• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.399-429
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• 2009

The purpose of this research examines the factors that influence happiness among Korean adolescents by focusing on psychological resource (as measured by self-efficacy), relational resource (as measured by social support) and financial resource (as measured by family's monthly income). In addition, the influence of academic achievement on happiness is examined. To examine the influence of socio-economic status and family's monthly income, adolescents living in three different districts in Seoul (from working to middle to upper class districts) were randomly selected and interviewed in their home. A total of 190 elementary school, middle school, high school and university students (male=83, female=107) completed the resiliency of efficacy scale developed by Bandura (1995) and emotional support and happiness scale developed by the present researchers, in addition to background information. The results of the path analysis are as follows. First, the most important predictor of happiness among Korean adolescents is relational resources. In other words, emotional support received from significant others was most predictive of happiness; more than 60 times the effect of family's monthly income, three times the effect of academic achievement, and two times the effect of resiliency of efficacy. The second most important factor that predicted the happiness of Korean adolescents was psychological resource (i.e., resiliency of efficacy), which had 30 times the effect of family's monthly income. In addition resiliency of efficacy played a mediating role between emotional support on one hand and happiness on the other. Third, those respondents who had higher academic achievement reported higher levels of happiness, which had 20 times the effect of family's monthly income. Fourth, family monthly income did not predict happiness among Korean adolescents. Fifth, socio-economic status and school level did not have direct influence on happiness but had mediating influence through their influence on emotional support. In other words, those respondents with higher socio-economic status and elementary school students were more likely to receive social support from significant others, which in turn increased their happiness. These results indicate that the most important predictor of happiness among Korean adolescents is emotional support, followed by resiliency of effic acy and academic achievement, indicating that those adolescents from wealthy families are not necessarily happier.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.133-148
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• 2019

This study aimed to explore the moderating effect of family support resources on family caregiver burden as it in turn affects psychological well-being among middle-aged working mothers. Through purposive sampling, the study recruited 325 married employed mothers age 40-50 years who live in Seoul and who have more than 1 child and living parents or parents-in-law. The investigation was performed April 1-30, 2018, with the participants sampled from companies, schools and religious organizations in Seoul. The collected data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 package. The results of this study were as follows: First, of all categories of caregiver burden, the score for burden of caring for elderly parents was 3.01 (SD = .81), slightly higher than the median of 3 points; childcare burden scored 3.16 (SD = .73), also higher than the median value; and family support resources scored 3.40 (.89), higher than the median of 3. Overall psychological well-being rated 3.25 (SD = .56). Second, health and educational level, the burdens of caring for elderly parents and childcare and family support resources were found to significantly affect psychological well-being. Third, family support resources, a moderating variable, were found to significantly moderate and ease the effect of childcare burden on middle-aged working mothers' psychological well-being. Furthermore, in the analysis of their moderating effect, family support resources were confirmed to positively affect psychological well-being by moderating childcare burden experienced by middle-aged working mothers.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.19-36
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was (a) to identify latent profiles among employed Korean mothers of third graders based on work-family conflict, work-family enrichment, work-parenting conflict, and work-parenting enrichment, (b) to examine the antecedents of profile membership at the individual, family, work, and community levels, and (c) to investigate the differences in the various psychological outcomes across the profiles. The sample of 451 married employed mothers was a subset of data from the 10th Wave of the Panel Study of Korean Children, which was collected in 2017 when the focal child was in the third grade. Our latent profile analysis suggested a three-profile model that comprised enriched (11.91%), moderate (47.85%), and mixed (40.24%) profiles. The significant antecedents of profile membership were subjective health status, the child's adjustment to school, working hours, the community's suitability for childrearing, and satisfaction with community service facilities. Regarding psychological outcomes, the levels of life satisfaction, marital satisfaction, and job satisfaction were higher in the following order: enriched, moderate, and mixed profiles. The levels of depressive symptoms were in the reverse order: mixed, moderate, and enriched profiles. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the literature on work-family interactions by considering various predictors and outcomes at multiple levels.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.61-76
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• 2003

Data for this study were collected from 293 cases including the middle school students and their parents(151), the high school students and their parents(142). The major findings of this study were as follows: First, the level of inner control and self identity of parents is higher than that of the adolescents. Second, the level of family cohesion and adaptability of parents is higher than that of the adolescents. Third, on the satisfaction with family resource, there is no significant difference between adolescents and their parents. Finally, influential variables on satisfaction with family resources of adolescent and their parents are self identity and family cohesion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.185-187
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• 2013

일반적으로 사람은 육체적, 정신적 그리고 심리적 자극에 반응할 경우 스트레스(Stress)가 유발된다. 이 스트레스는 정상적인 업무수행 뿐만 아니라 건강에 악영향을 미칠 수 있고, 피로누적의 한 원인이 되기 한다. 특히 열악한 환경에서 직무를 수행하는 선원에게 있어서 스트레스는 해양사고의 직간접적인 요인이 될 수 있기 때문에 선박 인적자원관리의 한 측면으로 중요하게 다루어질 필요가 있다. 이 연구는 해운기업이 선원의 인사 및 안전관리 시스템에 활용할 수 있는 선원용 스트레스 평가도구를 개발하기 위한 것으로, 기본영역, 가족생활영역, 재정영역, 직업 및 선박생활영역에 대하여 90개의 항목으로 구성된 설문도구를 개발하여 설문조사를 수행하였고, Holmes & Rahe의 사회적응평가도구의 항목 및 평가지수와 비교분석하여 한국 선원의 문화적 차이를 고려한 설문도구를 개발하기 위한 기초적 연구를 수행하였다.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.191-205
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• 2008

