• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.201-210
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• 2012

This study was performed to determine the levels of depressive symptoms and to reveal its relationships between ADL and IADL among rural elderlies. The interviews were performed, during the period from April 1st, to June 30th, 2010, to 412 elderlies in rural areas. As a results, the distribution of ADL among all subjects were 94.7% in normal-range group, and 5.3% in impaired group. In terms of IADL, 87.4% of the subjects were normal-range group, 12.6% were impaired group. The distribution of depression group among all subjects were 38.2% in normal-range group of ADL, and 90.9% in impaired group of ADL, but it was 35.8% in normal-range group of IADL, and 76.9% in impaired group of IADL. In logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio of the depression was significantly increased in impaired group of ADL than in normal-range group of ADL(OR=23.21, 95% CI=4.38~123.05). Also it was significantly increased in impaired group of IADL than in normal-range group of IADL(OR=7.76, 95% CI=2.99~20.08). In conclusion, the depression of rural elderlies was significantly increased in impaired group than in normal-range group of ADL and IADL. Thus, strategic effort needs to be prevented to depression in impaired group of ADL and IADL.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.67-85
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of rhythmic movement therapy for adaptation state in mastectomy patients. The quasi-experimental study was designed using nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design within the framework of Laszarus & Folkman's stress-adaptation model. The subjects of the study were composed thirty-two mastectomy patients, of these fifteen were assigned to the experimental group and seventeen to the control group. Rhythmic movement therapy was carried out twice a week for thirty-five, minutes or forty minutes for six weeks period from August 22 to September 30 in 1994. Data was collected before and after the experimentation. Collected data was analyzed by mens of chi-square test, t-test, two-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient with $SPSS/PC^+$. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Physical symptom score in the experimental group and control group was not significant difference. 2. Joint Movement Parameter in the experimental group and control group was significant difference. 3. Depression score in the experimental group and contrl group was significant difference. 4. Body image score in the experimental group and control group was significant difference. 5. Stress perception score in the experimental group and control group was significant difference. 6. Social adjustment score in the experimental group and control group was significant difference. 7. Each adaptational level in the experimental group and control group according to type of Health Locus of Control were partially significant difference. Depression score and social adjustment score between the experimental group and control group according to others Health Locus of control were significant difference. This data suggest that rhythmic movement therapy was more effective in the group of Others health Locus of Control. 8. Each adaptational level between the experimental group and control group according to amount of spouse support were not significant difference. 9. The significant positive correlation between physical symptom score and body image, between body image and social adjustment, were observed. The significant negative correlation between stress perception score and social adjustment, between depression and body image, between depression and social adjustment, were observed. This data suggest that the more physical symptom score increased, the more body image increased and the more body image, the more social adjustment. And then the more stress perception score decreased, the more social adjustment increasded and the more depression score, the more body image and social adjustment. Thus it is concluded that the rhythmic movement therapy was a useful nursing intervention for adaptation of mastectomy patients.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.575-583
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting depression among female marriage immigrants in relation to demographic, family, self-efficacy, acculturation, and physical health aspects. The subjects were 556 marriage immigrants residing in Seoul, Keong-gi, and Chung-cheong areas. 47.1% of the subjects showed $${\geq_-}16$$ of CES-D which is the cutting points on depression. The results from hierachical regression analysis indicated that family income(${\beta}=-.13$, p=.002) at the first demographic model and self-efficacy(${\beta}=-.13$, p<.001), family relationship(${\beta}=-.16$, p<.001), acculturation to Korean culture(${\beta}=-.08$, p=.05), acculturative stress(${\beta}=.31$, p<.001), and mal-physical health(${\beta}=.18$, p<.001) at the final model affected female marriage immigrants' depression. The explanatory power of these variables was 37.1%. Based on these results, social services and policies for the prevention of depression among female marriage immigrants were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.116-123
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• 1999

