• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.7 no.8
• /
• pp.1183-1194
• /
• 2004

Network partitioning problem is to partition a network into multiple blocks such that the size of cutset is minimized while keeping the block sizes balanced. Among these, iterative algorithms are regarded as simple and efficient which are based on cell move of Fiduccia and Mattheyses algorithm, Sanchis algorithm, or Kernighan and Lin algorithm. All these algorithms stipulate balanced block size as a constraint that should be satisfied, which makes a cell movement be inefficient. Park and Park introduced a balancing coefficient R by which the block size balance is considered as a part of partitioning cost, not as a constraint. However, Park and Park's algorithm has a square time complexity with respect to the number of cells. In this paper, we proposed Bucket algorithm that has a linear time complexity with respect to the number of cells, while taking advantage of the balancing coefficient. Reducing time complexity is made possible by a simple observation that balancing cost does not vary so much when a cell moves. Bucket data structure is used to maintain partitioning cost efficiently. Experimental results for MCNC test sets show that cutset size of proposed algorithm is 63.33% 92.38% of that of Sanchis algorithm while our algorithm satisfies predefined balancing constraints and acceptable execution time.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.28-35
• /
• 2007

In this paper, an ultra low voltage SRAM design method based on dual-boosted cell bias technique is described. For each read/write cycle, the wordline and cell power node of the selected SRAM cells are boosted into two different voltage levels. This enhances SNM(Static Noise Margin) to a sufficient amount without an increase of the cell size, even at sub 1-V supply voltage. It also improves the SRAM circuit speed owing to increase of the cell read-out current. The proposed design technique has been demonstrated through 0.8-V, 32K-byte SRAM macro design in a $0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. Compared to the conventional cell bias technique, the simulation confirms an 135 % enhancement of the cell SNM and a 31 % faster speed at 0.8-V supply voltage. This prototype chip shows an access time of 23 ns and a power dissipation of $125\;{\mu}W/Hz$.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.73-77
• /
• 2004

Selenium containing peptide was produced by culturing yeast with selenium, Selenium was broadly incorporated in the various size of proteins based on the GPC analysis of the total yeast protein. The ratio of selenium to protein increased with the concentration of added selenium in the culture medium. Antioxidant activity (glutathione peroxidase-like activity) was proportional to the concentration of selenium concentration in the peptide. Different size of proteins were obtained by hydrolyzing the total yeast protein by protease XIV. Average molecular weight of selenium peptide was analyzed by GPC. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity of the selenium peptide increased as the size of peptide decreased. Sodium selenite had strong inhibition on the yeast growth than sodium selenate. The ratio of selenium to protein was higher with sodium selenate than with sodium selenite. These results showed the potentials of selenium peptide production by yeast cultivation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.8A
• /
• pp.760-768
• /
• 2006

In this paper, an novel resource allocation scheme is proposed for adaptive multiuser OFDM-TDD systems in multiuser, multicell and frequency-selective time-varying channels. The optimal frame size and mode switching level of each user is determined by maximizing the spectrum efficiency. In multi-cell environment, the allocation scheme must consider the cochannel interference of other cells. The measured SINR is changed in one frame size because the interference is changed. The frame size is determined to consider both the optimal frame size and cochannel user's frame size of other cells. we propose the efficient resource allocation scheme which is satisfied the target BER.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.143-151
• /
• 2001

Ca/LiCl-KCl/CaCrO$_4$열 전지계의 양극재료로서 BCT(Body-Centered Tetragonal) 결정구조를 갖는 CaCrO$_4$분말을 GNP로 합성하고, SEM, TEM, XRD를 이용하여 그 미세구조를 분석하였다. GNP 공정에 의한 CaCrO$_4$분말은 단일상으로 0.5$mu extrm{m}$ 이하의 입자 크기를 가지며 균일하게 분포한 반면, 기존의 분말 혼합법은 높은 하수 온도 및 장시간의 하소 조건을 필요하므로 미세한 분말 합성이 어렵고 pellet 형태로 만들었을 때 GNP 분말에 비해 비표면적이 현저하게 작기 때문에 전극 재료로써 유리하지 못하다. Ca/LiCl-KCl/CaCrO$_4$계의 전기 화학적인 특성을 평가해본 결과 전지셀을 Ca/DEB(LiCl-KCl+CaCrO$_4$+SiO$_2$)와 같은 DEB 형태로 만들었을 때 $600^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 2.0 V이상 (<100 mA/㎤)의 안정한 전압이 5분 이상 유지되었다. 그러나 3층 전극 셀(Ca/LiCl/KCl/ CaCrO$_4$)에서는 동일한 온도에서 2.0 V이상 (<100 mA/㎤)의 전압이 7분 이상 유지되었으나 불안정한 전압 변동 및 낮은 peak voltage로 인해 DEB 셀의 전지 특성이 더 우수한 것으로 생각된다. 양극 재료의 제조 방법의 관점에서 볼 때, 동일한 DEB(Depolarizer : Electrolyte : Binder=25 : 70 : 5 wt%) 조성의 셀 구성시, GNP 분말은 분말 혼합법에 의한 분말보다 반응 표면적이 훨씬 크기 때문에 GNP 양극 활 물질의 DEB 셀에서의 전지 수명이 더 길었다.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.775-780
• /
• 2000

