• 환경생물
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2012

본 연구는 한국 특산식물인 변산바람꽃(Eranthis byunsanensis B.Y. Sun)의 분포현황 및 서식지에 대한 생태적 특성과 식생에 대해 조사하고 분석함으로써 향후 자생식물을 활용한 자원화 및 보전과 복원의 기초 자료로 활용하고자 수행되었다. 조사는 2010년 2월부터 7월까지 변산, 여수, 거제, 울산, 경주, 제주, 안양 등 7개 지역에서 수행되었다. 각 지역에 $1m{\times}1m$의 방형구를 총 59개 설치하고 방형구 내에 분포하는 모든 종의 피도와 빈도를 기록하였고, 상층부 교목의 우점종을 기록하고 서식지의 환경특성을 조사하였다. 조사 결과 변산바람꽃은 해발 84m~585 m 사이에 분포하였고, 총 59개 방형구 중 43개의 방형구가 북동사면에 위치하였다. 또한 경사 $10{\sim}20^{\circ}$의 계곡을 따라 불연속적으로 분포하였으며 토양분석결과 유기물은 평균 9.6%, pH는 4.9로 대부분 약산성이며 토양수분함량은 평균 16.5%로 나타났다. 고도에 대해 경사는 음의 상관관계를 보여 고도가 낮아질수록 경사가 완만해지며, 토양은 산성을 띄는 경향을 보였다. pH와 토양수분 함량, 변산바람꽃의 분포와 유기물은 정의 상관관계를 보여 수분이 풍부하고, 영양분의 공급이 원활한 지역을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 총 59개 방형구에서 144개 분류군이 나타났으며 서식지 주변의 교목으로서 고로쇠나무와 까치박달나무, 비목나무, 서어나무 등이 높은 빈도로 출현하였다. 이 연구 결과는 한국 특산식물인 변산바람꽃의 자생지 보전 및 복원의 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이며, 변산바람꽃을 활용한 분화용 소재개발 및 재배 시 최적의 서식환경에 대한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권5_3호
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• pp.1037-1051
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• 2020

최근 기후변화로 인해 강도가 높은 태풍의 빈도가 높아짐에 따라 태풍 예측의 중요성이 강조되고 있는 데, 태풍경로예측에 비해 태풍강도예측에 대한 연구는 미비한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 딥러닝 모델인 Multi-task learning (MTL) 기법을 활용하여 정지궤도기상위성을 활용한 관측자료와 수치예보모델을 융합한 실시간 추정 및 6시간, 12시간 후의 태풍강도예측 모델을 제안하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 2011년에서 2016년까지 북서태평양에서 발생한 총 142개의 태풍을 대상으로 강도 예측 연구를 시행하였다. 한국 최초의 기상위성인 Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) Meteorological Imager (MI)를 활용하여 태풍의 관측영상을 추출하였고, National Center of Environmental Prediction (NCEP)에서 제공하는 Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2)를 활용하여 6시간, 12시간 후의 태풍 주변 대기 및 해양 예측변수를 추출하였다. 본 연구에서는 각 입력자료의 활용성을 정량화 하기 위하여, 위성 기반 태풍관측영상만을 활용한 MTL 모델(Scheme 1)과 수치예보모델을 융합적으로 활용한 MTL 모델(Scheme 2)을 구축하고, 각 모델의 훈련 및 검증 성능을 정량적으로 비교하였다. 실시간 강도 추정의 결과 scheme 1과 scheme 2에서 비슷한 성능을 보이는 반면, 6시간, 12시간 후 태풍강도예측의 경우 scheme 2에서 각각 13%, 16% 개선된 결과를 보였다. 태풍 단계별 예측성능에 대한 분석을 시행한 결과, 저강도 태풍일수록 낮은 평균제곱근오차를 보인 반면, 대부분의 강도 단계에서 평균제곱근편차비는 30% 미만의 값을 보이며 유의미한 검증 결과를 보였다. 이에 본 연구에서 제시한 두가지 모델을 기반으로 2014년 발생한 태풍 HALONG의 시계열검증을 시행하였다. 그 결과, scheme 1의 경우 태풍 초기발달단계에서 태풍의 강도를 약 20 kts가량 과대 추정하는 경향을 보이는데, 환경예측자료를 융합한 scheme 2에서는 오차가 약 5 kts가량으로 과대 추정 경향이 줄어들었다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 현재, 6시간, 12시간 후 강도를 동시에 추출하는 MTL 모델은 Single-tasking model 대비 약 300%의 시간 효율을 보이며, 향후 신속한 태풍 예보 정보 추출에 큰 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 의료법학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.107-135
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• 2007

대법원 2005. 11. 24. 선고 2002 도 4758 판결은 $\ulcorner$의료법 제21조 제1항의 문언상 "상세히 기록하여야 한다."라고만 규정하고 있을 뿐 "허위로 작성하 여서는 아니 된다."라거나 "허위 사항을 기재하여서는 아니 된다."라고 규정하고 있지 않은 점, 그리고 구 의료법 제53조 제1항 제3호가 면허자격정지사유에 관하여 "제21조 제1항에 의한 진료기록부 등을 허위로 작성한 때"라고 규정하고 있어 위 제21조 제1항 및 제69조와 그 내용 및 형식을 서로 달리하고 있는 점 등을 고려해 볼 때, 의료인이 진료기록부를 허위로 작성한 경우에는 위 제53조 제1항 제3호에 따라 그 면허자격을 정지시킬 수 있는 사유에 해당한다고 볼 수 있을지언정 나아가 그것이 형사처벌 규정인 제69조 소정의 제21조 제1항의 규정에 위반한 경우에 해당한다고 해석할 수는 없다.$\lrcorner$ 취지로 판시하고 었으나, 대법원 1997. 8. 29. 선고 97도 1234 판결 등의 판시내용 (의사는 진료기록부에 환자의 상태와 치료의 경과 등 의료행위에 관한 사항과 그 소견을 환자의 계속적인 치료에 이용할 수 있고 다른 의료인들에게 적절한 정보를 제공할 수 있으며, 의료행위가 종료된 이후에는 그 의료행위의 적정성 여부를 판단하기에 충분한 정도로 상세하게 기재하여야 한다는 취지)등에 비춰보면 본건처럼 의사인 피고인이 실제로는 거의 치료를 받지 아니한 사람을 입원 전 기간 동안 진료와 치료를 충실히 한 것처럼 진료기록부에 허위내용을 기재한 것은 의료법 제21조 제1항의 진료기록부 작성의무를 제대로 이행한 것으로 볼 수 없다고 할 것이고, 위 의료법 제21조 제1항과 제53조 제1항의 관계에 있어서도 진료기록부를 허위기재하거나 과장기재한 경우에는 제21조 제1항 위반으로 형사 처벌 대상일 뿐만 아니라 부가적으로 제53조 제1항에 의해 면허정지 등 행정처분을 받을 수 있다는 취지로 해석이 타당하다고 사료된다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.57-81
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• 2008

Knowledge is an essential strategic weapon for sustaining competitive advantage and is the key determinant for organizational growth. When knowledge is shared and disseminated throughout the organization, it increases an organization's value by providing the ability to respond to new and unusual situations. The growing importance of knowledge as a critical resource has forced executives to pay attention to their organizational knowledge. Organizations are increasingly undertaking knowledge management initiatives and making significant investments. Knowledge sourcing is considered as the first important step in effective knowledge management. Most firms continue to make an effort to realize the benefits of knowledge management