• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.90-95
• /
• 2018

The Korean Peninsula is no longer safe from volcanic disasters. Therefore, the Korean government has been developing a spatial information-based system implementation technology since 2014. VDRS (Volcanic Disaster Response System), which is the result of the technology, was implemented in 2016 as Phase I. Since then, phase II implementation technology has been developed for an advanced system reflecting the user's requirements. To advance the system, redesign architecture is essential. This paper examined the redesign application architecture for an advanced VDRS. First, existing application architecture, which was implemented in phase I, was analyzed. Second, the user's requirements for advanced VDRS were analyzed. The analyzed user's requirements were categorized as a transforming service oriented to a business-oriented architecture, improving accuracy, and expanding the spatial range and target disaster. Third, application architecture was redesigned based on gap analysis between the existing architecture and user's requirements. The results of the proposed redesign architecture are presented as the application system structure and description of the application function based on owner's point of view in the enterprise architecture. The results of this paper can be used to derive the application module design and provide a detailed description of the application module based on the designer's point of view. Further research focused on structuring the HW/SW architecture will be required for system implementation.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.47
• /
• pp.295-333
• /
• 2017

This study is a basic study to prepare policies related to selecting media to be included in textbooks. Researchers looked at previous studies focusing on how media affect children's and adolescent's emotions according to their developmental stages. Researchers also wanted to identify how the media is related to student emotions, health, and educational effectiveness. The researchers then examined a wide range of domestic media review and rating criteria, and argued that it is necessary to institutionalize the rating system of media at national level policy level. Based on the previous discussion, the researchers made seven suggestions. First, it is necessary to specify media selection criteria in the guidelines for issuing textbooks at the national level. Second, guidelines are needed to help review the political neutrality and human rights aspects of the media for inclusion in textbooks. Third, media selection guidelines in textbooks should be detailed with reference to categories and age based criteria of domestic and foreign media rating system. Fourth, the media rating system should be applied flexibly if there is a clear educational purpose. Fifth, institutional support is needed for setting guidelines for media collection of textbooks. Sixth, media experts should participate in the whole process of textbook development. Seventh, educational programs should be implemented to support teachers to use self directed learning by using educational media in classroom instruction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.27-38
• /
• 2002

VTIS(Value-added Traffic Information System), among the sub-systems of ATIS, is an Advanced Traffic System which innovates efficiency and safety. And this system, having marketability and publicness, is very important. Moreover, This system offers definite traffic information according to the demand of specified users. And it is expected to produce additional spread effects because of high participation rate of private sector. However, the VTIS service media are varied and there are varied optimal Prices and payment methods according to each medium. Because of that, there needs the study on these problems or optimal criteria. But because existing studies were devoted to estimate the optimal route, the study toward the optimal price which was considered part of user and service use demand do not exist. Accordingly, we surveyed under imaginary alternative pricing scenarios and forecasted the use demand of VTIS by using Binary Logit model. Also, for the users who answered that they would use VTIS service in survey, we classified their use's behaviors as four categories and estimated the use ratio to each category by using Ordered Probit model. Last, using sensitivity analysis for results form above, we derived the optimal price that is 2800won in monthly. 145won in payment per call. Then, VTIS service use rate is respectively 65%, 75%.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.419-419
• /
• 2011