The electrical conductivity of glass melter at high temperature has been measured. The conductivity is an important physical property for the research and the manufacturing process of glass. Because high temperature is an inconvenient situation to measure the conductivity of glass melter, we have made a platinum crucible and electrode and have measured the conductivity at high temperature. KCl solution, of which concentration is adjusted to the conductivity of glass melter, is used to get parameters of the conductivity cell. A measuring circuit is composed with an AC 1 kHz sine wave generator and an operational amplifier. The cell constants are determined from the measured voltages and the equivalent conductances of KCl solution. Various cells are tested to find a suitable shape for high temperature experiment. The results are compared by cell size, electrode depth, and cell configuration. The conductivity of the borosilicate melter is $0.053{\Omega}^{-1}cm^{-1}$ at $1,450^{\circ}C$.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.34-40
• /
• 2012

The foaming of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) using supercritical $CO_2(scCO_2)$ was studied. In order to improve the melt strength, PBS was modified using the reactive compounding technique. Rapid decompression of $scCO_2$-saturated PBS at a temperature above the depressed $T_m$ yielded expanded microcellular foams. The resulting foam structure could be controlled by manipulating process conditions. Experiments varying the foaming temperature while holding other variables constant showed that higher temperatures produced larger cells and reduced cell densities. Higher saturated pressures led to higher nucleation densities and smaller cell sizes. Decreasing the rate of depressurization permitted a longer period of cell growth and therefore larger cells were obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.155-159
• /
• 2008

In this work, we report synthesis of free-standing ZnO/Zn core-shell micro-polyhedrons using metal Zn pellets as a source material by the thermal chemical vapor deposition process. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy measurements were introduced to investigate morphologies and structural properties of as-grown ZnO/Zn core-shell micro-polyhedrons. It was found that micro-polyhedrons were composed of inner single-crystalline metal Zn surrounded by single-crystalline ZnO nanorod arrays. The inner single crystalline metal Zn with micro-scale diameter has a hexagonal crystal structure. Diameter and height of ZnO nanorods covering the metal Zn surface are below 10 nm and 100 nm, respectively. It was also confirmed that c-axis oriented ZnO nanorods are single crystalline with a hexagonal crystal structure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.48-50
• /
• 1998

메시지에 기반을 둔 다중컴퓨터는 프로세서들 간에 고속통신을 위한 연결 망을 요구한다. ATM 스위치는 대규모의 다중컴퓨터를 구성하기에 유리한 접근 방식을 제공하며, 낮은 지연시간과 고성능을 제공하는 특성을 가진다. 본 논문은 고속 ATM 스위치를 통한 프로세서들간의 정보를 송신/수신하는 셀 라우터를 설명한다. 고속 ATM 스위치를 효율적으로 사용하기 위하여, 본 논문은 다중화와 역 다중화를 가지고 계층적 구조를 제안한다. 일반 연결 망에서 라우팅을 위해 착신주소를 가지는 기본단위는 메시지이지만, ATM 망에서는 셀이라고 부르는 고정된 크기의 프레임이 기본단위이다. 셀은 VPI와 VCI를 가지며, 이는 송신/수신 프로세서의 구별자로서 사용된다 결론적으로 제안한 고속 셀 라우터와 계층적 구조는 메시지 전송지연의 관점에서 이점을 가질 수 있다.

• Information and Communications Magazine
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.56-64
• /
• 2015

기회적 간섭 정렬 기술은 사용자 간섭 채널에서 탁월한 이론적 성능을 보이는 간섭 정렬 기술을 다수의 사용자와 기지국, 다수의 안테나가 존재하는 다중 셀 다중안테나 셀룰라 네트워크에 적용하는 기술 중 하나로서 각 셀의 사용자가 증가할수록 이론적인 최적 자유도를 달성하는 기술이다. 기회적 간섭 정렬 기법의 장점은 각 셀 상호 정보의 교환 없이 독립적으로 동작하고 각 사용자는 자신과 연관된 채널 정보(local channel state information, local CSI)만을 요구한다는 것이다. 셀의 크기가 감소하고 기지국 및 사용자 단말의 밀도가 크게 증가할 것으로 예상되는 5세대 이동통신 시스템에서는 각 통신링크간 간섭제어가 매우 중요할 것으로 예상된다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 5세대 이동통신 시스템에서 핵심적인 역할을 할 것으로 예상되는 기회적 간섭 정렬 기법에 관하여 살펴본다.