• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.206-217
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• 1995

Background: In patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS), there are several factors increasing upper airway resistance and there is a predisposition to compromised respiratory function during waking and sleep related to constitutional factors including a tendency to obesity. Several recent studies have suggested a possible relationship between sleep apnea(SA) and systemic hypertension. But the possible pathophysiologic link between SA and hypertension is still unclear. In this study, we have examined the relationship among age, body mass index(BMI), pulmonary function parameters and polysomnographic data in patients with OSAS. And also we tried to know the difference among these parameters between hypertensive OSAS and normotensive OSAS patients. Methods: Patients underwent a full night of polysomnography and measured pulmonary function during waking. OSAS was diagnosed if patients had more than 5 apneas per hour(apnea index, AI). A careful history of previously known or present hypertension was obtained from each patient, and patients with systolic blood pressure $\geq$ 160mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure $\geq$ 95mmHg were classified as hypertensives. Results: The noctural nadir of arterial oxygen saturation($SaO_2$ nadir) was negatively related to AI and respiratory disturbance index(RDI), and the degree of noctural oxygen desaturation(DOD) was positively related to AI and RDI. BMI contributed to AI, RDI, $SaO_2$ nadir and DOD values. And also BMI contributed to $FEV_1,\;FEV_1/FVC$ and DLco values. There was a correlation between airway resistance(Raw) and AI, and there was a inverse correlation between DLco and DOD. But there was no difference among these parameters between hypertensive OSAS and normotensive OSAS patients. Conclusion: The obesity contributed to the compromised respiratory function and the severity of OSAS. AI and RDI were important factors in the severity of hypoxia during sleep. The measurement of pulmonary function parameters including Raw and DLco may be helpful in the prediction and assessment of OSAS patients. But we could not find clear difference between hypertensive and normotensive OSAS patients.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.76-84
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• 1999

Objectives: A number of studies have shown that sleep deprivation results in reduced vigilance and increased negative affects such as tension, depression and anger. However there are few studies about effects of sleep deprivation on anxiety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 40 hour sleep deprivation on state anxiety, affects, sleepiness and fatigue. The authors also intended to study the effect of trait-anxiety on these psychological variables after sleep deprivation. Methods: Twenty nine subjects(22 men, 7 women, $24.59{\pm}1.35$ years of age) participated in this study. Subjects had no past history of psychiatric disorders and physical illnesses, and had normal sleep-waking cycle without current sleep disturbances. All of the subjects completed sleep dairy for two weeks to exclude some who suffered from chronic sleep deprivation or sleep disturbances. Subjects were instructed to get a normal sleep as usual at night before the study. After awakening, subjects remained awake for 40 hours under continuous surveillance. They completed State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Index of General Affect, Stanford Sleepiness Scale and Fatigue Questionnaire every three hours, therefore they completed the scales 14 times totally. Subjects were dictated not to take caffeine, alcohol, or any medications on the day of the study. Heavy exercises and naps were restricted too. Results: Sleep deprivation resulted in increased state anxiety, negative general affects, and increased sleepiness and fatigue(p<.001). Dividing into high trait-anxiety group and low trait-anxiety group, there was significant sleep deprivation x traitanxiety interaction effect on general affect(p<.05). But, there was no significant sleep deprivation x trait-anxiety interaction effect on state-anxiety, sleepiness and fatigue. During sleep deprivation, the highest ratings of scales on anxiety, negative affect, sleepiness and fatigue occurred between 4 : 00AM and 7 : 00AM. Conclusions: These results show that sleep deprivation results in increased anxiety, mood state disturbance and increment of sleepiness and fatigue. These findings also suggest that trait-anxiety is a factor that influences the degree of worsening in general affect caused by sleep deprivation. During sleep deprivation, the rating curves of anxiety, affect, sleepiness and fatigue show rhythmicity that may be related to circadian rhythm.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the quality of sleep in hospitalized patients with lung cancer. Methods: The data were collected from January to April 2001. Study subjects were 50 lung cancer patients hospitalized at K University and G hospital in Busan, Korea. Quality of sleep was measured using the Quality of Sleep Scale (range $15{\sim}60$) developed by Oh et al (1999). The data were analyzed with the SPSS 10.0 program using frequency and percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOV4 and Post-hoc test (Scheffe's test). Results: The results of this study were as follow; 1) The mean quality of sleep score was $35.64{\pm}7.59$ (range: $21{\sim}52$). 2) There was 3 Significant difference in 'ongoing pain' (t=-1.943, P=.046), 'major caregiver' (F=B863, P=.047), 'change of weight' (F=5.906, P=.019), according to general characteristics in the quality of sleep in hospitalized patients with lung cancer. Conclusion: As a results, the level of the quality of sleep in hospitalized patients with lung cancer was moderate. And, the study results indicate that ongoing pain, major caregiver, change of weight impact the quality of sleep of lung cancer patients. Therefore, nurses should consider those factors in providing nursing care for hospitalized patient with lung cancer.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2010

