• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.151-157
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• 2014

Korean native chicken (KNC) is classified as five lines (grey, black, red, white, brown) based on the plumage colors. The KNC has superior meat quality and flavor compared with those of the commercial broilers, which can be explained by the high arachidonic acid contents. The current study was conducted to investigate arachidonic acid contents in five lines of KNC and used for the development of commercial KNC. Breast and thigh muscles from 597 F1 KNC birds were used in this study and linoleic (precursor of the arachidonic acid) and arachidonic acid contents were measured by the standard protocol. In addition, heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated. As the results, arachidonic acid contents were significantly different among the KNC lines. Also, relatively high heritabilities (0.414~0.570) for arachidonic acid contents were estimated in both breast and thigh muscles. The estimated genetic correlation was negative between linoleic and arachidonic acids. This study indicated that selection of KNC is possible for improving meat flavor in relation to the arachidonic acid. Also, this study can be used for making breeding plans for commercial KNC in the future.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1198-1205
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• 2000

Effect of inhibitions of three kinds of Ginkgo biloba extracts(Ginkgo biloba extract, Ginkgolide A, and Ginkgolide B) on induction of reactive oxygen species and release of inflammation mediator arachidonic acid were tested. Three kinds of Ginkgo biloba extracts could not inhibit the pyrogallol auto-oxidation, but they showed the hydrogen atom donating activity in DPPH assay. When 10 ${\mu}M$ hydrogen peroxide and 400 ${\mu}g/mL$ of three kinds of Ginkgo biloba extracts were added to U937 monocytic macrophage, the induction of lipid peroxidation was not observed. The Ginkgo biloba extract showed the most powerful inhibition among the extracts. And only Ginkgolide A was good for the inhibition of the protein degradation. The release of inflammation mediator arachidonic acid was induced by adding TPA and calcimycin to U937. In this assay, even 10 ${\mu}g/mL$ of three different Ginkgo biloba extracts excellently blocked the release of arachidonic acid. Particularly, the inhibition efficiency of Ginkgolide B was about 11 times higher than that of induction, and was about 4 times higher than that of the control of noninduction. This result suggests that the release of arachidonic acid is not inhibited by the antioxidant activity of Ginkgo biloba extracts, but a pre-step of the release of arachidoinc acid is inhibited by Ginkgo biloba extracts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.96-96
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• 2003

Acyl-CoA synthetase 4는 생쥐에 있어서 거의 모든 조직에서 발현하며 아라키돈산에 특이적인 효소이다. 아라키돈산은 세포막의 인지질로부터 cPLA2에 의하여 유리되고 cyclooxygenase-1, -2에 의하여 eicosanoid로 변환된다. 이렇게 생산된 prostaglandin과 같은 eicosanoid는 배란, 수정, 임신에 있어서 중요한 기능을 수행하고 있다. 그러나 세포막으로부터 유리된 아라키돈산은 acyl-CoA synthetase 4에 의하여 다시 세포막으로 재에스테르화되어 eicosaniod의 생산을 조절하는 것으로 생각되어지고 있다. 또한 acyl-CoA synthetase 4 유전자 한쪽이 knock-out된 heterozygote mouse에서는 사산, 유산과 난소에 있어서 황체 수의 증가 등을 보고하고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 정상 생쥐 (C57BL/6) 임신 기간 중 acyl-CoA synthetase 4 유전자의 발현을 확인하기 위하여 자궁, 난소, 태아에서 RT-PCR을 수행하였다. 또한 cPLA2, cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2 유전자의 발현 양상을 분석하여 eicosanoid 생산에 관여하는 유전자 상호간의 발현 을 확인하였다. acyl-CoA synthetase 4는 임신 0 day에서부터 19.5 day까지 자궁과 난소에서 모두 발현하고 있었다. 또한 5.5 day에서부터 19.5 day까지의 태아에서도 그 발현이 확인되었다. 그리고 cPLA2와 cyclooxygenase-1은 acyl-CoA synthetase 4와 유사한 양상을 보였으나 cyclooxygenase-2는 임신기간 중의 자궁, 난소, 태아에서 전혀 발현하지 않았다. 그러므로 임신 중 생쥐 자궁, 난소, 태아에 있어서 eicosanoid 생산에는 cPLA2, cyclooxygenase-1, acyl-CoA synthetase 4 유전자가 관여하고 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2004

