• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.61
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• pp.203-232
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze various factors that influence the academic life of students through a theoretical review. As a result of the analysis, sub-factors were derived to diagnose the factors. From the study's findings, principles and models for developing learning status diagnosis tools were designed. The study first, based upon the competencies of university students, university life, students' low academic achievement, and academic probation studies, confirmed what factors affect student learning and from them derived a set of sub-factors. The setting dimension was divided into psychology, learning, and career factors, while also including a factor of faith for Christian university students. Next, in the draft model, sub-factors were constructed for each factor: faith maturity and faith training in the faith factor, positive thinking, emotion regulation, and self-esteem in the psychology factor, self-directed learning ability, learning motivation, and learning strategies in the learning factor, and career reflection, career exploration, career management, and career barriers in the career factor. By using the Delphi method, the final model of learning status diagnosis was confirmed. As a result, we completed the model comprised of nine sub-factors in four parts. A follow-up study should be conducted that examines learning status diagnosis tools development research.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.70
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• pp.175-206
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• 2022

In this study, a mixed research method that collects and analyzes qualitative and quantitative data together was used to broaden the understanding of young children's faith. First of all, the contents of interviews with 18 research participants were divided into categories, and the frequency of each category was calculated. From 75 statements made in the interview, the importance of each was evaluated with a 5-point Likert scale. The means and standard deviations of the evaluation score were calculated, and sub-factors were identified through exploratory factor analysis. The frequency of categories mentioned in the qualitative interview was in the following order: faith manifested in difficulties, religious activities, Christian education at home, Christian education in the church, love and faith in God, and the formation of a Christian worldview (identity). The statement on the perception of God, theological concepts, religious activities, and Christian education at home and in the church received high scores. On the other hand, statements on developmentally difficult or abstract content, value judgment or conflict resolution based on the Word, and evangelism showed low scores. The sub-factors extracted through factor analysis were faith education through home and church, awareness of God and religious activities, identity based on the gospel, character based on the gospel, and overcoming a crisis through faith. In conclusion, the results of each of the mixed methods of looking at young children's faith were very similar-relationships with God, religious activities, Christian worldview (identity), Christian education at home and church were highlighted, even though various methods were used. This study is meaningful in that it suggests what and how to teach in early childhood Christian education.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.333-351
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• 2009

R.W.B. Lewis called Greene's three novels - Brighton Rock, The Power and the Glory and The Heart of the Matter - Greene's 'trilogy'. Greene was paid full attention by many readers and many critics after publishing these Catholic novels. The themes and plots of his Catholic novels are unique and beyond those of traditional Catholicism. Greene is always willing to stand on the edge of reality. He always conflicts with the reality and eagerly searches for a higher, more spiritual dimension. If we view Greene's protagonists from an open-minded viewpoint, Pinkie of Brighton Rock will be saved at the mercy and grace of God in spite of being evil. Whiskey Priest of The Power and the Glory is worthy of being called a saint in spite of his drunkenness and adultery. Scobie of The Heart of the Matter will be within God's grace in spite of his suicide. The reason all protagonists are saint-like is clear and simple because they all have faith and sacrifice themselves to obey God's first commandment, to love others. To summarize the theme of Greene's 'trilogy', we can say that love is the most valuable in the world. God has mercy for all human beings. The protagonists love God and they love others. In fact, Greene's faith is found in his love of human beings and God.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.67
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• pp.229-265
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to suggest educational directions by exploring the stories of changes and expectations experienced by Christian children during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, nine third- to fourth-grade elementary school children attending the church, were interviewed about their changes and expectations regarding COVID-19. The results identified five areas of experience: daily life changes, school life changes, interpersonal relationship changes, religious life changes, and emotional changes during the COVID-19 period. Daily changes included infection prevention, missing play, leisurely routine, and lethargy. Changes in school life included loss of face-to-face classes and various rule requirements. Interpersonal relationship changes included the difficulties in forming relationships with friends, teachers, parents, and siblings, and religious life changes included loss of face-to-face worship and the restoration of family worship. Various negative emotions were expressed. Analysis of the participants' expectations showed in daily life they wanted to travel and play, return to pre-corona school life, return to face-to-face worship, restore retreats, and develop fun programs as religious life expectations. Based on these children's experiences and wishes, the study suggests that educators need to recognize children's efforts during the COVID-19 period, read their hurt feelings, and develop church programs that include communication, community, and fun elements.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.76
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• pp.73-93
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• 2023

Purpose of study: The purpose of this study is to propose an autobiographical writing as an alternative Christian education for the elderly. Research Contents and Methods : First, after analyzing the previous studies on Christian education for the elderly, it was found that most of the studies suggest the need for integrated Christian elderly education and church elderly ministry, and there is a need for a study that suggests a curriculum that can be implemented in the field. Second, there are two educational objectives derived from Fowler's study of faith. One is to describe, analyze, and reconstruct the three elements that make up the content of faith: centers of value, image of powers, and central stories. Second, to explore vocation through a life of pilgrimage in response to the call to partnership with God. Third, autobiographical writing involves an approach based on the tradition of qualitative research and should be oriented toward teaching and learning principles based on descriptive, native, holistic, lived-experience, pathic, interpretive, and open-ended principles. Conclusions and Recommendations: Autobiographical writing will contribute to helping the elderly experiencing crises of despair and anxiety to integrate the meaning of their lives through the holistic expression of their thoughts and feelings, to helping socially isolated older adults to feel connected to society, and to helping them to envision and imagine the future through the present act of revealing their voice. It is hoped that autobiographical writing will increase the number of conversations through retrospection and confession of faith of the elderly.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.62
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• pp.161-186
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• 2020