by using various knowledge sources effectively. Appropriate knowledge sourcing strategies enable organizations to create, acquire, and access knowledge in a timely manner by reducing search and transfer costs, which result in better firm performance. In response, the knowledge management literature has devoted substantial attention to the analysis of knowledge sourcing strategies. Many studies have categorized knowledge sourcing strategies into intemal- and external-oriented. Internal-oriented sourcing strategy attempts to increase firm performance by integrating knowledge within the boundary of the firm. On the contrary, external-oriented strategy attempts to bring knowledge in from outside sources via either acquisition or imitation, and then to transfer that knowledge across to the organization. However, the extant literature on knowledge sourcing strategies focuses primarily on large organizations. Although many studies have clearly highlighted major differences between large and small firms and the need to adopt different strategies for different firm sizes, scant attention has been given to analyzing how knowledge sourcing strategies affect firm performance in small firms and what are the differences between small and large firms in the patterns of knowledge sourcing strategies adoption. This study attempts to advance the current literature by examining the impact of knowledge sourcing strategies on small firm performance from a holistic perspective. By drawing on knowledge based theory from organization science and complementarity theory from the economics literature, this paper is motivated by the following questions: (1) what are the adoption patterns of different knowledge sourcing strategies in small firms (i,e., what sourcing strategies should be adopted and which sourcing strategies work well together in small firms)?; and (2) what are the performance implications of these adoption patterns? In order to answer the questions, this study developed three hypotheses. First hypothesis based on knowledge based theory is that internal-oriented knowledge sourcing is positively associated with small firm performance. Second hypothesis developed on the basis of knowledge based theory is that external-oriented knowledge sourcing is positively associated with small firm performance. The third one based on complementarity theory is that pursuing both internal- and external-oriented knowledge sourcing simultaneously is negatively or less positively associated with small firm performance. As a sampling frame, 700 firms were identified from the Annual Corporation Report in Korea. Survey questionnaires were mailed to owners or executives who were most erudite about the firm s knowledge sourcing strategies and performance. A total of 188 companies replied, yielding a response rate of 26.8%. Due to incomplete data, 12 responses were eliminated, leaving 176 responses for the final analysis. Since all independent variables were measured using continuous variables, supermodularity function was used to test the hypotheses based on the cross partial derivative of payoff function. The results indicated no significant impact of internal-oriented sourcing strategies while positive impact of external-oriented sourcing strategy on small firm performance. This intriguing result could be explained on the basis of various resource and capital constraints of small firms. Small firms typically have restricted financial and human resources. They do not have enough assets to always develop knowledge internally. Another possible explanation is competency traps or core rigidities. Building up a knowledge base based on internal knowledge creates core competences, but at the same time, excessive internal focused knowledge exploration leads to behaviors blind to other knowledge. Interestingly, this study found that Internal- and external-oriented knowledge sourcing strategies had a substitutive relationship, which was inconsistent with previous studies that suggested complementary relationship between them. This result might be explained using organizational identification theory. Internal organizational members may perceive external knowledge as a threat, and tend to ignore knowledge from external sources because they prefer to maintain their own knowledge, legitimacy, and homogeneous attitudes. Therefore, integrating knowledge from internal and external sources might not be effective, resulting in failure of improvements of firm performance. Another