이상호우, 사막화, 빙하융해, 생태계 먹이사슬 변화, 이상기온 등 기후변화의 행태는 지구 곳곳에서 다양하게 발발되고 있으며 그로인해 발생되는 인적 물적 피해가 심각하다. 1996년 집중호우에 의한 연천댐체 파괴, 2002년 8월의 낙동강 유역 장기홍수, 2002년 태풍 루사 및 2003년 태풍 매미 등 국내에서는 기후변화 중에서도 주로 이상호우로 인해 발생하는 피해가 많았으며 이들은 주기성이나 특성을 갖지 않아 예측이 어려운 관계로 망양보뢰 식의 후처리에 급급한 실정이었다. 최근 기후변화에 따른 지역별 홍수량, 가뭄량 등에 관한 연구가 가속화되고 있으며, 이와 더불어 해당 기후모델 발현 시 기존 구조물에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구도 필수적이다. 나아가 기존 구조물 뿐 아니라 새로 시공되는 구조물의 설계에서 기후변화에 대한 안정성을 위해 추가적으로 포함해야 할 요소가 있는지에 대한 연구도 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 가상 기후모델에 대해 그 모델이 예측하는 홍수량이 실제 발현되었을 경우를 가정하여, 기존 수공구조물의 안정성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 영향인자의 민감도를 분석하고자 한다. 대상 수공구조물은 붕괴 시 영향력이 큰 정도를 기준으로 필댐, 콘크리트차수벽형석괴댐(CFRD), 콘크리트중력식댐, 제방으로 그 범주를 제한 하였으며 대상유역은 한강으로 가정하였다. 구조물의 안정성 검토방법은 각 구조물의 종류에 따라 상이하다. 흙이 주 재료인 제방과 필댐의 경우, 침투(Piping)와 비탈면(Sliding)에 대한 안정성 평가가 이루어지며 CFRD는 댐체와 벽체로 나누어 안정성평가를 하며 댐체 안정성 평가방법은 필댐과 유사하다. 본 연구에서는 하천설계기준(2009)과 댐설계기준(2005)에 따라 각 구조물의 기준안전율을 책정하였으며 점착력, 내부마찰각, 단위중량 등의 물성치는 해당 지역의 토질특성에 따라 여러 문헌을 참고하여 설정하였고 이를 SEEP/W, SLOPE/W 프로그램을 이용하여 구조해석을 실시하였다. 콘크리트중력식댐은 활동, 전도, 지지력에 대해 각각 안정성을 평가하며 MIDAS와 ABAQUS 프로그램을 병행하여 해석하였다. 민감도(Sensitivity)란 안정성에 영향을 미치는 설계인자들의 변화에 따라 안정성이 어떻게 변화하는 지를 말한다. 기후변화에 의한 수공구조물 설계인자 민감도 연구를 통해 기존 설계과정 또는 안정성 검토 시 해당인자의 기여도를 높이거나 새로운 설계인자를 추가하여 미래 상황에 대한 구조물의 위험 정도를 과거대비 상세히 예측할 수 있으며 나아가 적절한 대응 방안 제시에 기여하여 기후변화에 따른 피해를 감소할 수 있을 것이라고 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.76-84
• /
• 2019

This study was conducted for the purpose of examining the Outstanding Universal Value, World Heritage Values, in Suzhou classical gardens and the operational method of the protection management of historic gardens, and the results of the study are as follows; The first, as a world heritage, Suzhou gardens proved OUV by showing the taste and lifestyle of the literati, the unique class of Chinese history, to the natural environment of the East Yangtze Delta region. In addition, it showed the exchange of international culture with unique Chinese garden techniques. Second, a authentic reconstruction of garden have original value because it exist records of the near past. The 20th-century archives described by the contemporary language and describing the heritage through images using such media as photography and drawing played a decisive role in restoring gardens. Third, the protection management of Suzhou gardens, which began in the 1950s, was carried out in detail, including the reconstruction of components such as buildings, the restoration of plant materials and horticulture technique, the creation of a list through the records of trees, the maintenance of props such as plaque, furniture, and the project to improve water quality and restore waterscape. The last, after the World Heritage inscribing, Garden's protection management was proceeded in two directions. One is that through the reorganization of the administrative management system and the enactment of laws related to Suzhou classical Gardens, the listing heritage is strictly protected and managed, and the other is that the historical gardens are used to establish urban masterplan and urban identity in Suzhou. The range of garden properties greatly expanded by distinguishing the principle of conservation from protection to rational use and the grade of protection, such as whole protection, maintenance protection and protection of historical sites.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.73-85
• /
• 2021

