• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.5-36
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• 1999

본 논문은 우리나라 청소년 인구의 장기적 경제활동참여율 변동추이와 고용(실업)구조에 있어서의 변화에 관한 연구이다. 청소년층의 경제활동참여와 취업은 학교교육의 이수, 군복무, 결혼·출산을 통한 자신의 가족형성 등 일련의 생애전이과정(life-course transitin)과의 긴밀한 연계속에서 이루어지며 따라서 집단적으로는 연령단계에 따라서 큰 변화를 보인다. 본 논문에서는 먼저 지난 20여년간(1980년대-1990대) 청소년층의 연령단계별 경제활동참여 및 취업률이 어떻게 변화해 왔는가를 살펴본다. 청소년기에는 학교에서 노동시장으로의 진입과정(school-to-work transition)을 포함하고 있기 때문에 청소년층의 경제활동참여율 및 취업률은 무엇보다 동 연령집단의 취학률 및 진학률의 변화와 직접적으로 연결되어 있다. 본 논문에서 제시되는 자료에 의하면 지난 20여년간 우리나라 청소년층의 고등학교 및 대학진학률은 지속적이고 급격하게 상승하고 있었던 것으로 나타나고 있으며, 따라서 이러한 변화가 그들의 경제활동참여율 및 고용구조에 있어서의 변화에 미친 영향을 경험적 자료를 통하여 살펴본다. 1980년대 초반이후 우리나라 학교교육체제에 있어서의 변화가 청소년층의 취업구조에 미친 가장 주요한 영향 중의 하나는 높은 대학진학률에 따른 청소년 노동력의 고학력화와 그에 따른 고(高)실업의 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 사회구조적 요인과 고실업을 낳는 노동시장에 있어서의 불평등한 기회구조에 관한 이론적 논의와 경험적 증거들을 제시한다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.970-976
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• 2016

Determining age structure of the population of an endangered species is critical because it could provide basic information about population dynamics. In this study, we assessed the possibility if the growth lines on dorsal scutes of the national monument as well as endangered Reeves' turtle (Mauremys reevesii) can reliably estimate actual ages of the 100 turtles of which actual ages were known and have been housed in Seoul Zoo. We counted the number of growth lines on the first four dorsal scutes and the first left and right lateral scutes of each turtle and compared those with their known actual ages. Ages estimated by the growth lines were overestimated at between 1 and 5 actual ages, but underestimated at between 6 and 9 actual ages, indicating that age estimation using growth lines is only partially applicable at actual ages of less than 6 years old. In addition, using length and width of turtle's dorsal plates, we produced growth curves with equations to estimate actual ages of females combined with juveniles, but its application to estimate actual ages was not reliably possible because all subject turtles which used were at relatively young ages. In conclusion, when estimating actual ages of Reeves' turtles using the number of growth lines on the dorsal scutes, it is recommend to use minimum values at less than 6 lines, but use maximum values at more than 7 lines. As the first study which estimated actual ages of a turtle species using growth lines on the dorsal scutes in Korea, our results could be useful to estimate ages of the endangered Reeve's turtles in the field although its application might be limited.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.73-147
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• 1996