possible explanation is small firms resource and capital constraints and lack of management expertise and absorptive capacity. Although the integration of different knowledge sources is critical, high levels of knowledge sourcing in many areas are quite expensive and so are often unrealistic for small enterprises. This study provides several implications for research as well as practice. First this study extends the existing knowledge by examining the substitutability (and complementarity) of knowledge sourcing strategies. Most prior studies have tended to investigate the independent effects of these strategies on performance without considering their combined impacts. Furthermore, this study tests complementarity based on the productivity approach that has been considered as a definitive test method for complementarity. Second, this study sheds new light on knowledge management research by identifying the relationship between knowledge sourcing strategies and small firm performance. Most current literature has insisted complementary relationship between knowledge sourcing strategies on the basis of data from large firms. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, this study identifies substitutive relationship between knowledge sourcing strategies using data from small firms. Third, implications for practice highlight that managers of small firms should focus on knowledge sourcing from external-oriented strategies. Moreover, adoption of both sourcing strategies simultaneousiy impedes small firm performance.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.105-130
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• 2008

Consumers of e-learning market differ from those of other markets in that they are replaced in a specific time scale. For example, e-learning contents aimed at highschool senior students cannot be consumed by a specific consumer over the designated period of time. Hence e-learning service providers need to attract new groups of students every year. Due to lack of information on products designed for continuously emerging consumers, the consumers face difficulties in making rational decisions in a short time period. Increased uncertainty of product purchase leads customers to herding behaviors to obtain information of the product from others and imitate them. Taking into consideration of these features of e-learning market, this study will focus on the online herding behavior in purchasing e-learning contents. There is no definite concept for e-learning. However, it is being discussed in a wide range of perspectives from educational engineering to management to e-business etc. Based upon the existing studies, we identify two main view-points regarding e-learning. The first defines e-learning as a concept that includes existing terminologies, such as CBT (Computer Based Training), WBT (Web Based Training), and IBT (Internet Based Training). In this view, e-learning utilizes IT in order to support professors and a part of or entire education systems. In the second perspective, e-learning is defined as the usage of Internet technology to deliver diverse intelligence and achievement enhancing solutions. In other words, only the educations that are done through the Internet and network can be classified as e-learning. We take the second definition of e-learning for our working definition. The main goal of this study is to investigate what factors affect consumer intention to purchase e-learning contents and to identify the differential impact of the factors between consumers with purchase experience and those without the experience. To accomplish the goal of this study, it focuses on herding behavior and perceived usefulness as antecedents to behavioral intention. The proposed research model in the study extends the Technology Acceptance Model by adding herding behavior and usability to take into account the unique characteristics of e-learning content market and e-learning systems use, respectively. The current study also includes consumer experience with e-learning content purchase because the previous experience is believed to affect purchasing intention when consumers buy experience goods or services. Previous studies on e-learning did not consider the characteristics of e-learning contents market and the differential impact of consumer experience on the relationship between the antecedents and behavioral intention, which is the target of this study. This study employs a survey method to empirically test the proposed research model. A survey questionnaire was developed and distributed to 629 informants. 