This study was conducted with the aim of opening a new horizon in understanding the church, which is a community of faith, in the context of losing social credibility with selfishness and closedness, and spreading social distance due to the epidemic. First, the concept and meaning of 'Ecclesia', a representative term for the church, was studied historically, biblically, and theologically, and Paul's intention was frequently used. Second, we explored the new horizons of the community of faith through a discussion of Roberto Esposito's Communitas and Immunitas, which unraveled the relationship between community and individual with an immunological concept. Not only dis lose social trust for a variety of reasons, but it has been pointed out as a target of social distancing due to the spread of the epidemic virus and is facing a crisis of weakening or loss of the faith community of the "church". Since the second epidemic has been predicted since Covid-19, the partial loss of daily life and the weakening and loss of meeting worship and fellowship in the church are inevitable. The church in the future needs to transform and build a true community of faith that understands the concept of immunity and can lead the transformation of society while revealing the spirit and life scent of Jesus Christ. To this end, innovation and practice of the paradigm of the community of faith appropriate to the rapidly changing times and situations is required. In Chapter 1 of this paper, we propose innovation by pointing out the problems of the church and the faith community, which have lost social credibility, and which are the objects of social distance, with selfishness and closedness. Chapter 2 studies and analyzes the 'Ecclesia' used in ancient Greek to transform the paradigm of the faith community, and identifies the intention of the apostle Paul to apply the 'Ecclesia' to the church's faith community. Chapter 3-4 discusses the concept of immunity, summarizes the reinterpretation of Esposito, who looked at the relationship between the individual and the community through the concept of positive immunity beyond negative immunity. And It draws application points for transforming the faith community of various communities, individuals, and churches. In conclusion, Chapter 5 restores precious gatherings and participation that are weakened and lost through the meaning of 'Ecclesia' and suggests expansion to higher level public gatherings and democratic participation. In addition, based on the reinterpretation of the concept of immunity, we present unity in diversity and diversity in unity as alternatives to the church and community of faith.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.66
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• pp.273-307
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore the inner perceptions and dilemmas of young people about the church. To achieve the purpose of the study, this study sampled the research subjects, and conducted in-depth interviews and FGI. The sample in this study was 21 young adults who met the study criteria. Some of these people are not currently attending church or have thought of moving to another church. In this study, research was conducted based on the analysis procedure of Riessman (1993). Focusing on the procedures of 'telling,' 'recording,' and 'analyzing,' the experience and life situation of the study participants are to be grasped. Through this process, we analyzed the situation and context of why young people leave the church. It consisted of 5 areas and 15 sub-themes. Based on the research results, it was found that young adults need a church and are looking for a church. The church is a mystical space, but from an pedagogical point of view, the church is a space for teaching and learning faith. As experts in theology and education, the minister must create a space so that the church can become a space of transcendence, a space of intimacy, a space of understanding, a space of change, a space of service, and a space of reflection.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.73
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• pp.93-115
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore implications for intergenerational Christian education in Korean churches and families that struggle with "generational fragmentations" focusing on the conception of reciprocity and participation. For the faith community in Korea, "generational fragmentations" does not merely mean communication gaps or the disconnection between generations but also the absence of reciprocity and communal participation as a genuine intergenerational community of faith. With this phenomenon in mind, this study explores the concept of "intergenerationality" in education, focusing on reciprocity and participation. Next, this study examines the concepts of reciprocity and participation found in John Dewey's seminal works, Democracy and Education and Experience and Education based on his ideas of democracy and experience in relation to intergenerational Christian education for the Korean church and families. The present paper then attempts to find implications for intergenerational Christian education in the Korean church and family, showing the importance of an intergenerational community of faith with reciprocity and communal participation, and communal spiritual journey with children and adults.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.604-614
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• 2020

Contemporary Christian educators emphasize that the student has to become not a passive beneficiaries of knowledge, but an active subject for self-directed learner to pursue a Bible training. In addition, learning environments need to be converted into a learning place in which students can learn the principles of the Word, taste its meaning, and apply them into the scene in their lives. This study is to investigate new possibilities of self-directed volunteer camp, developing it as an alternative program for summer retreat and evaluating its effectiveness. According to qualitative research findings. self-directed volunteer camp provide for the youth students to develop their leadership as well as their faith. Especially, the higher effect of self-directed volunteer camp was found on program satisfaction, promoting cooperation through real problem-solving, and internalizing of the faith. Therefore, self-directed volunteer camp for vacation Bible church programs can be expected as an alternative teaching method for church education in the 21st century.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.295-306
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• 2019

In this study, I wanted to explore in depth the meaning of psychological phenomena experienced by Christian living alone. For this purpose, five male and female living alone aged 65 or older were interviewed in depth, and the data after the interview was qualitatively analyzed by Giorgi's method of phenomenological research. The study found five categories : 'feeling closer to death', 'loneliness due to lack of a partner to talk to', 'helplessness to a debilitated body phenomenon', 'disconnected relationships' and 'looking at God'. The findings that the faith proved to be an important factor of overcoming loneliness in the lives of the elderly, provide a foundation for understanding and the pastoral counseling of the elderly living alone in churches.