• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.67-74
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• 2007

Turbo code, a kind of channel coding technique, has ben used in the field of digital mobile communication system if the number of iterations is increased in the several channel environments, my further iteration results in very little improvement, and requires much delay and computation in proportion to the number of iterations. In this paper, it proposes an efficient stopping rules for the iteration process in turbo decoding. By using absolute mean values for the LLR difference values between the first and second decoder in the present decoding process, the proposed algorithm can largely reduce the average number of iterations without BER performance degradation in all SNR regions. As a result of simulation, the average number of iterations of proposed algorithm is reduced by about $18.25%{\sim}20.58%$ compared to SDR algerian in the lower SNR region, and is reduced by about $22.96%{\sim}28.74%$ compared to method using variance values of extrinsic information in the upper SNR region.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 1977

Proton magnetic resonance spectra of five glycine-containing dipeptides glycyl-L-valine, L-valyl-glycine, glycyl-DL-alanine, glycyl-DL-serine and glycyl-L-aspartic acid in $D_2O$ were investigated as a function of pH at room temperature. From the analysis of the spectra, it was found that the chemical shift of the $C_{\alpha}H,\;C_{\beta}H\;and\;C_rH$protons varies with pH as a one-step titration curve, and that the spin-spin coupling constant remains almost unchanged. Two distinct values of the chemical shift for $C_{\alpha}H,\;C_{\beta}H\;or\;C_rH$protons of constituent amino acids in dipeptide solutions indicate the existence of two magnetically non-equivalent sites in solution. From this study, the structures of the five dipeptides have been confirmed by proton magnetic resonance spectra and it has been suggested that the structural change, conformation and sequence determination can be explored for oligopeptides by an analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectra.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.234-239
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• 1999

The isoenzyme patterns and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) were investigated from leaves of Araliaceae plants. Of the eight isoenzymes, two isoenzymes(SOD 4 and SOD 6) were prevalent to leaves of Araliaceae plants. The patterns of these two isoenzymes were most various in the leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus for. inermis, while their activity was highest in the leaves of A. koreanum. These two isoenzymes were respectively identified as Fe-SOD and CuZn-SOD, based on selective inhibition with KCN or$H_2O_2$. The SOD isoenzyme patterns did not differed among stem barks, root barks and leaves of A. koreanum. However, the activities of Fe-SOD and CuZn-SOD were higher in the root bark and in leaves, respectively. Both of Fe-SOD and CuZn-SOD were stable for 1 hr at 30-4$0^{\circ}C$, while unstable above 5$0^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.142-142
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 kiwifruit 과육 속에 들어 있는 단백질분해효소의 gelatin분해활성을 조사하고 그 산업적 방안을 검토하였다. Kiwifruit 과육에서 3개의 단백질분해효소의 활성 밴드(PI, PII, PIII)가 관찰되었다. 단백질분해효소 PI은 220 kD, PII는 51 kD, PIII는 26 kD에 해당하는 것으로 추정할 수 있었다. 이들 단백질분해효소 PI, PII, PIII는 모두 pH 2.0~5.0 범위에서 높은 활성을 보였으며 pH 4.0에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 이들 단백질분해효소 PI, PII, PIII는 모두 cysteine proteinase 저해제인 E-64와 iodoacetate에 의해서 저해되었으며, cysteine proteinase를 촉진하는 DTT, cysteine 및 $\beta$-mercaptoethanol에 의해서 활성이 증가하였다. 그 중 단백질분해효소 PIII는 분자량과 효소의 특성으로 보아 actinidin (EC 3.4.22.14)과 동일한 것으로 판단되었다. 단백질분해효소 PI, PII, PIII는 모두 $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$과 $Mn^{2+}$에 의해 촉진되었으며, $Zn^{2+}$과 Hg$^{2+}$에 의해 완전히 저해되는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, Co$^{2+}$, Cu$^{2+}$, $Al^{3+}$ , Fe$^{3+}$ 등 금속이온의 영향은 다소 다르게 나타났다. Kiwifruit 과육의 단백질분해효소 PI, PII, PIII 중에서 PI과 PII는 온도가 증가함에 따라 활성이 점차 낮아졌으나 PIII는 비교적 안정한 것으로 조사되었다. 특히, PIII는 5$0^{\circ}C$ 이내의 범위에서 48시간 경과시에도 75% 이상의 활성을 보여 이 범위의 온도에서는 상당 시간 동안 안정한 것으로 나타났다. 단백질분해효소의 산업적 가치를 고려해 볼 때 우선적으로 넓은 기질특이성과 열안정성이 높아야 한다. Kiwifruit에서 추출한 단백질분해효소는 4$0^{\circ}C$ 전후에서 최대의 활성을 보이고, 고온에서도 상당 시간 비교적 안정한 특성을 보여 식품제조, 식육연화 등 식품산업 분야에서의 활용가능성이 높을 것으로 보이며, 나아가 단백질이 갖는 식품학적 기능성을 높이는 데에도 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the information effect about the pricing using the ETF price, the benchmark index, and the total tracking error between the ETF price and the benchmark index on the index ETF market and sector ETF markets. Furthermore, the total tracking error is distinguished between the market tracking error and the NAV tracking error. Summary of this study are as follows: First, While KODEX200 don't have impact factors on the price, the most sectors of ETF have the factors affecting the pricing decision. They are the day before the total tracking error or market tracking error. Second, for the ETF price of the most industry, we find that the day before the market tracking error have the price discovery function because it is a negative(-) coefficients. But NAV tracking error could not find such a feature. Finally, the sector ETF price of energy chemical, construction, IT, and semiconductor industries affected of the day before positive(+) impact by the benchmark index price.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.731-744
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• 2010