528 responses were collected, which consist of potential customer group (n = 133) and experienced customer group (n = 395). The data were analyzed using PLS method, a structural equation modeling method. Overall, both herding behavior and perceived usefulness influence consumer intention to purchase e-learning contents. In detail, in the case of potential customer group, herding behavior has stronger effect on purchase intention than does perceived usefulness. However, in the case of shopping-experienced customer group, perceived usefulness has stronger effect than does herding behavior. In sum, the results of the analysis show that with regard to purchasing experience, perceived usefulness and herding behavior had differential effects upon the purchase of e-learning contents. As a follow-up analysis, the interaction effects of the number of purchase transaction and herding behavior/perceived usefulness on purchase intention were investigated. The results show that there are no interaction effects. This study contributes to the literature in a couple of ways. From a theoretical perspective, this study examined and showed evidence that the characteristics of e-learning market such as continuous renewal of consumers and thus high uncertainty and individual experiences are important factors to be considered when the purchase intention of e-learning content is studied. This study can be used as a basis for future studies on e-learning success. From a practical perspective, this study provides several important implications on what types of marketing strategies e-learning companies need to build. The bottom lines of these strategies include target group attraction, word-of-mouth management, enhancement of web site usability quality, etc. The limitations of this study are also discussed for future studies.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.97-115
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• 2008

Introduction The e-government is concerned with using Internet and Web technologies to exchange information and services with citizens, businesses and other related organizations, and it centers on three functions, namely informational, interactive, and transactional [UN, 2001]. Many developed countries like the U.S. have been actively involved in e-government projects, since they enable both more effective public services for citizens and more efficient internal operations. Korea is among these leading countries that are planning to leverage computer and communication technologies to provide for integration of work processes and information as well as convenient access to information and services. For this reason, evaluating e-government projects is becoming a crucial issue for both researchers and policy-makers. However, most research to date has primarily focused on a model of success of an e-government system designed for citizens, overlooking internal systems specifically created for employees working in a public organization. This paper is intended to propose a model to measure the success of a Web-based information system designed for use by internal users at Chungwadae, the executive branch of Korea's central government. The paper is also aimed at applying the model to the assessment of the present system being used at Chungwadae in comparison with the preceding system. Evaluating an e-Government System The most widely cited model of information systems success today is that of DeLone and McLean[1992, 2003, 2004]. The original model states that the success of an information system can be measured using six dimensions, including system quality, information quality, use, user satisfaction, individual impact, and organizational impact. Although the ultimate success of an information system may be reflected in the impact that the system has upon individuals as well as an organization, aspects of using the system such as system use and user satisfaction can play an important role in determining the system success, because the system would be a sheer failure if users don't like and use the system. As a response to criticisms given by numerous researchers, the authors adapted their model to fit the emerging Web-based environment. The revised model[DeLone and McLean, 2003] they offered included an additional quality dimension, namely service quality, and combined individual and organizational impacts into