본고(本稿)에서는 고용구조조사(雇傭構造調査) 1986년 및 1992년 테이프를 활용하여 여성(女性)의 학력별(學歷別) 연령별(年齡別) 경제활동(經濟活動)및 실업(失業)과 취업구조(就業構造)에 대하여 분석하였는바, 여기서 확인된 우리나라 여성 고용문제는 크게 세가지로 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 여성의 연령별 경제활동참가율이 중졸 이하 학력 여성의 경우 M자형(字型), 고졸 이상 학력 여성의 경우 단봉형(單峰型)으로 나타나 연령에 따라 큰 기복을 보이고 있다. 둘째, 여성 중에서도 고학력 고연령층(경제활동참가율과 고용률의 악화)과 저학력 저연령층(실업률의 증가)의 고용문제가 심화되고 있다. 셋째, 저학력 여성의 제조업(혹은 생산직) 취업이 고령화(高齡化)되고 서비스업 취업이 전통적 부문(도 매소 음식 숙박업)에 집중되고 있으며, 고학력 여성의 사회 개인서비스업, 관리 전문직, 파트타임 등에서의 취업이 활성화(活性化)되지 못하는 등 여성 취업구조(就業構造) 고도화(高度化)의 한계(限界)를 보이고 있다. 본고(本稿)에서는 이렇게 실증적으로 확인된 문제점들이 결국 우리나라 여성 대부분이 '생애직업경력(生涯職業經歷)(lifetime job career)'을 가지지 못하는 제도적(制度的) 문제점(問題點)으로 귀시(歸蓍)되는 것에 주목하고 이러한 제도적 문제를 해소하기 위한 제도(制度) 개선(改善)의 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 여성 고용문제 해소를 위한 바람직한 '제도건설(制度建設)(institution building)'의 방향으로 본고에서는 (1)여성을 위한 고교 교육 및 직업훈련의 개편, (2)여성을 위한 전문대학 및 대학 교육의 개선, (3)여성을 위한 고용서비스의 강화, (4)출산 및 육아에 따른 여성 부담의 경감, (5)여성에 대한 고용주로서의 정부 역할 재정립 등을 강조하였다.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.64-73
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• 2021

We examined the growth and age structure for chub mackerel caught by a large purseseine in the Korean waters from January to December 2015. A total of 459 specimens were used for otolith analysis, ranging from 19.6 cm to 46.0 cm in fork length. Translucent zone was regarded as an annual mark, and age was counted using the information of the number of translucent zone, capture date, edge type of the otolith and nominal birthdate of 1 January. Annuli in otoliths were mainly formed in May, coinciding with the spawning season. Estimated ages were 0~6 years, and the von Bertalanffy growth models were not significantly different between male and female. Sex-combined growth model was obtained as FL_t=39.3×{1-exp[-0.90×(t+0.033)]}. Among the chub mackerel caught in 2015, the age 2 group had the highest proportion (30.9%), and the age 0 to 2 group accounted for 88.5% of the total catch.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.75-97
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• 2008

Recently Korea is expected with the decrease of population in working ages and also population structure, especially age structure, has changed as aging goes faster. This study focuses on the relationship between age structure and wage structure to analyzes the cohort size effect on the change of age-earnings profile. Our empirical analysis based on Wright(1991)'s model takes weighted OLS regression using the male worker's data of Ministry of Labor 'Wage Structure Survey'($1990{\sim}2006$). In pooled data, we take the conclusion that the cohort size effect was found in high school and college graduate workers, but the effect is different between them. The labor market entry effect of high school graduate workers is negative(-) and his persistent effect is positive(+). On the other hand, the cohort size effect of college graduate workers have appeared the opposite directions in contrary with the existing results of Welch(1979) and Wright(1991). This results are seen as the possibility that college graduate worker has the benefit of wage level by his relative cohort size in spite of high unemployment of young graduate. It will be the sign of need that we should interest in the change of age structure with balancing the labor supply side approach and the demand side study which the previous studies was mainly tended to focus on.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.3149-3155
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to know the characteristics of DDK performance between CV(e.g. 'pa') and VV(e.g., 'ai') syllables in typically developing children aged 4 to 6 years old. 12 TD children performed DDK with CV structure(/pʰə/, /tʰə/, /kʰə/, /pʰətʰə/, /tʰəkʰə?/, /pʰətʰəkʰə/) and with VV structure(/ai/, /ɔi/, /ɑɔi/). Spoken syllables were counted in one second, and all spoken DDK were measured by PC-quirer. The results showed that all spoken DDK became faster as the age of children were increased. This trend was also appeared in both CV and VV syllables repetition. In addition, there was no differences in DDK rate with CV and VV syllables. The frequency of articulatory error during DDK performance was very high in the age of 3, and there was no pattern in the frequency of articulatory error according to the developmental age.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.222-233
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• 2000

