• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.182-188
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• 2016

This study evaluated structural alternatives for managing water quality problems by reinterpreting and then applying the robustness-cost index (RCI) for urban flood problems. Cases of endogenous hormone pollution in treated sewage and proliferation of protozoa in intake-water were chosen as representative examples because they have different types of regulation standards for the treatment. Current facilities and structural alternatives with robustness indices (RIs) greater than unity were determined to be robust. The RI was combined with the cost index (CI) to obtain the RCI values. For the endogenous hormone pollution in treated sewage, a human-oriented estrogen $17{\beta}$-estradiol was selected as a target pollutant. The RI and RCI values for a structural alternative, extension of the current sewage treatment facility for advanced treatment, were greater than the values for the current practice of conventional activated sludge process. For the intake-water pollution by protozoa, UV and ozone disinfection facilities were evaluated for inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum. The RCI values for ozone disinfection were greater than those for UV disinfection. Based on the results and the logics involved in the calculation of RCI for water quality issues we studied, we proposed procedures for establishing and implementing structural alternatives for the restoration from and prevention of outbreaks of water quality problems.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.283-290
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• 2020

Porous asphalt pavement is used widely in advanced countries to reduce traffic accidents and noise. On the other hand, it is not applied widely in Korea due to concerns about its durability. This study aims to find a statistical method to improve the durability of porous asphalt pavement. A Cantabro test was selected to test the durability. The Cantabro test was performed on an asphalt mixture made of a binder and aggregate. This test was repeated three times for each of the four groups to obtain the Cantabro loss rate. The average values of each of the four groups satisfied all the reference values. In addition, through an analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was possible to quantitatively classify test groups with differences in durability, thereby finding problems and improving the durability. Furthermore, the Pay Factor method can lead to voluntary improvements in quality, and the Pay factor can be calculated through statistical analysis of limited data. Through the Pay factor, it is possible to induce definite quality improvement of the contractor and continuously improve the durability of the porous asphalt mixture by evaluating the adequacy of the quality standard.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.10B no.4
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• pp.381-388
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• 2003

This paper presents a method of giving weights to garbage class clustering and Filler model to improve performance of keyword spotting system and a time-saving method of dialogue speech processing system for keyword spotting by calculating keyword transition probability through speech analysis of task domain users. The point of the method is grouping phonemes with phonetic similarities, which is effective in sensing similar phoneme groups rather than individual phonemes, and the paper aims to suggest five groups of phonemes obtained from the analysis of speech sentences in use in Korean morphology and in stock-trading speech processing system. Besides, task-subject Filler model weights are added to the phoneme groups, and keyword transition probability included in consecutive speech sentences is calculated and applied to the system in order to save time for system processing. To evaluate performance of the suggested system, corpus of 4,970 sentences was built to be used in task domains and a test was conducted with subjects of five people in their twenties and thirties. As a result, FOM with the weights on proposed five phoneme groups accounts for 85%, which has better performance than seven phoneme groups of Yapanel [1] with 88.5% and a little bit poorer performance than LVCSR with 89.8%. Even in calculation time, FOM reaches 0.70 seconds than 0.72 of seven phoneme groups. Lastly, it is also confirmed in a time-saving test that time is saved by 0.04 to 0.07 seconds when keyword transition probability is applied.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.249-263
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of 'best practire' in mathematics and suggest some solutions to several problems emerging in mathematics classes of secondary schools. The study was carried out by using qualitative research methods such as class observations and in-depth interviews with six teachers. Based on the collected data, we could sort out the major patterns which characterize 'the good mathematics teaching' at schools in Korea. The common characteristics of best practice in mathematics are drawn out from the six cases. The common characteristics include revising the curriculum and text books, realistic mathematics education, using ICT and meta-cognition, introduction with motivation and interest, performance assessment and managing differentiated small group. Results implied that six teachers used a variety of instructional methods and strategies which is related with the common characteristics of good mathematics teaching. Also these teachers not only improved their own classroom practices but also participated in various professional community of mathematics education and shared their practical knowledge. In conclusion assorted efforts from the government and the school principals as well as the teachers are prerequisite for practicing and spreading good mathematics teaching across the classrooms.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1739-1750
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• 2012

This study was to develop the assessment of medical service outcome using administration data through compared with hospital standardized mortality ratios(HSMR) in various hospitals. This study analyzed 63,664 cases of Hospital Discharge Injury Data of 2007 and 2008, provided by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We used data mining technique and compared decision tree and logistic regression for developing risk-adjustment model of in-hospital mortality. Our Analysis shows that gender, length of stay, Elixhauser comorbidity index, hospitalization path, and primary diagnosis are main variables which influence mortality ratio. By comparing hospital standardized mortality ratios(HSMR) with standardized variables, we found concrete differences (55.6-201.6) of hospital standardized mortality ratios(HSMR) among hospitals. This proves that there are quality-gaps of medical service among hospitals. This study outcome should be utilized more to achieve the improvement of the quality of medical service.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.117-127
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• 2016

