• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2007

Purpose : Tibial internal torsion is prevalent in East Asian countries such as Korea and Japan, where sitting on the floor is common behavior. Tibial internal torsion or excessive lateral tibial torsion may cause esthetical, functional, or psychological problems and also may induce degenerative arthritis in older age. The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Tibial Counter Rotator (TCR) in patients with tibial internal torsion. Method : One hundred forty nine children (274 limbs) with tibial internal torsion participated in this study. Transmalleolar angle were measured with gravity goniometer. When tibial internal torsion was detected, TCR was applied at least for 3 hours a day during sleep. The patient's progress was followed monthly and transmalleolar angle was reevaluated by the same examiner. Results : Transmalleolar angle was significantly increased in patients with tibial internal torsion during TCR application (P<0.001). Conclusion : TCR can be one of the effective methods for correcting tibial internal torsion in children under 12 years old of age.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.681-689
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of alcoholic drinking on the dietary habits among university students. The data was collected from 355 students (male : 188, female : 167) living in Busan. The questionnaire composed of general information, person with the lunch meal time, skipping meal, meal type place overeating, snacking eating out, food intake pattern. For statistics analysis, SPSSWIN 12.0 was used. The results were summarized as follows. First, the rates of alcohol drinking in male and female students were 94.1% and 93.4% respectively and the rate of under 19 years old's drinking were 94.4%. Second, in the appearance of drinking, the difference in dietary habits wasn't shown to be significant. However in term of dinner, few female students sometimes haven't dinner (p<0.01). And female group showed frequently eating out (p<0.05) and overeating more than male group(p<0.001). Third, the alcohol drinking group and non-alcohol drinking group showed significantly similar consumption frequency of cereal, meat products, fruits vegetable, oil sugars. But the intakes of milk and dairy products in male students were significantly higher than in female students (p<0.001). These results indicated that more attention should be taken to university students, having habits of skipping meal, alcohol drinking and low intake for nutrition knowledge or attitude so as to improve their health.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.63-75
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• 2016

Aquaculture has historically delivered marine products because the country is surrounded by ocean on three sides. Surveys on production have been conducted recently to systematically manage aquaculture facilities. Based on survey results, pricing controls on marine products has been implemented to stabilize local fishery resources and to ensure minimum income for fishermen. Such surveys on aquaculture facilities depend on manual digitization of aerial photographs each year. These surveys that incorporate manual digitization using high-resolution aerial photographs can accurately evaluate aquaculture with the knowledge of experts, who are aware of each aquaculture facility's characteristics and deployment of those facilities. However, using aerial photographs has monetary and time limitations for monitoring aquaculture resources with different life cycles, and also requires a number of experts. Therefore, in this study, we investigated an automatic prototype system for detecting boundary information and monitoring aquaculture facilities based on satellite images. KOMPSAT-3 (13 Scene), a local high-resolution satellite provided the satellite imagery collected between October and April, a time period in which many aquaculture facilities were operating. The ANN classification method was used for automatic detecting such as cage, longline and buoy type. Furthermore, shape files were generated using a digitizing image processing method that incorporates polygon generation techniques. In this study, our newly developed prototype method detected aquaculture facilities at a rate of 93%. The suggested method overcomes the limits of existing monitoring method using aerial photographs, but also assists experts in detecting aquaculture facilities. Aquaculture facility detection systems must be developed in the future through application of image processing techniques and classification of aquaculture facilities. Such systems will assist in related decision-making through aquaculture facility monitoring.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.145-153
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• 2012