Objectives : The authors attempted to assess how much the mechanism of dissociation affects somatization disorder patients psychopathologically, and explore the relationship between sexual or physical abuse and somatic symptoms in somatization disorder patients. Methods : The authors administered the Dissociative Experiences Scales-Korean version(DESK) and Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule to 25 patients with somatization disorder and 51 normal subjects. Results : There were no significant demographic differences between patient and control groups. The mean score of DES-K for patient group was 18.2, and 10.0 for the control group. The percentage of the individuals with high scores(20 and over) was 36.0 in the patient group and 7.8 in the control group, respectively. The percentage of the individuals with sexual and/or physical abuse was 16.0 in the patient group and zero in the control group. Our results showed that DES-K scores were not influenced by the factor of age or religion in either group, but the scores of the patients with somatization disorder were significantly higher than those in the normal subjects. Conclusion : There was an implication that the mechanism of dissociation affects issues of psychopathogenesis and psychopathology in Korean patients with somatization disorder, even though they have different sociocultural backgrounds in comparison to Western patients. The authors suggest it is useful to focus attention on childhood abuse and dissociation in the evaluation and dynamic psychotherapy of patients with somatization disorder.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.646-657
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• 2018

Purpose: This study is to investigate factors affecting depression in nursing students. Methods: A survey was conducted with 216 nursing students in college at P city, D city, and K province. Data was collected from April 15 to May 21, 2018, and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA and hierarchical regression with IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between verbal violence and depression(r=.261, p<.001), between physical threat and depression(r=.291, p<.001). Also, Self-esteem had a significant positive correlation with resilience(r=.685, p<.001) and negative correlation with depression(r=-.590, p<.001). Moreover, resilience had a significant negative correlation with depression(r=-.612, p<.001). In the hierarchical analysis, factors affecting the nursing students' depression were resilience(${\beta}=-.337$, p<.001), self-esteem(${\beta}=-.279$, p<.001), physical threat(${\beta}=.177$, p=.001). The variable that had the highest impact on depression was resilience and the explanatory power of the regression model was 51.5%(F=17.965, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the major factors influencing nursing students depression are physical threat, self-esteem and resilience. Therefore, it suggests that an intervention program will be required to prevent violence during the clinical practice, enhances self-esteem and improves resilience in order to reduce depression of nursing students.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2013

Objectives : Type D personality was originally introduced to study the role of personality in predicting outcomes of heart disease. However, researches showed that other medical conditions are also affected by this personality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between type D personality and somatic symptom complaints in depressive patients. Methods : Eighty-two individuals diagnosed with depressive disorder were included. Type D personality was measured with DS14. Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ) 9 and 15 were used to measure depression severity and somatization tendencies. For alexithymia, TAS-20 was used. Student T-test and linear regression analysis were performed. The best regression model was determined by stepwise variable selection. Results : More than half of the subjects(56%) complained at least medium degree somatic symptoms according to PHQ-15 criteria. Two-thirds of the subjects were classified as Type D personality(63.4%). The mean PHQ-15 score of the Type D individuals was significantly higher than the remaining subjects(PHQ-15 mean=12.7, $p=8.2{\times}10^{-7}$). The best regression model included age, PHQ-9 score and NA subscale score as predictor variables. Among these, only the coefficients of age($p=1.5{\times}10^{-3}$) and NA score($p=1.5{\times}10^{-7}$) were found to be statistically significant. Conclusions : The result showed that Type D personality was one of the strong predictors of somatic complaints among depressive individuals. The finding that negative affectivity rather than social inhibition was more closely associated with somatization tendencies does not fully agree with the traditional explanation that inability to express negative emotion predispose the individuals to somatic symptoms. The finding that alexithymia was not shown to be a significant predictors also substantiated this discrepancy. However, it might be possible that the high correlation between NA and SI subscore(r=0.65) and between NA and TAS-20 score(r=0.44) hid the additional effects of social inhibition and alexithymia. Further research with a larger sample would be needed to investigate the effects of the latter two components over and above the effect of negative affectivity on the somatic complaints in depressive patients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.2099-2106
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of yoga program on physical fitness, depression and quality of life of elderly women in rural area. This study employed the nonequipvalent control group pretest-posttest design. A total of 40 elderly women(experimental group =20, control group =20) were sampled from H-gun, G-Province. The experimental group participated in a 12-week yoga program. In physical fitness, the experimental group taking yoga program reported significant increases in balance and flexibility than that in the control group, but the differences in strength and aerobic endurance were not significant. The experimental group showed significant decrease in the depression. In quality of life, Elderly women taking yoga program had significant increase in physical component summary than that in the control group, but differences in mental component summary was not significant. A yoga program may be a useful nursing intervention for elderly women in rural area to improve their balance, flexibility, to reduce depression and improve physical quality of life.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.380-390
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• 2017

