• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.176-184
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• 1997

Abnormal illness behavior in patients with somatoform disorders were known formed by their traditional disease concepts and somatization-prone socio-cultural factors. The authors evaluated the characteristics of abnormal illness behavior in patients with somatoform disorders(who had somatization) by using abnormal illness behavior questionnaire. Methods : 29 somatoform disorders(SD) and 57 disease controls were compared by clinical characteristics, severity of pain, state anxiety(by Spielberger's State & Trait Anxiety Inventory), depression(by Beck's Depression Inventory) and level of psychosocial stess(by DSM-III-R). The illness behavior was measured by illness Behavior Questionnaire(IBQ). Results SD group had longer period of somatic symptoms with less severity in pain. The degree of anxiety and depression were higher in SB compared with controls. However, the degree of psychosocial stress was almost same between both groups. In IBQ, SD showed higher scores in general hypochondriasis, disease conviction, and affective disturbance subscales compared to control group. Conclusion: High disease conviction and hypochondriacal nature revealed by IBQ seemed to be a role in making somatization by way of somatic focusing and hypervigilance. And those tended to lead patients visit hospital frequently and report various somatic complaints. Evaluating abnormal illness behavior in somatoform disorders would be not only helpful in understanding the natures of somatoform disorders but also useful differentiating SD with other psychiatric conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 2013

This study was performed in order to preserve and protect the scenic sites and surrounding environment is located in the Urban Residential Area. After classifying the type of area surrounding parcels of Seongbuk-dong is located in Seongragwon, Satisfaction Survey, scenic sites designated areas for residents living near the analyzed. Research methods, Cadastral research, literature survey, field survey, and the survey was conducted. Cultural heritage awareness about the collected questionnaires of frequency analysis, and reliability analysis for cultural heritages around satisfaction, satisfaction analysis by parcel area, parcel area for the verification of specific differences regression analysis for the full-on relationship satisfaction, one-way ANOVA was conducted for each. Overall Cultural awareness analysis results, the residence is located close to the Seoul Seonjamdanji, Seongragwon, Simujang, Sanghoe Lee Tae-Joon's houses, Seoul Hanyang castle showed that cultural heritage were know unfulfilled cultural heritage. The purpose of cultural heritage visit was to break/walks. Preservation was usually level and there is no inconvenience caused as a cultural heritage. Regulatory intensity level was usually level and showed a positive reaction to the impact of cultural heritage in Seongbuk-dong image mostly. cultural heritage have a positive impact on the image of the town. but access to cultural heritage is not easy and doesn't affect the life is expected. Overall satisfaction for cultural heritages in the surrounding space, the larger the size of the lot, and higher satisfaction. Seongbuk-dong most of the residents satisfaction was higher. Small lots of residents showed low satisfaction for safety when walking at night, heritage value rise, private ownership of heritage use, harmony with surrounding environment, Building exterior, non-physical uniqueness like culture art mental. It can be interpreted that small lots of residential environment quality is low compared to the large lots, influx of residents in other regions due to the redevelopment of one of Seongbuk-dong, private ownership of heritage use. And generally lower satisfaction on the harmonization of the facility(street lights, signs, etc.). Therefore cultural heritage signs for facility expansion, cultural educational programs, will be needed to maintain the uniqueness village when scenic sites in the city center around the area of management strategy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2003

Purpose: We report upon a web-based system for Patterns of Care Study (PCS) devised for Korean radiation oncology. This PCS was designed to establish standard tools for clinical quality assurance, to determine basic parameters for radiation oncology processes, to offer a solid system for cooperative clinical studies and a useful standard database for comparisons with other national databases. Materials and Methods: The system consisted of a main server with two back-ups in other locations. The program uses a Linux operating system and a MySQL database. Cancers with high frequencies in radiotherapy departments in Korea from 1998 to 1999 were chosen to have a developmental priority. Results: The web-based clinical PCS .system for radiotherapy in www.pcs.re.kr was developed in early 2003 for cancers of the breast, rectum, esophagus, larynx and lung, and for brain metastasis. The total number of PCS study items exceeded one thousand. Our PCS system features user-friendliness, double entry checking, data security, encryption, hard disc mirroring, double back-up, and statistical analysis. Alphanumeric data can be input as well as image data. In addition, programs were constructed for IRB submission, random sampling of data, and departmental structure. Conclusion: For the first time in the field of PCS, we have developed a web-based system and associated working programs. With this system, we can gather sample data in a short period and thus save, cost, effort and time. Data audits should be peformed to validate input data. We propose that this system should be considered as a standard method for PCS or similar types of data collection systems.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2012