Nowadays in school mathematics, the skill and method for solving problems are often emphasized in preference to the theoretical principles of mathematics. Students pay attention to how to make an equation mechanically before even understanding the meaning of the given problem. Furthermore they do not get to really know about the principle or theorem that were used to solve the problem, or the meaning of the answer that they have obtained. In contemporary textbooks the conic section such as circle, ellipse, parabola and hyperbola are introduced as the cross section of a cone. But they do not mention how conic section are connected with the quadratic equation or how these curves are related mutually. Students learn the quadratic equations of the conic sections introduced geometrically and are used to manipulating it algebraically through finding a focal point, vertex, and directrix of the cross section of a cone. But they are not familiar with relating these equations with the cross section of a cone. In this paper, we try to understand the quadratic curves better through the analysis of the discussion made in the process of the discovery and eventual development of the conic section and then seek for way to improve the teaching and learning methods of quadratic curves.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 1971

A survey was couducted by the staff of the Dept. of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University, School of Medicine, from April through May 1971, on such events as delivery, death, abortion and family planning. The survey directed to a total population 6,552 (Male 3,133; Female 3,419) residing in this area (1,262 households) led us to the following findings: 1) Two year averages of crude birth rate, crude death rate and natural increase rates were 24.9, 5.0 and 19.9 respectively. 2) Infant death rates for the years 1969 and 1970 were 13.2 and 5.8 respectively, mean for the two year period being 9.3. 3) Hospital deliveries rated 68.5 per cent, Home deliveries 28.4 per cent and deliveries at midwives' offices 2.7 per cent. 4) Deliveries other than hospital and midwives' office deliveries were found to be attended more often by mothers. 5) About 41.4 per cent of all pregnant women during last two years received prenatal care once or more. 6) The induced abortion rate was 6.7 per cent in 1969 and 7.5 per cent in 1970. 7) The spontaneous abortion rate was 1.1 per cent in 1969 and 1.4 per cent in 1970. 8) Hypertension was the most frequent cause of adult death(21.6%). 9) The rate of current practice in family planning was 43.3 percent of all women.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1315-1324
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• 2008

This study was investigated on the consciousness of middle school students in Jeju city about the environmental education through questionnaire, in order to understand the actual conditions of environmental education and to find out the solutions about them. Middle 'school students responded that environmental education in school was taken at the class for the special activity or voluntary service, not in regular class and was worked as in the form of the field trip. They generally obtain the knowledge and informations on the environmental problems from mass media such as TV, radio and newspaper than from regular environment class in school. And 36.0% of students perceive that environmental education is needed as a regular class and 31.3% of students perceive that the regular class in school is effective to the environmental education. These results suggest that many students are interested in the regular environment class in school. However, the most of students responded that the regular environment class in school is not worked or is not worked at all, suggesting that the environmental education in middle school is not worked effectively. Most of students prefer to take the environment class in the form of observation or field trip, and they think that observation or field trip is more effective to obtain environmental informations. In conclusion, the special activity such as observation or field trip needs to be supplemented to regular environment class in order to improve the environmental education in middle school more effectively.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39A no.11
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• pp.660-674
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• 2014

RFID system has been used in a variety of services. So, a lot of attacks like a free ride on the service, leakage of property or personal information are known. Therefore, the solutions that address these attacks have been proposed. Among the attacks, mafia fraud, a kind of relay attack, can not be addressed by common authentication protocol. So, Hancke and Kuhn used distance bounding protocol for RFID authentication. After that, Munilla and Peinado modified HK protocol by adding void challenge. So the mafia fraud success probability of adversary is lower than probability of HK protocol. Ahn et al. proposed a protocol that reduces number of a hash computation and traffic than MP protocol. Here, we show that MP protocol can not defend the terrorist fraud and is vulnerable to noise. And we show that also AYBN protocol is vulnerable to mafia fraud and key leakage. Moreover, we propose a new protocol and our experimental results show that our protocol is secure to terrorist and mafia fraud.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.193-204
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• 1982

This study attempts to clarify the relationship between mother;s child-rearing practices and children's critical thinking abilities. More specifically this study wants to answer the questions: (a) Is there any relationship between mother's child-rearing practices and children's critical thinking abilities? (b) What dimensions of child-rearing practices are more important for children's critical thinking abilities? (c) Does the developmental process of children's critical thinking abilities show any difference according to the mother's child-rearing practices? This study is based on the conceptual model of child-rearing practices from the cognitive disciplinary viewpoint proposed by Lee et al.(1973). They polarized the child-rearing practices into the“mediated”types. These types were specified along seven dimensions of child-rearing. In general terms, the two types refer to the degree to which mother resorts to the description of concrete and immediate phenomena and immediate expression of momentary impulses, and positively reinforces such behaviors of her children. Two kinds of data were collected from 60 primary school boys and girls, and their mothers. A child-rearing practices questionnaire with 28 items was sent to the mothers. And the children were administered a critical thinking abilities test containing measures of 4 dimensions from the Ahn's Critical Thinking Measurement Technique. The major findings are those (a) the children of mothers who reported to have used more“mediated”types of child-rearing show relatively higher level of critical thinking abilities than their counterparts; (b) of the seven dimensions of child-rearing practices, the most significant are“mode of description”,“rationality-orientation”and“reward and punishment”; and (c) the“mediated”type of child-rearing practices tends to facilitate critical thinking abilities development. In conclusion, it is believed that a further refinement of this study will contribute to the development of child-rearing training program for mothers.