net benefits which can also influence user satisfaction. The e-government system success model can be built around this updated model. Our model incorporates information quality, system quality, and service quality as in the DeLone and McLean model. However, the 'system use' dimension has been replaced by perceived usefulness, as suggested by Seddon[1998]. In addition, because the e-government systems that this paper focuses on are internal public systems used in government agencies, the 'net benefits' dimension has been replaced by perceived work efficiency. Based on the proposed model, a total of nine hypotheses have been formulated which we tested using an empirical analysis. Methods A questionnaire form has been created with items that are designed to examine the relationships among the variables in the model. The questionnaire has been handed over, in person, to 65 members of Chungwadae staff who are now actively using the E-Support System, the present information system created to support internal work at Chungwadae. We made arrangements to meet with each individual who agreed to participate in our survey, and helped to fill out the survey form with explanations. Of the 65 copies that were delivered, only 33 were returned, and 30 responses of these have been adopted for our analysis, since three were not valid. The extremely small sample size was due to the limited number of staff members who had adequate experience required of this study. Results We gathered data from the questionnaire survey and analyzed them using a regression analysis to test the hypotheses. As shown in the table below, the results indicated that all three dimensions of an information system’s quality are positively related to user satisfaction. However, information quality and system quality were found to be positively related to perceived usefulness, while service quality was not. In addition, perceived usefulness is not positively related to user satisfaction, implying that a user may find a system useful, but may not be satisfied with it. Finally, user satisfaction and perceived usefulness both are positively related to perceived work efficiency. This suggests that workers' positive experience with the system is important to guarantee favorable work efficiency. Conclusions We conclude that the proposed model proved useful in measuring the success of an internal information system used by a government agency. To demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of the model in the paper, we applied the model to the assessment of the present internal system used at Chungwadae in comparison with the preceding system. The results showed that the present system outperforms the preceding one in a statistically significant way. Future research will have to focus on applying the model to Korea's governmental agencies other than Chungwadae and examine whether it proves applicable in different types of governmental organizations.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.53-77
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• 2008

In recent years, although numbers of corporations are bringing in PMO, they seem to be indifferent to PMO performance measurement. This demonstrates that there are also other reasons beside performance measurement of information systems (IS) project being ambiguous by introducing PMO; the lack of acknowledging the concrete function of PMO, and the scarcity of empirical study about the effect of PMO on the project members and project performance. In this sense, this study is aimed at proposing a new research model in which project success factors (i.e., standardization, management advocacy, and staff expertise) affect PMO capability (i.e., knowledge management, resources management, and problem solving competency) positively, leading to project performance (i.e., task outcomes, psychological outcomes, and organizational outcomes) eventually. To empirically test the research model, data are surveyed from PMO department and IS department. To prove the validity of the proposed research model, PLS analysis is applied with valid 132 questionnaires. By employing PLS technique, the measurement reliability and validity of research variables are tested and the path analysis is conducted to do the hypothesis testing. The path analysis results can be organized into 7 ways in large scale. First, standardization of project success factors has a positive association with knowledge management, resources management, and