• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.64-73
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• 1987

효과적인 모래의 다짐 방법으로 진동에 의한 방법이 널리 사용되고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 모래의 진동 다짐시 영향을 주는 인자의 개별적인 효과를 분석하고 가 인자들이 복합되어 진동다짐에 주는 효과를 분석하는 것이다. 이 연구에서는 진동시간 가속도 과도화중 염수비 시료의 다짐전 밀도등을 변화시켜가며 진동테이블 위에서 제작된 시료를 다짐하였고 시험결과는 상대밀도의 변화애 의하여 분석하였다 진동다짐의 효과는 다짐가속도 진동수 및 모래의 정도에 따라 변하며 과도하중이나 진건은 비교적 적은 영향을 주는 인자였다. 가속도가 1g 보다 큰경우 다짐효과는 진동이 시작되는 초기에 발생하였고 그 후는 면밀하게 진동효과가 나타났다. 효과적인 다짐을 위하여는 최적가속도와 최고 과도하중의 선택이 중요하며 최적치보다 큰경우는 다짐의 효과가 감소한다. 건조된 모래와 포화된 모래 모두 같은 최적가속도에서 최대의 다짐효과를 나타냈다. 각 인자 즉 가속도 진동수 단위 중량 영수비, 균등계수, 유효압경, 과도하중, 및 진동시간등의 효과를 복합하여 진동다짐의 효과를 상대밀도의 변화로 나타낼경우$\Delta$DR=38.0∧0.14 의 관계를 얻었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.732-750
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• 2019

Air drying was carried out on 15 Korean red pine logs to provide a prediction model of the moisture content (MC) change in the wood during drying. The final MC was 17.4% after 880 days since the beginning of air drying in the summer for 6 Korean red pine logs with 68.7% initial MC. The final MC was 16.0% after 760 days since the beginning of air drying in the winter for 9 Korean red pine logs with 35.8% initial MC. A regression model with R-squared of 0.925 was obtained as a result of multiple regression analyses with initial MC, top diameter, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed as independent variable and and MC change during air drying as dependent variable. The initial MC and top diameter, which is the characteristic of Korean red pine, have greater effect on the MC decrease during air drying compared to meteorological factors such as the temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. Two-dimensional mass transfer analysis was performed to predict the MC distribution of Korean red pine logs during air drying. Two prediction models with different air drying days and different meteorological factors for the determination of the diffusion coefficient and surface emission coefficient were presented. The error between the different two methods ranged from 0.1 to 0.8% and the difference from the measured value ranged from 2.2 to 3.6%. By measuring the internal MC during air drying of Korean pine logs with various initial MC and diameter, and calculating the moisture transfer coefficient in wood for each meteorological condition, the error of the prediction model can be reduced.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.308-313
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• 2009

This study was conducted to design and fabricate a heat pump that can produce some weather conditions similar to those of the dry season of the rough rice in Korea, and to investigate basic performances of the apparatus. During the drying test, the amount of energy consumption and drying characteristics were measured at four different temperature levels ranging between 20$^{\circ}C$ and 50${^{\circ}C}$. In the psychrometric chart, the freezing capacity and refrigerant circulation ratio of the heat pump were 173 kJ/kg and 49.6 kg/hr, respectively. Therefore, coefficient of performance was 5.5, which was superior to that of refrigerant R-22 (4.0) in standard refrigeration cycle. In addition, the time to reach target drying temperature (30${^{\circ}C}$) and relative humidity (40%) were 6 minutes and 7 minutes, respectively. Temperature differences between the drying temperature and the rice were 1.5${^{\circ}C}$ and 8.5${^{\circ}C}$ at the drying temperatures of 21.9${^{\circ}C}$ and 48.7${^{\circ}C}$, respectively. This result demonstrated that the increased temperature of the rice in the drying section decreased sufficiently in the tempering section. At the drying temperatures of 21.9, 30.7 38.8, and 48.7${^{\circ}C}$, drying rates were 0.29, 0.61, 0.85, and 1.26%/hr, respectively, which were similar to those of commercial dryer. In addition, the amounts of energy consumption were 325, 667, 692, and 776 kJ/kg, respectively. These results showed that this dryer saved up to 86% of energy consumption compared with the commercial dryer, which uses 4,000-5,000 kJ/kg of fossil fuel.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 2016