The increasing regular medical check up rate for early diagnosis in disease has increasing sleep endoscopy rate because of reduction with discomfort. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of recovery bed as increasing sleep endoscopy rate using check up time, waiting time & recovery time at a general hospital in Seoul. This study was analyzed using ARENA 10.0 program. At present and as increasing of sleep endoscopy rate 10%, 20% was increased recovery time, waiting time & the rate of bed inflection. So at present, the number of recovery bed has to increase for client's safety and as increasing of sleep endoscopy rate 10%, 20% has to increase 3 and then waiting time decreased in 2 minutes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.324-326
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• 2011

Measuring a biosignal during sleep is an important part of diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorder and also used to determine the general quality of sleep. As in current polysomnography, Contact method, which requires the attachment of electrodes to the skin, is the typical method to measure a biosignal during sleep. The procedure of this test is often considered to be inconvenient and tiresome because it requires attaching the device to the skin for each observation, and also limits free movement throughout the test. For this reason, the research on the acquiring the biosignal information without any attachment of a fixture on the skin is being conducted actively these days. In this study, it is suggested to check the heart rate per minute and the presence of breathing by placing a Piezo, which is a film type of pressure sensor, on the bed.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.199-208
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• 2011

Scarcity of water worldwide, increasing greenhouse gas emissions, increased energy consumption due to the Earth is threatened. Existing in the process of urban planning and development of forests, rivers and other natural ecosystems have been destroyed and that there was increased impervious pavement. Impervious pavement increase water circulation system to destroy the natural and urban water retention, infiltration and decreased evaporation. Nonpoint source pollution(NPS) occurs when rainfall impervious pavement and appeal directly to the river water inflow is adversely impacts of the situation. In this study, rainfall occurs impervious pavement NPS pollution reduction and temperature increase due to the increase in urban areas, and to solve heat island phenomenon is to develop small HSSF constructed wetland technology. The small HSSF constructed wetland sedimentation, filtration, adsorption, absorption by vegetation, including such mechanisms. Techniques for verification of the pilot-scale test was conducted. In the future domestic urban heat island phenomenon and restore the natural water cycle for the facilities will be used as a basis to develop.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.446-450
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• 2006

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) or Ondine's curse is a very rare sleep disorder that is the result of a congenital failure of the autonomic control of ventilation caused by insensitivity of the chemoreceptor to hypercapnea during sleep. Gastrointestinal motility disorders, particularly a congenital megacolon (Hirschsprung disease) is often combined with CCHS. This combination can be explained by a defect in the migration of neuronal cells from the neural crest (neurocristopathy) during the intrauterine period. A diagnosis of CCHS is made by confirming the failure of adequate ventilation in response to hypercapnea and hypoxia during sleep and the exclusion of other diseases. Young infants frequently show atypical clinical courses, and their conditions are frequently complicated with the long-term sequela of hypoxemic episodes. Therefore, a high index of suspicion and active treatment with mechanical ventilation are important for reducing recurrent hypoxemic episodes in the neonatal period. This paper reports the follow up of a case of CCHS in a neonate who showed frequent intractable apnea and cyanosis and was given artificial mechanical ventilation during sleep.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.474-478
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• 2011