problem solving competency of PMO capabilities. The findings of this result indicate that the multiple or single project management should satisfy standardization in order to operate an effective PMO. Second, management advocacy of project success factors has a positive association with knowledge management, resources management, and problem solving competency. Management advocacy refers to the willingness of management to provide the required resources and authority for project success. There is agreement among researchers regarding the importance of management advocacy for favorable PMO capability. Third, staff expertise of project success factors has a positive association with knowledge management, resources management, and problem solving competency. The findings of this result indicate that the formation of an exceptional consultant or members with a proficient knowledge for staff expertise of project member is the key factor to elevate the PMO capability. Past research suggests that experience and knowledge and the resultant familiarity with the problem faced can be an important determinant of PMO capability. A capable project with appropriate staff expertise means that it enjoys a diversity of abilities and experiences. Fourth, knowledge management competency of PMO capabilities has a positive impact on psychological outcomes but has no direct effect on task outcomes and organizational outcomes. In domestic case of S. Korea, PMO was finally introduced to many other corporations in 2005 though it started bringing in 2000. Therefore, it had neither a significant impact on the task outcomes nor organizational outcomes by lacking the contents and the infrastructure of the knowledge management because the knowledge consolidation and management period of PMO is comparatively shorter by terms than other foreign nations. Fifth, resources management competency of PMO capabilities has a positive association with task outcomes, psychological outcomes, and organizational outcomes. In addition, problem solving competency of PMO capabilities has a positive association with task outcomes, psychological outcomes, and organizational outcomes. Therefore, the findings of this results stress that PMO capabilities has a positive impact on project performance. Sixth, according to the path analysis of the hypothesis, which suggested in this research, problem solving competency is the PMO capability which is the key success factor for task, psychological, and organizational outcomes as an integrated performance model. Further, the analysis reveals that problem solving competency is an important factor for integrated performance model. The finding is in line with past IS research, which affirms that the work of IS projects is essentially a problem solving endeavor. Seventh, in the path analysis of the hypothesis in this research, the path of the management advocacy $\rightarrow$ problem solving competency $\rightarrow$ organizational outcomes appears to be the most important and strongest path. In brief, the finding of this study suggests that project success factors influence PMO capability positively, and project performance as well. From the results, it can be concluded that PMO helped great improve the project success rate and project performance. This study advances research on PMO capability in three important aspects. First, the findings of our study have implications for IS theory and future research. Our study contributes to IS theory by synthesizing concepts from PMO research and project management research with those in IS research. We proposed and tested PMO capability of IS projects and the findings of our investigation provided some preliminary answers to some of the questions raised. Secondly, this thesis does not only help depicting the concept of IT governance but also approaches empirically. It makes a gradual approach to the main content, step by step, in contrary of simple standard, scholastic way of thinking. Finally, we argued that this task-oriented(technical) view is not sufficient to adequately conceptualize IS project performance. Hence, we applied that the research on organization teams, which provides a flip viewpoint to that of project management research in that it gives more weight for psychological outcomes of organizational work groups, can be very helpful in reconceptualizing the IS project performance construct. The limitations of this study are also discussed to provide research directions for future research.