This study aims at investigate dietary behaviors, smoking and drinking status of university students depending on their gender and residential patterns, and analyzing relationships with their subjective health status. The subjects of this study was 538 university students in Metropolitan areas from May 10-31, 2010. Data were analyzed with chi-square test, fisher's exact test, t-test and stepwise multiple regression SPSS 12.0. Male students higher frequency on the intake of eggs, meats and carbonated drinks than female students. The group residing at one's own house showed higher frequency on the intake of beans, fruits and milk than the self-boarding group or other groups(p<0.05), while preferring sweet taste the most. Male students were significantly higher than female students in the amount of smoking and drinking(p<0.05). They had positive recognition on their health conditions as they have higher frequency on the intake of potatoes, seaweeds, green tea and milk with less frequency on the intake of eggs, fast foods and drinking amount. Accordingly, it was considered necessary to have continuous education on nutrition and social supports to prevent their dietary behaviors from leaning on convenience or preference.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.529-552
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the matter as to how the meaning of the physical therapeutic landscape by water, which is associated with physical, cultural, spatial, and economical aspects, appears in the space centering on women and is to look into the feminine factors in term of a rest area, consideration, and imagery for women. From a perspective of a rest area for women, the meaning of a physical aspect is remarkable and is materialized in thermal waters and bathing, atmosphere, subsidiary facilities and safe nightlife. According to these phenomena, female visitors are able to feel freedom, power, which can return themselves to the best condition by thermal waters, therapeutic equipments provided in a watering place continuously, safe protection and exchange with strangers with an open mind. And the cultural aspect of the therapeutic landscape by water is discovered in consideration for women. It is the fact that joins the Japanese culture based on consideration towards others to the traditional culture of hot springs by itself. For example, women can feel various pleasure, experience the protection or the support by someone and pursuit not only physical beauty but also mental or spiritual one through welcome bus, service of Okami san and Nakai san, decorations, funny installments and secure of private space. Lastly, the imagery of women can be identified in cultural, spatial, and economical aspects extensively somewhat and is embodied by advertising mediums, signs of hot springs, shrines, objets and products variously. It is made into healthiness, relaxation, comfort, familiarity and image that are realized to love or are connected to a happy marriage life. To sum up the results, the healing or therapeutic elements for women appearing in hot springs are gathered to some abstraction such as freedom, safe, effect beyond the body, pleasure, durability of healing or therapy, beauty and hope; furthermore, if these abstraction are combined each other closely, the effect of healing or therapy, which transforms anxiety into a stable condition, can be exposed externally.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to establish comparison of ventilation efficiency in an enclosed and conventional growing-finishing pig house. The experimental pigs were in winter and summer. The main results of the experiment are as follows : Then the air from planar slot inlet the pig house flow out through the sidewall outlet operated by exhaust fan(Gl). The second structure has an air input through the circular duct inlet are plated side the juncture of the entering wall and the air into the pig house flow out through the chimney and pit outlet are operated by exhaust fan(G2). Through the air into relay fan the pig house flow out through the curtains in sidewall(G3). Similarly, air comes in through the circular duct inlet are placed the air into the pig house flow out through the curtains in sidewall (G4). Air flow rate on the floor level which is the low part of pen and the living area of pigs in the G2 and G4 system during winter was measured at 0.2 to 0.3 m/s at the 0.5 to 0.6 m/s at the maximum ventilation efficiency. As for the results of detrimental gas(ammonia) concentration ratio analysis, while G2 and G4 system sustained of summer 13.3 $\~$ 16.6 ppm, winter 14.0 $\~$ 14.6 ppm level, Gl and G3 system sustained of summer 14.6 $\~$ 20.3 ppm, winter 20.3 $\~$ 25.0 ppm, and the latter one is lower than that of the G1 and G3 system.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.213-217
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• 2007

LPS induces the synthesis of several inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, NO and inflammation in the liver of rats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of Rubus coreanum Miquel (RCM) In lipid metabolism. RCM of 100 mg/kg concentration was intraperitoneally administered into rats at dose of 1.5ml/kg for 20 days. On the day 21, 1.5ml/kg of LPS was injected 4 hours before anesthetization. We examined the lipid-related functions by measuring the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), total lipid (TL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum and malondialdehyde(MDA) in liver tissue. The results showed that LPS treatment increased the values of TG, TC, TL and MDA, decreasing that of HDL-C. But RCM pretreatment decreased the high values of TG, TC, TL and MDA to the low values and increased the low value of HDL-C to the high value. These results suggested that RCM could be used as the potential candidate for the lipid metabolism natural supplement.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 1995