The study aims at exploring a general trend of psychological well-being (PWB) of elderly volunteers and analyzing the variables which give effects on their PWB. The subjects were two hundred men and women over 60 years old currently participating in voluntary service. The data collected from interviewing were analyzed by descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, Pearson's correlation and hierarchical multiple regression. The main results are: First, PWB of the elderly is higher than the average score of PWB. Second, the elderly's generativity is positively related to PWB. Family support such as an emotional and instrumental support was also positively related to PWB. Third, the variables effecting on PWB of elderly volunteers were education level, participation frequency, generativity level, and an instrumental support of their family members on it. The lower their educational level was, the more frequently they participated in voluntary activity, the higher their generativity level was, and the more support given from their family, the higher PWB scores they showed.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.107-126
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of married middle-aged men and women's gender-role identity, marital conflicts and psychological adjustment. Psychological adjustment was composed of mid life crisis, depression, and perceived happiness. The data of the study were collected from 397 married, middle aged men and women from 40 years to 59 years-old by using self-administered questionnaire method. The results showed that gender role identity was different according to sex. In addition, women's perceived level of marital conflict was found to be significantly different according to their gender role identity, indicating that androgynous women reported the lowest level of marital conflict. However, men's gender role conflict was not related to their marital conflict. Furthermore, men's psychological adjustment level was not different according to their gender role identity, while women's psychological adjustment differed, indicating that androgynous women reported the lowest level of psychological adjustment and the undifferentiated women the highest level of psychological adjustment. Finally, the result indicated that for both men and men, marital conflict were positively correlated with mid-crisis and depression, and negatively related with happiness.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.193-222
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• 2010

This questionnaire study examined the processes linking complexity of self-construal to self-positivity conceptualized as taking multiple perspectives, self-acceptance and self-regulation that, in turn, affect psychological well-being among people with an experience of life-crisis during adulthood due to physical disability or divorce. Data were drawn from 359 adult Koreans residing in Seoul metropolitan area, including the physically disabled, the divorced, and their counterparts without a life-crisis experience during adulthood for comparison. On average, the life-crisis experience group(LEG) had a higher independent selfconstrual and a lower interdependent self-construal than the comparison group(CG). As predicted, complexity of self-construal contributed to taking multiple perspectives that helps searching for meaning, and this, in turn, was found to foster self-acceptance and self-regulation. Through these variables except self-regulation, complex self-construal contributed to psychological well-being as manifested by a higher level of positive emotion and a lower level of depression. As expected, while taking multiple perspectives fostered positive emotion both directly and indirectly through self-acceptance among LEG and CG, only in LEG it directly reduced depression. The comparative approach employed in this study enabled to discern that taking multiple perspectives promotes psychological well-being in LEG by contributing to both meaning making and positive attitude, whereas it promotes psychological well-being in CG primarily by fostering positive attitude. Finally implications for this study were discussed and directions for future research were suggested.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.309-323
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the structural relationship between psychological exhaustion, turnover intention, and social support of the dedicated workforce in order to investigate the effects of social support on psychological exhaustion, turnover intention of PAS assistant. Based on the results of the study, this study attempted to make the basic data for devising method to alleviate the intention to turnover of disabled PAS assistant. It was intended to help improve the quality of the activity support service. For this purpose, a questionnaire consisting of psychological exhaustion, turnover intention, and social support measures was conducted to 274 PAS Assistants of 11 service agencies in Seoul to verify the mediating effect of social support. In this study, the psychological exhaustion of PAS Assistants's showed a positive correlation, and the social support of the dedicated personnel perceived by the PAS Assistants's showed a negative correlation with the psychological exhaustion. Also, the social support of the dedicated workforce partially mediated the causal relationship between psychological exhaustion and turnover intention. The results of this study suggests that the social support of the dedicated personnel dedicated to support activities is high in reducing the psychological burnout and turnover intention of the PAS Assistant, it means that the social support of a dedicated workforce is an important resource in reducing the turnover intention.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.479-491
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• 2018

This study aims to figure out factors influencing health and moderating effect of social support resource between those factors and health of low income women in diverse spheres. The data of low income women were 239 cases and were utilized SPSS ver. 21 program. The main results of this study are as follows: firstly, health of low income women is identified medium level. Secondly, education level, self-efficacy and social support resource are related to the self-rated health of low income women. Especially, social support resource functions as moderators on between education and self-rated level of the health of low income women. Consequently, the findings suggest the need to expand the social intervention range to promote health of low income women from cost benefit to psychological support such as capacity building for self-management and establishment of safety-net to extend social support. And subsequently, the time attribute of the factors related to low-income women's health and the diverse characteristics of the subjects should be considered.