This study proposes an efficient management direction for Korean construction accident cases through a deep learning-based text data classification model. A deep learning model was developed, which categorizes five categories of construction accidents: fall, electric shock, flying object, collapse, and narrowness, which are representative accident types of KOSHA. After initial model tests, the classification accuracy of fall disasters was relatively high, while other types were classified as fall disasters. Through these results, it was analyzed that 1) specific accident-causing behavior, 2) similar sentence structure, and 3) complex accidents corresponding to multiple types affect the results. Two accuracy improvement experiments were then conducted: 1) reclassification, 2) elimination. As a result, the classification performance improved with 185.7% when eliminating complex accidents. Through this, the multicollinearity of complex accidents, including the contents of multiple accident types, was resolved. In conclusion, this study suggests the necessity to independently manage complex accidents while preparing a system to describe the situation of future accidents in detail.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.75-91
• /
• 2021

In this study, most of the previous researches on the analysis of apology are limited to comparative study of apology in different countries from the perspective of cross-cultural communication and analysis of apology in daily life. Therefore, by introducing pragmatics on apology strategy and cultural interpretation theories, this study tried to analyze apology and apology strategies in the seventh season of American TV series Desperate Housewives. Specifically speaking, based on Trosborg's classification of apology strategies, this study sorted out, classified and counted apology strategies in the seventh season of Desperate Housewives, and then 200 apology strategies were randomly selected and analyzed in detail. The statistical results showed that 'expression of apology' strategy was used at the highest frequency of 64.0%, followed by 'explanation or account' and 'minimizing the degree of offence'; 'Acknowledgement of responsibility', 'offer of repair' strategy, 'expressing concern for hearer' and 'promise of forbearance' were used relatively less frequently. The results can be interpreted by America's high individualism, low power distance and low-context culture having great influence on the frequency of American apology strategy. This study can increase understanding of apology and culture, reduce offence in communication with Americans, and make cross-cultural communication smooth, and meanwhile it is expected to enrich the research scope of TV drama art by analyzing language in TV drama art.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 2019

Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the main driving forces leading the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The technologies associated with AI have already shown superior abilities that are equal to or better than people in many fields including image and speech recognition. Particularly, many efforts have been actively given to identify the current technology trends and analyze development directions of it, because AI technologies can be utilized in a wide range of fields including medical, financial, manufacturing, service, and education fields. Major platforms that can develop complex AI algorithms for learning, reasoning, and recognition have been open to the public as open source projects. As a result, technologies and services that utilize them have increased rapidly. It has been confirmed as one of the major reasons for the fast development of AI technologies. Additionally, the spread of the technology is greatly in debt to open source software, developed by major global companies, supporting natural language recognition, speech recognition, and image recognition. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the practical trend of AI technology development by analyzing OSS projects associated with AI, which have been developed by the online collaboration of many parties. This study searched and collected a list of major projects related to AI, which were generated from 2000 to July 2018 on Github. This study confirmed the development trends of major technologies in detail by applying text mining technique targeting topic information, which indicates the characteristics of the collected projects and technical fields. The results of the analysis showed that the number of software development projects by year was less than 100 projects per year until 2013. However, it increased to 229 projects in 2014 and 597 projects in 2015. Particularly, the number of open source projects related to AI increased rapidly in 2016 (2,559 OSS projects). It was confirmed that the number of projects initiated in 2017 was 14,213, which is almost four-folds of the number of total projects generated from 2009 to 2016 (3,555 projects). The number of projects initiated from Jan to Jul 2018 was 8,737. The development trend of AI-related technologies was evaluated by dividing the study period into three phases. The appearance frequency of topics indicate the technology trends of AI-related OSS projects. The results showed that the natural language processing technology has continued to be at the top in all years. It implied that OSS had been developed continuously. Until 2015, Python, C ++, and Java, programming languages, were listed as the top ten frequently appeared topics. However, after 2016, programming languages other than Python disappeared from the top ten topics. Instead of them, platforms supporting the development of AI algorithms, such as TensorFlow and Keras, are showing high appearance frequency. Additionally, reinforcement learning algorithms and convolutional neural networks, which have been used in various fields, were frequently appeared topics. The results of topic network analysis showed that the most important topics of degree centrality were similar to those of appearance frequency. The main difference was that visualization and medical imaging topics were found at the top of the list, although they were not in the top of the list from 2009 to 2012. The results indicated that OSS was developed in the medical field in order to utilize the AI technology. Moreover, although the computer vision was in the top 10 of the appearance frequency list from 2013 to 2015, they were not in the top 10 of the degree centrality. The topics at the top of the degree centrality list were similar to those at the top of the appearance frequency list. It was found that the ranks of the composite neural network and reinforcement learning were changed slightly. The trend of technology development was examined using the appearance frequency of topics and degree centrality. The results showed that machine learning revealed the highest frequency and the highest degree centrality in all years. Moreover, it is noteworthy that, although the deep learning topic showed a low frequency and a low degree centrality between 2009 and 2012, their ranks abruptly increased between 2013 and 2015. It was confirmed that in recent years both technologies had high appearance frequency and degree centrality. TensorFlow first appeared during the phase of 2013-2015, and the appearance frequency and degree centrality of it soared between 2016 and 2018 to be at the top of the lists after deep learning, python. Computer vision and reinforcement learning did not show an abrupt increase or decrease, and they had relatively low appearance frequency and degree centrality compared with the above-mentioned topics. Based on these analysis results, it is possible to identify the fields in which AI technologies are actively developed. The results of this study can be used as a baseline dataset for more empirical analysis on future technology trends that can be converged.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.236-256
• /
• 2011