For applying the quality assurance (QA) of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) introduced in Eulji Hospital, we classify it into three different QA steps, treatment planning QA, pretreatment delivering QA, and treatment verifying QA. These steps are based on the existing intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) QA that is currently used in our hospital. In each QA step, the evaluated items that are from QA program are configured and documented. In this study, QA program is not only applied to actual patient treatment, but also evaluated to establish a reference of clinical acceptance in pretreatment delivering QA. As a result, the confidence limits (CLs) in the measurements for the high-dose and low-dose regions are similar to the conventional IMRT level, and the clinical acceptance references in our hospital are determined to be 3 to 5% for the high-dose and the low-dose regions, respectively. Due to the characteristics of VMAT, evaluation of the intensity map was carried out using an ArcCheck device that was able to measure the intensity map in all directions, $360^{\circ}$. With a couple of dosimetric devices, the gamma index was evaluated and analyzed. The results were similar to the result of individual intensity maps in IMRT. Mapcheck, which is a 2-dimensional (2D) array device, was used to display the isodose distributions and gave very excellent local CL results. Thus, in our hospital, the acceptance references used in practical clinical application for the intensity maps of $360^{\circ}$ directions and the coronal isodose distributions were determined to be 93% and 95%, respectively. To reduce arbitrary uncertainties and system errors, we had to evaluate the local CLs by using a phantom and to cooperate with multiple organizations to participate in this evaluation. In addition, we had to evaluate the local CLs by dividing them into different sections about the patient treatment points in practical clinics.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.665-673
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• 2011

In order to estimate the hydrocarbon reserves, the porosity of the reservoir must be determined. The porosity of the area without a well is generally calculated by extrapolating the porosity logs measured at wells. However, if not only well logs but also seismic data exist on the same site, the more accurate pseudo porosity log can be obtained through artificial neural network technique by extracting the relations between the seismic data and well logs at the site. In this study, we have developed a module which creates pseudo porosity logs by using the polynomial neural network method. In order to obtain more accurate pseudo porosity logs, we selected the seismic attributes which have high correlation values in the correlation analysis between the seismic attributes and the porosity logs. Through the training procedure between selected seismic attributes and well logs, our module produces the correlation weights which can be used to generate the pseudo porosity log in the well free area. To verify the reliability and the applicability of the developed module, we have applied the module to the field data acquired from F3 Block in the North Sea and compared the results to those from the probabilistic neural network method in a commercial program. We could confirm the reliability of our module because both results showed similar trend. Moreover, since the pseudo porosity logs from polynomial neural network method are closer to the true porosity logs at the wells than those from probabilistic method, we concluded that the polynomial neural network method is effective for the data sets with insufficient wells such as F3 Block in the North Sea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.57-66
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• 2011

This study researched those universities for which fence opening and greening projects are being conducted by Seoul city. The forms of opened fences at 24 universities which have accomplished this project were classified into several types for each type of university, representative cases with many diverse facilities and active users were selected and investigated. The study was carried out using methods of field observations, literature review, and surveys. To maintain the confidentiality of the collected questionnaire analysis, the analysis of each type's usage frequency, overall satisfaction and a regression analysis with space environment and facilities, a one-way ANOVA for was used to validate the difference between types regarding satisfaction with the project. The results of usage type analysis were found to agree with the 3 analysis criteria-- installation location, user characteristics, and usage purpose--which were the legislative concepts. In overall satisfaction with facilities, it appeared that except for Seoul Women's College of Nursing with its rural district neighborhood type park, users were satisfied: with the small urban neighborhood park of Methodist Theological College, Konkuk University's small urban square park, and Sejong University's green space small city park. In general, users appeared to not have satisfaction with such features as fountains / hydroponic facilities, fitness facilities, and square facilities, which should be taken into consideration when pursuing further opening and greening projects. Regarding full satisfaction with the space environment, it was found that users were not satisfied with Seoul Women's College of Nursing's rural district neighborhood-style park, whereas they were satisfied with Methodist Theological College's small urban neighborhood park, Konkuk University's small urban square-style park, and Sejong University's green space small city park. In addition, it was shown that facilities use, convenience and privacy of the four parks were largely unsatisfactory for users, and that the small city parks located at roadsides were unsatisfactory regarding noise level, both of which should be most highly considered when conducting similar projects in the future.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.209-221
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• 2014

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the effects of area-based health promotion initiatives with community participation and partnerships conducted in Sabong-Myeon, Jinju City for three years. Methods: We used data from the '2008 Sabong-Myeon Health Survey' and the '2011 Health Plus Happiness Plus Community Health Survey'. The study comprised 520 systematically sampled individuals, composed of 300 adults in 2008 and 200 adults in 2011. We compared some health behavior and mental health indicators as well as social capital levels between these two surveys. Results: The prevalences of smoking and walking exercise in 2011 were significantly higher than those in 2008. The prevalences of high risk alcohol consumption in men, stress perception, depressive symptoms experience, and suicide ideation were significantly lower than those in 2008. The proportion of people having a high level of social capital in 2011 was significantly higher than that in 2008, regardless of sex or marital status. However, the difference in the proportion was not statistically significant among people with a high educational background. Conclusions: This study suggested that the 3 years' implementation of area-based health promotion initiatives conducted in Sabong-Myeon might help to improve the mental health and social capital level of this community. The long-term health effects of area-based health promotion initiatives with community participation and partnerships need to be studied further, and lessons from these initiatives can be obtained by adapting proper evaluation methods.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.136-145
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• 2002