• 생태와환경
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2015

본 연구는 보다 정확한 소나무림의 분포현황을 이용하여 효과적으로 소나무림을 보전관리하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하는 데 목적이 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 기후변화에 의한 남한지역에 서식하고 있는 소나무림의 지리적 분포 변화를 예측하고 연령대별 소나무림의 공간적 분포 특성을 평가하고자 한다. 이를 위해서 종 분포 변화를 예측하는데 유용한 MaxEnt 모델을 현재와 미래 시기의 기후변화 시나리오 자료에 적용하여 소나무림의 잠재적인 분포 변화를 예측하고, 연령대별 분포면적과 변화에 미치는 생물 기후 변수의 영향을 분석하였다. 소나무림의 잠재적 분포지역은 남한지역에서 10~30년생의 소나무림이 상대적으로 많이 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 연령대별 소나무림에게 기후적으로 적합한 지역의 면적이 클수록 감소 지역은 커지고, 새롭게 확장되는 지역은 작아지는 경향으로 나타났다. 이는 서식 적합한 지역의 대부분이 중복되는 지역으로서 유사한 기후환경에서 소나무림의 연령대별 상호작용이 상호 촉진 관계에서 경쟁적인 관계로 변하는 데 기인할 것으로 추측된다. 기온변화보다 강수량이 소나무림의 분포에 더 큰 영향을 주고, 소나무의 지리적인 분포 변화는 평균적인 기후 특성보다 건조한 시기의 강수량 및 최고 한기의 기온과 같이 기후의 극한성에 영향을 더 받는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 최고 건기의 강수량에 의한 소나무림의 분포 변화에 대한 영향은 연령대와 상관없이 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 향후 기온 상승에 따른 수분결핍이 증가하여 결국 생장과 생리반응에 영향을 주는 가뭄과 연관된 기후환경이 조성되어 소나무림의 감소를 초래할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구에서 유도된 결과는 기존에 구축된 다양한 생물 자원 정보를 활용하여 기후변화에 따른 지리적인 변화를 예측하는 데 유용한 방법으로 적용될 수 있고, 자연생태계 분야에서 산림식생보전과 관련된 기후변화 적응정책 수립에 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.238-252
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• 2015

4대강 사업의 일환으로 추진된 보 건설이 영산강의 조류발생 형태와 제반 환경조건에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 장기 (2001~2014년) 자료 (환경부 물환경정보시스템)를 분석하였다. 분석 항목으로 조류 발생의 형태를 파악할 수 있는 엽록소 ${\alpha}$와 환경인자인 부유물질, 암모늄, 질산염, 인산염, 총 질소, 총 인, N : P ratio 등이다. 조사 정점은 최상류에 위치한 담양 (DY)에서 하류의 무안1 (MA1)까지 포함 (총 12개)한다. 분석 항목별로 시간적 분포를 시계열로 분석하였고, 건설 전과 후의 직접적인 비교를 위해 전과 후 3년간 자료 (2006~2008년, 2012~2013년)를 Box-Whisker Plot으로 도시하여 분석하였다. 또한 항목들 간의 상관성 분석 (Pearson's correlation analysis)도 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 수층의 탁도를 결정하는 부유물질은 보 건설 기간 중에 부유물질 농도가 보 건설 전에 비해 거의 모든 정점에서 상당 폭 증가한 반면 건설 이후에는 상류 및 중류에 위치한 정점들을 중심으로 확연하게 감소하였다. 암모늄은 건설 이전에 비해 건설 이후 증가하는 경향을 보인 반면, 나머지 영양염은 감소하였고 이로 인해 N : P ratio가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 엽록소 ${\alpha}$는 건설 중에는 모든 정점에서 감소하였으나, 건설 후에 부유물질 (탁도)이 감소하였던 정점에서 건설 전에 비해 확연히 증가하는 형태를 보여 주었다. 이는 영산강에서 보 건설 이후 인산염과 같은 영양염이 감소했지만, 동시에 탁도가 감소하면서 조류가 대발생 할 수 있는 환경이 조성되었음을 제시하는 결과라 할 수 있다