Forest carbon stocks change due to land use change is an important data required by UNFCCC(United Nations framework convention on climate change). Spatially explicit estimation of forest carbon stocks based on IPCC GPG(intergovernmental panel on climate change good practice guidance) tier 3 gives high reliability. But a current estimation which was aggregated from NFI data doesn't have detail forest carbon stocks by polygon or cell. In order to improve an estimation remote sensing and GIS have been used especially in Europe and North America. We divided research trends in main countries into 4 categories such as remote sensing, GIS, geostatistics and environmental modeling considering spatial heterogeneity. The easiest way to apply is combination NFI data with forest type map based on GIS. Considering especially complicated forest structure of Korea, geostatistics is useful to estimate local variation of forest carbon. In addition, fine scale image is good for verification of forest carbon stocks and determination of CDM site. Related domestic researches are still on initial status and forest carbon stocks are mainly estimated using k-nearest neighbor(k-NN). In order to select suitable method for forest in Korea, an applicability of diverse spatial data and algorithm must be considered. Also the comparison between methods is required.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
• /
• no.59
• /
• pp.405-428
• /
• 2015

Painting theorists in Song dynasty often spoke 'Li' when they talked about paintings. But 'Li' of the song dynasty is not limited to the 'ethics'. First, it includes visible 'natural's truth', such as the differences of 'geography' and 'physics' between the depicted objects. Second, it also includes 'common sense' which was based on both the observation and the thinking. The theorists thought if the 'common sense' was improper in the painting, the whole work was invalid. Thirdly, it also includes 'the reasonable sense in special situation', which requires great imagination ability and elaborative faculty. For example, when playing wind instruments and stringed instruments in the same time at the same concert, the painter should accurately draw the different gestures of musicians according to that the wind instrument is 'sound when the finger lift' and the stringed instrument is 'sound after the finger have left' in that moment. Fourthly, it includes 'art reason', theorists call it as 'ShenLi' or 'MiaoLi'. 'ShenLi' or 'MiaoLi' require the creator to join the spiritual concept besides his observation and thinking. For example, 'banana in snow' is neither observed available nor thought of available, but is the result of spiritual concept of creators for seeking everlasting. And at last, it certainly includes 'the principle of ethics'. Painters often highlighted the ethical relations of the feudal nation and the value of individual gentleman through the allegory story of figure painting and even the sudden composition in the landscape painting. 'Geography', 'physical', and 'common sense' are required the meticulous observation and the rational thinking for the painted object. And 'the reasonable sense in special situation', 'the art reason', 'the principle of ethics' are required enhancing painting style in the painting artistic conception and realm of life based on the nuanced observation, making 'technology' into the 'Tao'. This is the six reasonable increasing requirements for the painting work. Therefore, 'seeking the final reason' is the fundamental spirit of painting theory of Song Dynasty.