This study examined effects of Enterobacter ludwigii SJR3 showing a high 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, on growth of tomato plant and its expression of stress-related genes under drought and salt stress. SJR3 strain was inoculated at $10^6cell/g$ soil to 4-week grown tomato plants, and drought and salt stresses were treated. After additional incubation for 1 week, root length, stem length, fresh weight and dry weight of tomato plants treated with SJR3 increased by 37.8, 37.2, 96.8 and 146.6%, respectively compared to those of uninoculated plants in drought stress environment, and they increased by 19.2, 25.4, 19.5, and 105.8%, respectively in salt stress environment. Proline content in tomato leaves increased significantly under stress conditions as one of a protecting substance against stresses, but proline contents in tomato treated with SJR3 decreased by 62.1 and 54.1%, respectively. Relative expression of genes encoding ACC oxidase, ACO1 and ACO4, ethylene response factor genes ERF1 and ERF4, and some other stress-related genes were examined from tomato leaves. Compared to the non-stressed tomato, expressions of all stress-related genes increased significantly in the stressed tomato, but gene expressions in the inoculated tomato were similar to those of no-stressed control tomato. Therefore, E. ludwigii SJR3 may play an important role in mitigating drought and salt stress in plants, and can increase productivity of crops under various abiotic stresses.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.56-60
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• 2002

After many casualties with conventional bulk carriers in recent years, double hull bulk carrier was proposed ta enhance the structural safety of side shell and transverse bulkhead. In this paper, two alternative structural designs of double hull bulk camel were executed based an the Lloyd's rule, and the results were examined in comparison with the existing single hull bulk carrier in the viewpoints of the increase of weight and construction cost. The relative construction concept was used to certify the economical validity of double hull bulk carrier.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.375-380
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• 2002

장 등(2001)에 의해 개발된 보급형 홍삼제조용 건조기를 이용하여 최고급 품질의 천지삼(H&EG)등급 홍삼의 수율을 15%이상으로 향상시킬 수 있는 공정 개발을 위한 실험을 수행한 결과, 1차 건조시 최적의 상대습도 조건은 60-70%인 것으로 나타났고, 초음파 속도 330-360m/s를 가지는 원료수삼이 홍삼으로 제조된 후 천지삼 수율이 높았으며 내공과 내백도 적게 나타났다. 한편 저장기간별로 우수 홍삼의 제조결과를 보면 최고급 품질의 홍삼제조를 위해서는 수확 후 3일 이내에 제조작업을 수행하는 것이 적절할 것으로 판단되었다. 한편 본 연구에서 개발된 최고급품질의 홍삼제조공정의 천지삼 수율측정을 위해 실험을 수행한 결과 천지삼의 평균수율이 18.8%나타났다. 이 결과를 통계분석한 결과에 의하면, 95%의 신뢰를 가지는 수율구간은 14.1%-23.7%로 나타났다. 또한 상기 결과를 비모수 X$^2$검증한 결과 모집단을 대표할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 본 연구과제에 의해 개발된 최고급 품질의 홍삼제조공정기술은 성공적으로 개발된 것으로 판단되었다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.327-336
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• 2016