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

소비자들의 식품안전에 대한 인지도와 행동실태를 평가한 결과를 요약하고 제언하면 다음과 같다. 소비자들의 식품안전 인지도는 정부의 식품안전관리가 미흡하며, 식중독이 비교적 자·주 일어난다고 인식하고 있어, 정부의 식품안전관리에 대한 정확한 인식으로 막연한 불안감이 나타나지 않도록 소비자 대상 교육 및 홍보가 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 식중독 발생장소에 대해 소비자들은 비교적 정확하게 인식하고 있었으며, 식품 안전의 위협요인에 대해 다양한 응답을 보이고 있으므로 소비자들이 위협요인에 대한 정확한 지식을 가질 수 있도록 앞으로 소비자 대상 식품안전 교육의 내용으로 포함시키는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 일반사항에 따른 식품안전 인지도에서는 교육수준, 학력수준 및 월수입이 높을수록 식품안전을 바르게 인지하고 있는 것으로 조사되었으므로, 수준과 관계없이 모든 소비자들에게 식품안전사고의 방지를 위한 체계적인 교육이 필요할 것이라 생각된다. 또한, 식품안전 인지도간 차이 분석에서는 정부의 안전관리 정도가 미흡하다고 인지할수록 국내 식중독 발생율에 대해 민감한 반응을 보였고, 발생장소 또한 정확하게 인지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 소비자들이 식품안전에 대한 관심이 증가하였지만 해마다 식품안전사고의 증가로 정부의 식품안전관리에 대해 불신하고 있음을 보여주는 결과로써, 정부차원의 체계적인 관리 시스템의 시급한 도입이 필요할 것이라 사료된다. 식품안전 행동의 경우 식품취급시의 손 세척, 식품접촉표면의 세척 및 소독에 대한 안전 행동이 미흡하여 식품의 교차오염으로 인한 식품안전사고를 유발할 우려가 많았으며, 식품의 부적절한 보관 온도를 야기할 수 있는 냉장고 내 식품보관 량, 장시간 실온 방치 등의 행동이 자주 일어남을 알 수 있었다 식품안전 행동간 차이분석에서는 대표적으로 유통기한을 잘 확인하는 집단은 비교적 다른 식품안전행동도 잘 수행하고 있었지만, 일부 항목에 대해서는 기본적으로 수행하고 있어야 할 항목임에도 불구하고, 인지와 정보의 부족으로 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으므로 이에 대한 교육내용의 강화가 필요할 것으로 보인다. 식품안전 인지도에 따른 식품안전행동 차이분석 결과 정부의 식품안전관리가 미흡하다고 응답한 집단과 국내 식중독이 자주 발생한다고 응답한 집단은 비교적 식품안전 행동을 잘 수행하고 있는 것으로 나타났으므로 국가의 지속적인 관리로 식품안전사고를 줄이는데 기여해야 할 것이다. 대부분의 소비자들은 가정에서 조리된 음식은 식당음식 보다 더 안전하다고 생각하며, 또한 식품안전 사고가 발생할 때마다 가정식을 가장 믿고 의지하게 될 것이다. 하지만 가정에서의 부적절한 취급에 의한 식중독 발생의 우려는 간과할 수 없는 부분이며, 가정식에 의한 안전사고를 예방하기 위해서는 안전행동의 변화가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 식품안전 행동의 변화는 정확한 지식을 습득하고, 이를 통한 태도의 변화가 수반될 때 일어날 수 있다. 이를 위해서는 미국과 유럽처럼 국가적인 식품안전교육과 소비자에 대한 식품위해요인과 위생의 원리에 대한 체계적이고 지속적인 교육이 이루어져 소비자들이 식품선택, 온도관리, 식품, 식품접촉표면 및 손에 대한 세척 및 소독을 철저히 실천함으로써 식중독 저감화가 실현될 수 있어야 하겠다. 본 연구는 서울 및 경기지역의 일부 소비자들을 대상으로 하였으므로 연구 결과를 일반화하기에는 다소 무리가 있으므로 대상자들을 확대시켜 좀 더 체계적인 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.