• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.85-88
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• 2009

In multimedia database systems, the nearest neighbor Query occurs frequently and requires the processing cost higher than other spatial Queries do. It needs the measurement of search distance that the number of searched nodes and the computation time in an index can be minimized for optimizing the cost of processing the nearest neighbor query. The circular location property of objects is considered to accurately select the nodes which will be searched in the nearest neighbor query. In this paper, we propose the processing method of nearest neighbor queries be considered a circular location property of object where the search space consists of a circular domain and show its characteristics. The proposed method uses the circular minimum distance and the circular optimal distance, the search measurement for optimizing the processing cost of nearest neighbor queries.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.7
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• pp.1077-1088
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• 2003

To increase the retrieval performance in spatial database systems, it is required to develop spatial indexing methods considered the spatial locality. The spatial locality is related to the location property of objects. The previous spatial indexing methods are not considered the circular location property that objects will be taken. In this paper, we propose a dynamic spatial index structure called $Cr^*$-tree, and evaluate the performance of the proposed index structure. This is a new spatial index structure considered the circular location property of objects in which a search space is constructed with the circular and linear domains. By the simulation results, the $Cr^*$-tree shows that the number of disk across is low and the bucket utilization is high regardless of object distribution and bucket capacity.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2010

The number of searched nodes and the computation time in an index should be minimized for optimizing the processing cost of the nearest neighbor query. The Measurement of search distance considered a circular location property of objects is required to accurately select the nodes which will be searched in the nearest neighbor query. In this paper, we propose the processing method of the nearest neighbor query be considered a circular location property of object where the search space consists of a circular domain and show its performance by experiments. The proposed method uses the circular minimum distance and the circular optimal distance which are the search measurements for optimizing the processing cost of the nearest neighbor query.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2012

The query of the K closest object pairs between two object sets frequently occurs at recently retrieval systems. The circular location property of objects should be considered for efficiently process queries finding such a K nearest object pair. In this paper, we propose the optimal algorithm finding the K object pairs which are closest to each other in a search space with a circular domain and show its performance by experiments. The proposed algorithm optimizes the cost of finding the K nearest object pairs by using the circular search distances which is much applied the circular location property.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2001

In order to increase the performance of spatial database systems, a spatial indexing method is necessary to manage spatial objects efficiently in both dynamic and static environments. A spatial indexing method considering a spatial locality is required to increase the retrieval performance. And the spatial locality is related to the location property of objects. The previous spatial indexing methods did not consider the circular location property of objects. In this paper, we introduce the CR-Tree that is a spatial index structure for clustering spatially adjacent objects in which a search space is constructed with the circular and linear domains. Using a spatial index structure considered a circular location property of objects, we show that high hit ratio and bucket utilization are increased through the simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1429-1433
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• 2010

수공구조물의 설계, 수자원 관리계획의 수립, 재해영향 검토 등을 수행할 때, 재현기간에 따른 확률개념의 강우량, 홍수량, 저수량 등을 산정하여 사용하게 되며, 보통 대상지역의 장기 수문관측 자료를 이용하여 수문사상의 확률분포를 산정한 후 재현기간을 연장하여 원하는 설계빈도에 해당하는 양을 추정하게 된다. 미계측지역 또는 관측자료의 보유기간이 짧은 지역의 경우는 지역빈도 분석 결과를 이용하게 된다. 지역빈도해석을 위해서는 강우자료들의 동질성을 파악하는 것이 가장 기본적인 과정이 되며 이를 위해 통계학적인 범주화분석이 선행되어야 한다. 지점 빈도분석의 수문학적 동질성 판별을 위해 L-moment 방법, K-means 방법에 의한 군집분석 등이 주로 사용되며 관측소 위치좌표를 이용한 공간보간법을 적용하여 시각화하고 있다. 강수량은 시공간적으로 변하는 수문변량으로서 강수량의 시간적인 특성 또한 강수량의 특성을 정의하는데 매우 중요한 요소이다. 이러한 점에서 본 연구를 통해 강수지점의 공간적인 좌표 및 강수량의 양적인 범주화에 초점을 맞춘 기존 지역빈도분석의 범주화 과정에 덧붙여 시간적인 영향을 고려할 수 있는 요소들을 결정하고 이를 활용할 수 있는 범주화 과정을 제시하고자 한다. 즉, 극치강수량의 발생 시기에 대한 정량적인 분석이 가능한 순환통계기법을 이용하여 관측 지점별 시간 통계량을 산정하고, 이를 극치강수량과 결합하여 시 공간적인 특성자료를 생성한 후 이를 이용한 군집화 해석 모형을 개발하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 분석 과정에 있어서 시간속성의 정량화 및 일반화는 순환통계기법을 사용하였으며, 극치강수량과 발생시점의 속성자료는 각각의 평균과 표준편차를 이용하였다. K-means 알고리즘을 이용해 결합자료를 군집화 하고, L-moment 방법으로 지역화 결과에 대한 검증을 수행하였다. 속성 결합 자료의 군집화 효과는 모의데이터 실험을 통해 확인하였으며, 우리 나라의 58개 기상관측소 자료를 이용하여 분석을 수행하였다. 예비해석 단계에서 100회의 군집분석을 통해 평균적인 centroid를 산정하고, 해당 값을 본 해석의 초기 centroid로 지정하여, 변동적인 클러스터링 경향을 안정화시켜 해석이 반복됨에 따라 군집화 결과가 달라지는 오류를 방지하였다. 또한 K-means 방법으로 계산된 군집별 공간거리 합의 크기에 따라 군집번호를 부여함으로써 군집의 번호순서대로 물리적인 연관성이 인접하도록 설정하였으며, 군집간의 경계선을 추출할 때 발생할 수 있는 오류를 방지하였다. 지역빈도분석 결과는 3차원 Spline 기법으로 도시하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 2010

