was made and analyzed. After solving the problems, the students expressed their confidence, intimacy, and preference on each problem by the five point Likert scale. Impulsive students tended to succeed in solving more problems, less intimate, and more spontaneous and positive in seeking alternative solution when confronted with unacquainted problems. On the other hand, reflective students used more time in executing the problems even without planning, and used more time in solving problems and verification. Whether making effective plan or not was important rather than how much time they used in the planning step. In addition, repeating steps were more likely shown to impulsive students; they tended to be attached to their first idea.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.107-116
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• 2011

Respiratory gated radiation therapy and stereotactic body radiation therapy require identical tumor motions during each treatment with the motion detected in treatment planning CT. Therefore, this study developed a tumor motion monitoring and analysis system during the treatments employing RPM data, gated setup OBI images and a data analysis software. A respiratory training and guiding program which improves the regularity of breathing was used to patients. The breathing signal was obtained by RPM and the recorded data in the 4D console was read after treatment. The setup OBI images obtained gated at 0% and 50% of breathing phases were used to detect the tumor motion range in crenio-caudal direction. By matching the RPM data recorded at the OBI imaging time, a factor which converts the RPM motion to the tumor motion was computed. RPM data was entered to the institute developed data analysis software and the maximum, minimum, average of the breathing motion as well as the standard deviation of motion amplitude and period was computed. The computed result is exported in an excel file. The conversion factor was applied to the analyzed data to estimate the tumor motion. The accuracy of the developed method was tested by using a moving phantom, and the efficacy was evaluated for 10 stereotactic body radiation therapy patients. For the sine wave motion of the phantom with 4 sec of period and 2 cm of peak-to-peak amplitude, the measurement was slightly larger (4.052 sec) and the amplitude was smaller (1.952 cm). For patient treatment, one patient was evaluated not to qualified to SBRT due to the usability of the breathing, and in one patient case, the treatment was changed to respiratory gated treatment due the larger motion range of the tumor than treatment planed motion. The developed method and data analysis program was useful to estimate the tumor motion during treatment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.176-189
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze self-regulation about changing heart rate and perceived arousal variation when actors start their performance. Object of this study were 5 actors who belong to the theater selected using the purposive sampling method. This study used a measuring instrument of heart rate to measure arousal status, used behavior observation paper to observe and record self-regulation behavior and executed personal consultation after ending performance. There was graph mad by variation transition which calculated average and standard deviation about variation of heart rate each time of performance. The results of this study were as follows. First, there were high variation of awake level that actor's heart rates were rising before starting performance and the most high level of arousal was from 20minutes to 5minutes before starting performance. Second, there were self-regulation behaviors appeared such as deep breathing, breath controling, self talking, talking with other actors, concentrating an script, going to toilet, smoking, checking closes before starting performance. Third, when performance start, actors used psychological self-regulational method such as relaxation, self concentration, confidence reinforcement, coping with state or accommodation for controling raised arousal status.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1017-1030
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• 2010

In this study, an enriched in-service program for teaching scientific creativity was developed and implemented using the scientific creativity activities developed by Park, Park, & Lee (2008). In this program, science teachers performed scientific creativity activities by themselves and practiced the development of actual teaching materials. As a result, science teachers mentioned that they could achieve their goals by learning about various actual teaching materials and teaching strategies for gifted education. They also mentioned that the in-service program was interesting, had appropriate levels of learning difficulty, and that they would apply the teaching programs and teaching strategies to actual gifted education. Observing teachers' actual learning processes during the in-service training course, it was found that they actually participated in the in-service program for a long time intensively and could improve conceptual understanding in depth, but it was necessary to long-term creative thinking practice for being beyond the level of students' creative activities. Finally, from the analysis of teaching materials developed by teachers at the final step of the in-service program, it was found which aspects were developed well or were unsatisfactory, therefore, these findings could be applied for more improved in-service programs.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to monitor the edge vegetation development process after timber harvesting at deciduous hardwood forest in Seoul National University Forests of Baekwoonsan(Mt), Korea. From 1994 to 1999, Woody plants were monitored on two experimental plots established in 1994. The edge vegetation development pattern during the last six years(1994-1999) after timber harvesting is summarized as follows; Weigela subsessilis, Lindera erythrocarpa, Stephanandra incisa, Zanthoxylum schinifolium appeared to be a competitive species at the harvested forest edge. Staphylea bumalda, Lindera erythrocarpa, Viburnum erosum appeared to be a competitive species at harvested forest border between the harvested forest edge and the harvested interior. Weigela subsessilis, finders erythrocarpa, Lindera obtusiloba appeared to be a competitive species at the forest interior. The mean relative important value of major species were changed along the distance from the forest edge to the forest interior and seemed to be affected by aspect, and existing woody plants. But similarity indices seemed to be affected by distance. Species composition of forest edge(0-10m) was dissimilar to that of the other forest edge(40-50m). Species diversity indices, number of species and individuals were decreased according to the distance from the forest edge to the forest interior with passing time.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.827-836
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• 2018

In this study, we developed a PC - based motorcycle simulator based on the development technology of a virtual patrol motorcycle training system. This simulator has been developed to be applied to a variety of fields such as driving training for beginners, driver factor research, and system development such as ABS, which can be seen in advanced models. The weight of the motorcycle operated by the patrol guards is more than 400Kg. There is a lot of risk due to the nature of work without prior practice. Therefore, we implemented a study on the untilization of physical stress and temporal pressure in emergency situations. In order to get a feeling that the motorcycle simulator is operating in real-life, it is important that the mutual reliable signal transmission and operation feel between the driver and the simulator. In order to achieve this, we developed a system that can apply the sub-systems of the actual vehicle to the motorcycle simulator in order to generate the same operation feeling as the actual vehicle. Based on these results, we have developed a method of generating a feedback queue.