In this study, analyzed scenarios of the environmental instream flow for water quality improvement in Saemangeum watershed. In order to get an environmental instream flow, Methodology is selected for Retention-Basin, reservoir expansion, new dam construction, Modification of water intake and drainage system, Rearrangement of plan for system which Yongdam and Seomjin river dam have been used water supply. The study composed of diverse scenario of Environmental instream flow increasement and analyzed the effect of improving the water quality by the QUAL2K model and calculation of runoff for saemangeum watershed by SWAT model. The following water quality indicators have been simulated in irrigation and non-irrigation period for BOD and T-P. When scenarios applied to water quality model, Improvement rate in the water quality for Total Maximum Daily loads of Mankyung B unit watershed during irrigation and non-irrigation period is BOD (28.70%), T-P (17.09%) and BOD (28.51%), T-P (28.68%) respectively. Dongjin A unit watershed during irrigation and non-irrigation period is BOD (14.39%), T-P (14.59%) and BOD (15.54%), T-P (19.46%) similary. Simulation results is to quantify the constribution of the improvement in the water quality. In particular, It was demonstrative that improving effect for water quality was evaluated to be great in non-irrigation period.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.56-67
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• 2020

Various studies have been conducted to identify the concept of creativity and enhance it effectively. Many advanced countries in the field of design have already expanded the scope of design education from specialized education to universal education and utilized such design education as a curriculum for promoting the creativity. Although education industry in China has been growing rapidly with the increase in the national income, the current educational contents have been mostly focused on the subjects/contents for an entrance examination, with little consideration of creativity promotion for children. Therefore, as an effort to promote creativity of Chinese children, the current study developed a design education program utilizing Chinese cultural contents and verified its educational effectiveness in terms of creativity promotion. The program was developed in the following process: 1) exploring the program development direction through an in-depth interview with parents; 2) deriving three lesson plans through an ideation session with some experts in art education for children; and 3) selecting a final lesson plan through experts/parents evaluation and developing a final textbook. A total of 10 children were educated with the developed textbook, and their levels of creativity before and after the education were comparatively evaluated using Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). The study results showed that the education program developed in the current study significantly affected the children's creativity, which would contribute to promoting the children's creativity, and also, developing a new creativity education program in the future. Additionally, it is expected that the research methods employed in this study, that is, developing a creativity promotion program using some cultural/local contents, could be usefully/widely applied in various fields of education.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.49
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• pp.67-93
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze protocol & security systems of international conferences such as 2010 Seoul G20 Summit, 2012 Seoul Nuclear Security Summit and to propose Improvement strategies. The results derived from this study are as follows. First, it is necessary to support the establishment of international conference laws. We should select a major agency for 'International Conference Industry Promotion Act', coordinate of the system of international conference laws, resolve potential conflicts, maintain consistent on support organization of international conferences. Second, it is necessary to coordination among different ministries that control security relevant laws. We should solve clashes possibility between a few laws on security system which is closely related to protocol & security of international conference. Third, it is necessary to produce a joint protocol handbook of government for establishing protocol & security system of international conferences. We should try to confirm protocol & security system of international conferences through publishing a joint protocol handbook of government from their own protocol handbook of the executive, the legislature, etc. Forth, it is necessary to build and strengthen expertise of PCOs(professional convention organizers). We should find and assist several PCOs for achieving government policy that develop industrial foundation on international convention and train human resources on international convention expected next generation of promising industries.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.347-356
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• 2020

The main objective of the study is to propose the most efficient SWAT model calibration method using SWAT-CUP with less computing time and high performance. In order to achieve the goal, Case1-3 (250, 500, and 1,000 simulation runs) and Case4 (1,000 simulation runs in the first iteration and then 500 simulation runs for the following iterations) were defined to compare the results. When evaluating the values of the objective function, Case2 and Case3 reached the same value after the fourth iteration, and Case1 reached the closed value of Case2-3 after the eighth iteration. However, the final estimates of the parameters had different ranges in Cases1-3, and only the results of Case3 and Case4 converged similarly. Thus, it can be considered that the parameter calibration results are highly affected by the initial number of simulation runs. On the other hand, SWAT simulation results did not show the significant difference after the first iteration, unlike the parameter ranges. From the analysis results, we can conclude that the most suitable and effective method was to repeat one or two times of iterations with a sufficient number of simulation runs, as in Case4.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.231-251
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• 2014

Recently, Korean government documented the plan to cope with the situation related to rich pensioners of Basic old-age pension. The purpose of this paper is to verify that how many rich pensioners are existing and to evaluate government reform plan's validity and effect. Main results are as follows; firstly, if the definition of rich pensioners is on the top 10%, the proportion of them would form 2.9% of total. And then, an amount of expenditure for them is only 2.6% of total. Secondly, in terms of disposable income, debt, and transfer income from child, the household who would be applied by government's plan is not richer than other household who is in the same living standard. And then, if the government's plan enforced, the effect might be very small. Lastly, the plan of government will discriminate against persons who support their parent. As a result, Basic old-age pension will be worsen. This paper should underline that the government's reform is only the 'hidden' retrenchment strategy in order to introduce a standard of the obligation to support own parent in the state without scientific prediction and serious discussion of negative public opinion. That is why, this is the same as the 'Trojan Horse'.