The Bagan, the central part of Myanmar, is dry zone where the mean annual precipitation is less than 600 mm for the last ten years. Forest in this region has been degraded due to biotic and abiotic disturbances. While there have been various efforts to rehabilitate the degraded area, the information on growth and physiological characteristics of planting species and the impacts of planting trees in the region still lacks. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the growth and physiological water use efficiency characteristics of five species (Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Acacia catechu Willd., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn., Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd. and Albizia lebbek (L.) Willd.) which are utilized as rehabilitation species in the dry zone and to identify the impacts of tree planting on microclimate change in dry zone. The growth and the foliar carbon isotope composition of seedlings and the above mentioned five species planted in 2005 were measured. And from February 2015 to January 2016, microclimatic factors air temperature and relative humidity at 60 cm and 2 m above soil, soil temperature, soil water contents and precipitation were measured at every 30-minute interval from the two weather stations installed in the plantation located in Ngalinpoke Mt. Range. One was established in the center of A. indica plantation, and the other was in the barren land fully exposed to the sunlight. Among the five species, A. indica and A. lebbek which showed higher water use efficiency could be recommended as rehabilitation species in dry zone. Planting trees in the dry area was shown to affect the change of microclimate with shading effects, declining temperature of the land surface and aridity of the air, and to contribute to conserving more water in soil by preventing direct evaporation and containing more water with fine roots of trees.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.716-723
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• 2001

시멘트 모르터의 소성수축에 의한 균열을 방지하기 위해 소성수축 특성에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 우리나라 봄철의 대표적인 기후인 온도 20$\pm$3$^{\circ}C$, 상대습도 55%, 풍속 3.5m/s의 기후조건으로 하였으며, 모르터의 물 시멘트 비, 시멘트 골재 비, 팽창재 사용, 플라이 애쉬 치환, 수분증발을 억제하기 위한 중점제 등을 사용하여 소성수축의 특성을 검토하였다. 연구 결과 소성수축 변형은 응결시간과 밀접한 관계가 있으며 응결시간이 빠를수록 변형은 크게 나타났다. 또한 물시멘트 비에 의해서도 소성수축 변형은 큰 것으로 나타났다. 모르터에서의 골재 비율이 작거나, 플라이 애쉬의 치환율이 클수록 소성수축 변형은 매우 크게 나타났다. 중점제의 사용은 소성수축 변형을 줄이는데 효과가 있었으며, 건조수축 보상용 팽창재의 사용은 소성수축 변형율을 크게 하는데 이는 ettringite 생성에 의한 물 시멘트 비의 감소효과를 가져오기 때문이다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.69-76
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• 2007

The sands which use for soil improvement of soft ground at coastal area contain more or less amount of shells. In this research the effects of shell contents on the liquefaction resistance of the shelly sand were studied. NGI cyclic simple shear tests were performed for the shell-sands with shell contents of 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% under the effective vertical stress of 50kPa, 100kPa and 150kPa for 40% and 55% of relative density, respectively. Cyclic simple shear test results showed that for the low effective vertical stress, the liquefaction resistance increased rapidly with increase of shell contents in both 40% and 55% relative density. On the other hand, for the high effective vertical stress, the liquefaction resistance increased slightly in 40% relative density and was almost same in 55% relative density. Liquefaction resistance decreased with increasing effective vertical stress for both 40% and 55% relative density. In the same effective vertical stress and shell contents, liquefaction resistance increased with the increase of relative density.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.281-295
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• 2010

A new, automated apparatus is proposed for calculating the Soil-Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC), representing a simple and easily applied testing device for continuous measurements of the volumetric water content and suction of unsaturated soils. The use of this apparatus helps to avoid the errors that arise when performing experiments. Consequently, the apparatus provides greater accuracy in calculating the SWCC of unsaturated soils. The apparatus is composed of a pressure panel, flow cell, water reservoir, air bubble trap, balance, sample-preparation accessories, and measurement system, among other components. The air pressure can attain 300 kPa, and a general test can be completed in a short time. The apparatus can simply control the drying process and wetting process. The changes in volumetric water content that occur during the drying and wetting processes are shown directly in the SWRC program, in real time. As a case study, we performed an SWCC test of Joomunjin sand (75% relative density) to measure matric suction and volumetric water content during both the drying and wetting processes. The test revealed hysteresis behavior, whereby the water content on the wetting curve is always lower than that on the drying curve for a specific matric suction, during the wetting and drying processes. Based on the test results, SWCCs were estimated using the Brooks and Corey, van Genuchten, and Fredlund and Xing models. The van Genuchten model performed best for the given soil conditions, as it yielded the highest coefficient of determination.