하천의 만곡부는 원심력으로 만곡 내측의 수면이 낮아지고 만곡 외측의 수면이 높아지는 수면 경사가 발생되며, 2차류 등의 발달로 흐름이 매우 복잡해진다. 특히 산지가 89%를 차지하는 강원도는 하천과 도로가 근접 발달되어 있어서 하천 만곡부의 편수위에 의한 수면상승과 세굴은 하천제방을 파괴시키고 도로 피해로 이어진다. 산지하천 만곡부 곳곳에 많이 노출되어 있는 암초는 홍수시 유수의 원활한 소통을 막고, 편수위 상승을 더욱 가중시키고 있다. 만곡부의 편수위에 대해서는 이론적으로나 실험적으로 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있으나 암초와 같은 장애물이 많고 경사가 급한 산지하천을 대상으로 편수위를 연구는 사례는 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 양양남대천 중상류의 법수치리 면옥치천 합류 전 만곡부에서 홍수시 편수위를 측정하고, 내린천의 인제군 미산리와 홍천군 광원리 각 만곡부에 수위측정장치를 설치해 편수위를 조사하였다. 양양남대천 법수치 만곡부는 그림 1과 같이 하도 내에 있는 암반의 영향으로 편수위가 2.145m를 나타내었고, 내린천은 광원지점에서 최대 1.15m, 미산지점에서는 1.18m로 관측되었다. 특히 내리천 미산지점의 만곡접근부에서는 하도 내에 있는 암초장애물의 영향으로 편수위가 2.17m로 기록되었다. 산지하천 만곡부 수충부에 존재하는 암초 장애물은 편수위를 더욱 가중시킬 수도 있고 계방천 송전교와 같이 저감시키는 역할을 할수 있다는 것이 본 조사연구에서 확인되었다. 하도 내 암초 장애물은 산지하천 만곡부에서 매우 흔하게 발견되는 특성이므로 자연장애물이 편수위에 미치는 영향에 대하여 향후 지속적으로 연구하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.10
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• pp.207-216
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• 2013

The aim of this study is to design a classifier for sleep stage analysis and select important feature set which shows sleep stage well based on physiological signals during sleep. Sleep has a significant effect on the quality of human life. When people undergo lack of sleep or sleep-related disease, they are likely to reduced concentration and cognitive impairment affects, etc. Therefore, there are a lot of research to analyze sleep stage. In this study, after acquisition physiological signals during sleep, we do pre-processing such as filtering for extracting features. The features are used input for the new combination algorithm using genetic algorithm(GA) and neural networks(NN). The algorithm selects features which have high weights to classify sleep stage. As the result of this study, accuracy of the algorithm is up to 90.26% with electroencephalography(EEG) signal and electrocardiography(ECG) signal, and selecting features are alpha and delta frequency band power of EEG signal and standard deviation of all normal RR intervals(SDNN) of ECG signal. We checked the selected features are well shown that they have important information to classify sleep stage as doing repeating the algorithm. This research could use for not only diagnose disease related to sleep but also make a guideline of sleep stage analysis.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2022

Background: No studies have reported on the effects of loess beddings on insomnia patients. Purpose: It studied the change in quality of life and quality of sleep after having 15 insomnia subjects use the bedding that emits far-infrared rays. Methods: After using loess bedding for the test group and general yellow bedding for the control group, the study was conducted in the form of a questionnaire on the WHO quality of life of the subjects. Results: In the overall quality of life evaluation, the pre-and post-changes significantly improved in the test group. Using loess bedding was greatly enhanced the physical change, the actual sleep time, and the quality of sleep of the test group. The period of sleep was significantly longer post-treating, and the habitual sleep efficiency was considerably higher, and sleep disturbance was significantly lower than before in the test group. Sleep drug use and daytime dysfunction after treating in the test group significantly improved the sleep effect. Changes in the Sociality Scale, Environmental Change Scale, and Quality of Life Scale significantly improved in the test group. The quality of life for 14 items in the test group was significantly correlated. Daytime drowsiness, depression, and anxiety scale changes were significantly improved in the test group. According to the predictive survey, the subjects felt warmth in their body and comfort in mind during and after using loess bedding and evaluated that sleep quality was good. Conclusions: The overall quality of life in the test group increased using loess bedding.