This study was conducted to determine expression of acyl-CoA synthetase 4(ACS4), which is involved in converts arachidonic acid to postaglandins, in the mouse uterus during pregnancy. In arachidonic acid metabolism, acyl-CoA synthetase plays a key role in the esterification of free arachidonic acid into membrane phospholipids. Following its release by the action of calcium dependent phospholipases, free arachidonic acid is believed to be rapidly converted to arachidonoyl-CoA and reesterified into phospholipids in order to prevent excessive synthesis of prostaglandins. Here we demonstrate that ACS4 gene are differentially regulated in the peri-implatation mouse uterus. During the preimplantation period(days 0.5∼3.5), the ACS4 gene was expressed in the uterus until day 3.5 after which the expression was downregulated. The expression of cPLA2, COX1, and COX2 gene was similar to that of ACS4 gene in the preimplantation periods. However expression levels of COX1 gene show much variation on the various days of pregnancy examined. These data, suggest that ACS4 expression in preimplantation period is involved in initial attachment reaction with cPLA2, COX1, and COX2 gene.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.97
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• pp.10-20
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• 1996

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.704-711
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• 1994

Lipoxygenase of mackerel gill exhibited the highest reactivity toward eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) followed by arachidonic acid, linoleic acid. The optimum pH were pH 4.5, 5.0 and 4.8 for EPA, arachidonic acid and linoleic acid, respectively. The enzyme was the most stable at pH 5.5. Optimum temperature was $25^{\circ}C$ for all substrate fatty acids. For linoleic and arachidonic acids the highest thermal stability was observed at $8^{\circ}C$ whereas, for (EPA) at $20^{\circ}C$. Optimum ionic strength was 0.22M, $Sn^{2+}$, vitamin E and catechin completely inhibited the enzyme at the concentration of 1.0mM. Molecular weight of the enzyme was 42,000 dalton.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.671-679
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• 2018

Glasswort has attracted an attention because of its interesting physiological actions. In this study, the effects of glasswort on inflammatory events including nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and arachidonic acid metabolism in cultured RAW264.7 macrophages were investigated. A series of solvent fractions, including fractions of hexane (Fr.H), ethyl ether (Fr.E), ethyl acetate, butanol, and water, were prepared from a 70% methanol extract of glasswort. Among the fractions, Fr.E showed the strongest inhibition of NO synthesis and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. At a concentration of $80{\mu}g/mL$, Fr.E decreased the NO and iNOS levels by 73 and 77%, respectively, after 24 h. Fr.E showed the most potent inhibitory effects on the expressions of cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$ and cyclooxygenase-2 with $IC_{50}$ values of 33.4 and $27.9{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Fr.H and Fr.E also significantly inhibited 5-lipoxygenase expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages. These results suggest that the hydrophobic fractions of glasswort possess anti-inflammatory activities through modulating the arachidonic acid metabolism and NO synthesis.