Spatial information and smart phone technology have made innovative improvement of daily life. Spatial and geographic information are in practice for various applications. Especially, spatial information along with information and telecommunication technology could create new contents for providing services for convenient daily life. Spatial information technology, recently, is not only for acquiring location and attribute data but also providing tools to extract information and knowledge systematically for decision making. Various indoor applications have emerged in accordance with demands on daily GIS(Geographic information system). This paper aims for applying spatial information technology to support decision-making in shopping. The main contents include product database, optimal path search, shopping time expectation, automatic housekeeping book generation and analysis. Especially for foods, function to analyze information of the nutrition facts could help to improve dietary pattern and well-being. In addition, this system is expected to provide information for preventing overconsumption and impulse purchase could help economical and effective purchase pattern by analyzing propensity to consume.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.12 s.138
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• pp.1596-1604
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• 2004

Quality Function Deployment(QFD) is a product development tool which ensures that the voice of the customer needs is heard and translated into products. To develop a sensible brassiere for middle-aged women QFD was adopted. In this study the applicability and usefulness of QFD was examined through the engineering design process for a sensible brassiere for middle-aged women. The customer needs for the wear comfort of brassiere was made by one-on-one survey of 100 women who aged 30-40. The customer competitive assessment was generated by wearing tests of 10 commercial brassieres. The subjective assessment was conducted in the enviornmental chamber that was controlled at $28{\pm}1^{\circ}C,\;65{\pm}3\%RH.$ As a results, we developed twenty-one customer needs and corresponding HOWs for the wear comfort of brassiere. The Customer Competitive Assessment was generated by wearing tests of commercial brassiere. The subjective measurement scale and dimension for the evaluation of sensible brassiere were extracted from factor analysis. Four factors were fitting, aesthetic property, pressure sensation, displacement of brassiere due to movement. The most critical design parameter was wire-related property and second one was stretchability of main material of brassiere. Also, wearing comfort of brassiere was affected by the interaction of initial stretchability of wing and support of strap. Engineering design process, QFD was applicable to the development of technical and aesthetic brassieres.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.43-57
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify potential semantic landscape makeup of "the Forty Eight Poems of Soswaewon" according to Yin-Yang and Five Elements Principle(陰陽五行論). that speculation system between human's nature and cosmical universal order. Existing academic discussions made so far concerning this topic can be summed up as follows: 1. Among Yin-Yang-based landscape makeups of the Forty Eight Poems of Soswaewon, poetic writings for embodiment of interactions between nature and human behaviors focused on depicting dynamic aspects of a poetic narrator when he appreciates or explores hills and streams as of to live free from worldly cares. Primarily, many of those writings were created on the east and south primarily through assignment of yang. On the other hand, poetic writings for embodiment of nature and seasonal scenery - as static landscape makeup of yin - were often created on or near the north and west for many times. Those writings focusing on embodiment of nature and artificial scenery as a work are divided into two categories: One category refers to author Kim In-hu's expression of semantic landscape from seasonal scenery in nature. The other refers to his depiction of realistic garden images as they are. In the Forty Eight Poems of Soswaewon, the poetic writings show that author Kim focused on embodying seasonal scenery rather than expressing human behaviors. In addition, both Poem No. 1 and Poem No. 48(last poem; titled 'Jangwon Jeyeong') were created in a same place, which author Kim sought to understand the place as a space of beginning and end where yin and yang - i.e. the principle of natural cycle - are inherent. 2. According to construction about landscape in the Forty Eight Poems of Soswaewon on the basis of Ohaeng-ron (five natural element principle), it was found that tree(木) and fire(火) are typical examples of a world combined by emanation. First, many of poetic writings depicting the sentiments of tree focused on embodying seasonal scenery and were located in the place of Ogogmun(五曲門) area in the east, from overall perspective of Soswaewon. The content of these poems shows generation and curve / straightness in flexibility and simplicity. Many of poems depicting the sentiments of fire(火) focused on embodying human behaviors, and they were created in Aeyangdan area on the south of Soswaewon over which sun rises at noon. These poems are all on a status of side movement that is characterized by emanation and ascension which belong to attributes of yang. 3. With regard to Ohaeng-ron's interpretation about landscape in the Forty Eight Poems of Soswaewon, it was found that metal(金) and water(水) are typical examples of world combined by convergence. First, it was found that all of poems depicting sentiments of metal focused on embodying seasonal scenery, and were created in a bamboo grove area on the west from overall perspective of Soswaewon. They represent scenery of autumn among 4 seasons to symbolize faithfulness vested in a man of virtue(seonbi) with integrity and righteousness. Poems depicting sentiments of water were created in vicinity of Jewoldang on the north, possibly topmost of Soswaewon. They were divided into two categories: One category refers to poems embodying actions of welcoming the first full moon deep in the night after sunset, and the other refers to poems embodying natural scenery of snowscape. All of those poems focused on expressing any atmosphere of turning into yin via convergence. 4. With regard to Ohaeng-ron's interpretation of landscape in the Forty Eight Poems of Soswaewon, it was found that poems depicting sentiments of earth(土), a complex body of convergence and emanation, were created in vicinity of mountain stream around Gwangpunggak which is located in the center of Soswaewon. These poems focused on carrying actions of author Kim by way of natural phenomena and artificial scenery.