A methodology for determining age by otolith of small yellow croaker, Pseudosoiaena polyactis Bleeker, was developed. A thin section method was chosen to be suitable for age determination because the otolith had a three-dimensional shape and thus it was not possible to read the otolith rings on the surface. The clear rings were identified on the vertical-axis cross-sectioned otoliths. The total length-total weight relationship and the growth parameters were estimated with error structure to endow with accuracy. In the relationship between total length and total weight, a multiplicative error structure was assumed because variability in growth increased as a function of the length, and the estimated equation was $W=0.0049L^{3.2153}$. The variability in growth was constant as a function of the age, revealing an additive error structure. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were obtained from a nonlinear regression as $L_{\infty}= 37.11cm, K=0.20/yr and t_0=-1.88.$

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.421-427
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• 1995

두개하악장애는 저작근, 측두하악관절 및 그와 관련된 구조물의 많은 임상적인 문제를 포함하는 포괄적인 용어이다. 두개하악장애의 원인은 다양하고 종종 다인성이며 위험을 증가시키는 여러가지 소인들이 존재한다. 이갈이나 이악물기 같은 이상기능습관은 흔하며 또한 임상적으로 많은 관련이 있는 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 이전의 연구에서는 연령증가에 따른 기능적 마모를 고려한 치아교모에 관한 연구가 시행되지 않고 단순한 교모도의 평가비교만이 시행되었다. 본 연구는 법치의학적 연령감정에서 널리 사용되고 있느 치아교모도를 이용한 연령감정법을 이용하여 두개하악장애환자의 치아교모도에 관한 연구를 시행하였다. 연령은 기능적마모에 따른 정도를 평가하기 위해서 고려되었다. 단국대학교 치과병원 구강내과에서 두개하악장애로 진단된 환자18명과 대조군으로 외래환자 14명을 대상으로 하였다. 연령차는 연령감정법의 추정연령과 환자의 실제나이의 차이를 구해서 비교분석하였다. 이상의 결과로 두개하악장애환자의 중절치, 측절치, 제1소구치, 제2소구치의 치아교모도가 정상군보다 유의성 있게 높았다.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.122-145
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• 2018

This paper investigates the relationship between R&D professionals' career plateau and organizational commitment in which career plateau's sub-dimensions consist of structural and job-content plateau. Further, it aims to examine the moderating effect of age and creative behavior of R&D professionals on the relationship between career plateau and organizational commitment. Empirical data were collected from 418 R&D professionals who work for Government sponsored research institutions. The results showed that the relationship between structural plateau and organizational commitment is differently related depending on age level. That is, the negative relationship between structural plateau and organizational commitment is stronger for junior R&D professionals. Furthermore, the relationship between job-content plateau and organizational commitment is negatively related, and differs in the strength depending on the creative behavior level of R&D professionals. For one with stronger characteristics of creative behavior, job-content plateau is more negatively related to organizational commitment. Based on the results, some implications are suggested on the career plateau issues of R&D professionals who work for government sponsored research institutions. Finally, it is discussed on the limitations of this study and further research directions.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.759-765
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• 2024

This study was limited to the correlation between the onset of decompression sickness symptoms and age among inland water accidents such as rivers, streams, and lakes, and a questionnaire was conducted on 61 subjects. The differences in the onset of decompression sickness symptoms depending on the length of service and age of lifeguards in inland water rescue situations were analyzed. The results of the experiment are as follows. The onset of decompression sickness symptoms was the highest in the group with 10 to 15 years of service (mean = 2.61), followed by those with 15 years or more (mean = 2.42), but the difference was not statistically significant (F = .813, P > .05). The onset of infectious disease symptoms was the highest in the group in their 50s or older (mean = 2.40), followed by those in their 40s or older (mean = 2.37), but the difference was not statistically significant (F = .813, P > .05). It is believed that this was due to the difference in understanding of the questions and expression of symptoms at the time of experiencing decompression sickness, which is a disadvantage of the questionnaire in the survey method.