Nitrate concentration and ${\delta}^{15}N$ value in the groundwater in Miyakojima Island, Okinawa, were measured during 1992-1993. Water from the shallow and the deep wells at the ten separate sites were sampled. Mineral contents and natural nitrogen isotope abundance(${\delta}^{15}N$) were analyzed using a liquid chromatography and a mass spectrometry (Finnigan MAT 252). Except for waters which were directly influenced by sea water invasion, most of the groundwater showed small variations among their mineral contents and ${\delta}^{15}N$ values. The average nitrate nitrogen concentrations were $1.4{\sim}11.5mgL^{-1}$ and average ${\delta}^{15}N$ values were +4.3${\sim}$+9.7$%_o$. From the nitrate concentration and ${\delta}^{15}N$ value observed, the types of the groundwater could be categorized into four groups, such as high ${\delta}^{15}N$ and high nitrate, high ${\delta}^{15}N$ and medium nitrate, low ${\delta}^{15}N$ and medium nitrate, and low ${\delta}^{15}N$ and low nitrate, reflecting the main source of nitrate contamination, such as animal and domestic waste, animal waste and soil organic matter, soil organic matter and chemical fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer, respectively. It was discussed that the lowest ${\delta}^{15}N$ value was higher than the ${\delta}^{15}N$ value of the chemical fertilizers used in this island(-3.9${\sim}$-1.4$%_o$), then considerable amounts of nitrogen must be lost by ammonium evaporation or denitrification after fertilization.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.24
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• pp.173-197
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• 2011

Through a story, the audience moves between fiction and reality. A story is an emotional experience that appeals to human feeling. The rational function of a story is to convey knowledge and information, and its emotional function is to touch the audience. Moreover, these aspects of a story are linked to its language, text, and imagery. This paper focuses on the emotional function of a story. In a experiential story, the audience's emotional response is a result of maximum dramatic communication between them and the characters. Through psychological and mental communion with the characters, the audience becomes immersed in the story when they emotionally identify with the characters, and dramatic communication is achieved. However, dramatic communication is mostly achieved instantaneously. The elements of a film need to be realized to sustain dramatic communication such that the audience continues to be immersed in the story. The audience can identify with the characters who are placed in real-life situations by considering the characters' external and internal aspects. External search pertains to the tangible aspects of the character such as its background, life, and conversation. Through the audience's external search, the characters communicate with the audience. Internal search deals with aspects of the characters' personality such as their self-concept, desires, and internal conflicts. Through internal search, the audience understands the inner side of the characters. In this process, a film director should ensure that the acting depicts the inner side of the characters. In other words, the director should perfectly depict the internal and external elements of a human on screen. Appropriate visualization can lead to dramatic communication with the characters and thereby create the audience's emotional response. Considering these techniques, this paper focuses on the scenes of the film "Poetry" in which dramatic communication with the characters creates the audience's emotional response. Accordingly, the audience plays a role in sustaining dramatic communication for the physical screen time of a film.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.653-666
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate factors related to experience rate of low back pain(LBP) in the high school students, a questionnaire survey was carried out for 778 high school students in Andong city Kyungsang Pook province from 28th June to 10th July, 1993. The results were as follows: The experience rate of LBP for 778 high school students who were interviewed was 27.1 %. Unknown(47.4 %) was the highest in the cause of LBP. The experience rate of a academical high school students (57.8 %) was higher than the technical high school students(42.7 %) in association according to LBP and school division(P = 0. 001). The experience rate of 18 years old above students (60.2 %) was higher than 17 years old below school students(39.8 %%) in association between LBP and age(P = 0.031). The experience rate of students who go to bed at the hot floored bed (80.1 %) was higher than students who go to bed at the bed room (11.8 %) in association between LBP and room type(P = 0.012). The statisticaly significant variables related to LBP were school division, age and stress. It was revealed by this survey that independent variables related to LBP experience rate of high school students were important health problem. So the prospective research is need by those variables.