Purpose : This study was designed to develop an instrument that could be used for comprehensive and effective need assessment for patients with cancer. Methods : In the first phase, a conceptual framework for the instrument was established by Wingate & Lackey (1989). In the second phase, the preliminary instrument was drawn up through a review of the literature and in consultation with three professors in Nursing. In the third phase validity and reliability of the preliminary instrument were tested as follows; 1) an expert validity test of the preliminary instrument was done by nine head nurses and charge nurses who had over ten years experience caring for patients with cancer at Wonju Christian Hospital. 2) A construct validity test and reliability test was done for the instrument by 116 staff nurses selected by convience sampling from hospitals located in Kang-Won, Kyoung-Ki, and Choong-Chung Provinces. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 WIN program. For the factors of the instrument, factor analysis was used. The reliability of the scale was analyzed by Cronbach's alpha. Results : The results of the experts' test of validity, showed that, of 32 items, only one item had less than 55.4%. It was then deleted and a total of 31 items was selected. On the basis of the results of the factor analysis, the following six components were identified: physiological, informational, spiritual, and emotional needs, available resources, and legal/financial needs. These factors explained 61.8% of the variance. In the factor analysis, the first factor (physiological needs) and the second factor (informational needs) explained 25.4% and 10.9% of the variance respectively, which were major factors for the needs of patients with cancer in Korea. Cronbach' alpha for the scale was .90 indicating internal reliability. Conclusion : This instrument can be effectively utilized for assessment of needs of patients with cancer in Korea. Use of the needs assessment instrument developed in this study will allow nurses to develop nursing interventions that provide comprehensiveness and continuity in meeting the needs of patients with cancer.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.19
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• pp.225-244
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• 2009

Electronic security system is composed mainly of electronic-information-communication device, so system technology, configuration and management of the electronic security system could be affected by the change of information-communication environment. This study is to propose the future prospect on the development of technique for electronic security system through the analysis of the trend and the actual condition on the development of technique. This study is based on literature study and interview with user and provider of electronic security system, also survey was carried out by system provider and members of security integration company to come up with more practical result. Hybrid DVR technology that has multi-function such as motion detection, target tracking and image identification is expected to be developed. And 'Embedded IP camera' technology that internet server and image identification software are built in. Those technologies could change the configuration and management of CCTV system. Fingerprint identification technology and face identification technology are continually developed to get more reliability, but continual development of surveillance and three-dimension identification technology for more efficient face identification system is needed. As radio identification and tracking function of RFID is appreciated as very useful for access control system, hardware and software of RFID technology is expected to be developed, but government's support for market revitalization is necessary. Behavior pattern identification sensor technology is expected to be developed and could replace passive infrared sensor that cause system error, giving security guard firm confidence for response. The principle of behavior pattern identification is similar to image identification, so those two technology could be integrated with tracking technology and radio identification technology of RFID for total monitoring system. For more efficient electronic security system, middle-ware's role is very important to integrate the technology of electronic security system, this could make possible of installing the integrated security system.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.261-271
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• 2016

In the prediction of response of a pile in soil, numerical approaches such as a finite element method are generally applied due to complicate nonlinear behaviors of soils. However, the numerical methods based on the finite elements require heavy efforts in pile and soil modelling and also take long computing time. So their usage is limited especially in the early design stage in which principal dimensions and properties are not specified and tend to vary. On the contrary, theoretical approaches adopting linear approximations for soils are relatively simple and easy to model and take short computing time. Therefore, if they are validated to be reliable, they would be applicable in predicting responses of a pile in soil, particularly in early design stage. In case of wind turbines regarded in this study, it is required to assess their natural frequencies in early stages, and in this simulation the supporting pile inserted in soil could be replaced with a simplified elastic boundary condition at the bottom end of the wind turbine tower. To do this, analysis for a pile in soil is performed in this study to extract the spring constants at the top end of the pile. The pile in soil can be modelled as a beam on elastic spring by assuming that the soils deform within an elastic range. In this study, it is attempted to predict pile deformations and influence factors for lateral loads by means of the beam-on-spring model. As two example supporting structures for wind turbines, mono pile and suction pile models with different diameters are examined by evaluating their influence factors and validated by comparing them with those reported in literature. In addition, the deflection profiles along the depth and spring constants at the top end of the piles are compared to assess their supporting features.