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.67
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• pp.98-100
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• 2009

중국 최고의 미식가인 서태후가 미용식으로 즐겼다는 오리, 그만큼 비만예방과 고혈압 예방 및 치료에 탁월한 효과가 있는 다이어트 식품이라고 하는데...타 육류와 달리 불포화지방산의 함량이 높을 뿐 아니라 필수지방산인 리놀산과 아라키돈산이 함유되어 콜레스테롤 수치를 낮춰주는 역할을 해 스태미너 식품으로 꼽히는 오리. 또, 오리고기에는 독성물질을 분해하는 성분이 있어 유황을 먹인 오리는 해독복원의 으뜸으로 꼽힌다. 오리고기 속에 숨겨진 비밀을 알아본다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1084-1091
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• 2002

Mortierella alpina, a common soil fungus, is the most efficient organism for production of production acid presently known. Since arachidonic acid are important in human brain and retina development, it was undertaken the growing effect containing diet as a food ingredient. Arachidonic acid rich oil derived from Mortierella alpina, was subjected to a program of studies to establish for use in diet supplement. This study was compared the growth and learning effect of fungal oil rich in arachidonic acid by incorporated into diets ad libitum. Sprague-Dawley rats received experimental diets 5 groups (standard AIN 93 based control with beef tallow, extract oil 8%, and 4%, and Mortierella alpina in diet 10% and 20%) over all experiment duration (pre-mating, mating, gestation, lactation, and after weaning 4 weeks). Pups born during this period consumed same diets after wean for 4 weeks. There was no statistical significance of diet effects in reproductive performance and fertility from birth to weaning. But the groups of Mortierella alpine diet were lower of weight gain and diet intake after weaning. The serum lipids were significantly different with diet groups, higher TG in LO (oil 4%) group of dams, and higher total cholesterol in LF (M. alpina 10%) of pups, although serum albumin content was not significantly different in diet group. The spent-time and memory effect within 4 weeks of T-Morris water maze pass test in dam and 7-week- age pups did not differ in diet groups. On the count of backing error in weaning period of pups was lower in HO(extracted oil 8%) group. In the group of 10% and 20% Mortierella alpina diet, DNA content was lower in brain with lower body weight, but liver DNA relative to body weight was higher than control. Further correlation analyses would be needed DNA and arachidonic acid intakes, with Mortierella alpina diet digestion rate.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.304-309
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• 1992

Background: The alveolar macrophage may metabolize arachidonic acid through cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase- catalyzed pathways to produce a variety of metabolites of arachidonic acid. The production of these metabolites of arachidonic acid may enhance the defensive ability of the challenged lung. However, continued stimulation with the consequent production of proinflammtory metabolites of arachidonic acid, may ultimately enhance the disease process by contributing to chronic bronchoconstriction, fibrosis, and the persistent release of toxic oxygen species. Silicosis is an example of a disease process resulting from chronic exposure of the lung to foreign particles. This study was carried out to evaluate the changes of arachidonic acid metabolites from macrophages in experimental silicosis. Methods: We measured $PGE_2$, and $LTB_4$ in cultured macrophages taken from rats by radioimmunoassay at 24 and 48 hours after stimulation by silica dust, natural carbon dust, lipopolysaccharide, calcium ionophore (A23187) and medium (RPMI) as a control. For the experimental silicosis, 50 mg silica in 0.5 ml saline was administered intratracheally into the rat and grown to 20 weeks and measured $PGE_2$, and $LTB_4$ in the cultured macrophages lavaged from that rat. The used stimulants were the same as above. Results: 1) The amount of $PGE_2$ in the cultred macrophages from normal rat was significantly decreased in the group which was stimulated with silica dust for 48 hours compare with control non-stimulated group. 2) In the experimental silicosis group, $PGE_2$, release in cultured macrophages after 48 hours incubation with silica and natural carbon dust tended to be lower than those of non-stimulated group. 3) There were marked changes of $LTB_4$ in the groups of normal rats which were incubated with silica for 24, 48 hours and natural carbon for 48 hours compared with non-stimulated group. 4) In the experimental silicosis group, the release of $LTB_4$ was significantly increased macrophages cultured with silica and natural carbon dust after 24 and 48 hours incubation compared with non-stimulated group. Conclusion: The results of these studies suggest that the in vitro exposure of rat alveolar macrophge to silica and coal dust results in an alteration in alveolar macrophage metabolism of arachidonic acid that may promote an inflammatory reaction in lung tissue.