This study examined the relationship between social support, social participation and physical functioning among older adults in community senior centers. The subjects of this study were 194 persons aged 60 years or older who participated in the senior center in K province and D city, from June 16 to June 30, 2016. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, T-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and structural model analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 and IBM AMOS 21.0. The result showed that the social support and physical functioning of the elderly in the community were above normal, and social participation was somewhat low. Interestingly, an analysis of the physical functioning between social support, social participation and depression revealed significant correlations. The factors affecting the physical health were 23.4% of the respondents who had a significant influence on social support and leisure activities. In addition, the result of structural model analysis showed that social support had a significant influence on the social participation, depression and physical functioning. Therefore, the results suggests that the development of educational programs and an age-friendly environment should be actively provided to older adults in the community by strengthening the physical function through social support for active ageing.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2021

Breast cancer is the most prevalent oncological disease among women. Various psychosocial distress is common at the diagnosis, treatment, and posttreatment phase of breast cancer. For the treatment of breast cancer, not only medical treatment but also psychosomatic integrative care will be needed. Patients with breast cancer may lead to increased vulnerability to stress, adjustment disorder, anxiety disorder, and depressive disorder, and these psychiatric diseases and conditions are associated with recurrence or exacerbation of breast cancer. Psychosocial treatment of anxiety and depression could increase the quality of life of patients and decrease the recurrence and progression of breast cancer. In this article, we reviewed 5 clinical breast cancer survivorship guidelines focused on psychosomatic integrative care including psychosocial treatment and alternative treatment for psychosocial distress. Because 5 treatment guidelines were using various definitions of evidence, we confirmed evidence of various psychosocial treatments for patients with breast cancer based on the definition of evidence by the US Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF) guideline. We also reviewed the effect size of psychosocial treatment for anxiety, depression, mood, and quality of life in patients with breast cancer. This article discusses the barrier to the delivery of psychosomatic integrative care and suggests integrative care planning for breast cancer. Multi-disciplinary teams, patient's needs assessment, information technology support, patient and caregiver engagement, planned periodic monitoring of psychosocial distress by a psychosomatic specialist or consultation-liaison psychiatrist are recommended as key features of a psychosomatic integrated care plan.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.109-115
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• 2016

This study intended to testify the causality among three variables such as accident, depression and cognitive failure of the train drivers. For this purpose, two research models were suggested. Model 1 hypothesized the causality among three variables as 'depression ${\rightarrow}$ cognitive failure ${\rightarrow}$ accident'. On the other hand, model 2 hypothesized the causality among three variables as 'accident ${\rightarrow}$ depression ${\rightarrow}$ cognitive failure'. Results based on AMOS using 416 train drivers' questionnaire showed that model 2 is more valid than model 1. The statistical result of model 1 showed that depression has a positive effect on cognitive failure, however no significant relationship between depression and accident as well as between cognitive failure and accident. In model 2, the result showed that the accident has a positive effect on cognitive failure mediated by depression. This result suggests the necessity for establishment of countermeasures to mitigate mistake and cognitive failure caused by train drivers in a wider context, considering the causality between accident and depression.