• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.218-229
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• 2003

A new biotelemetry method that the installation and the treatment of equipment is convenient and the instantaneously detailed location of the fish attached the pinger is able to track comparatively easily was developed. The receiving system in this biotelemetry method was advanced for track the detailed behavior of the fish by the miniature tracking pinger, because it was a burden to fish to add the pinger with the water temperature and the pressure sensor. By combining of the super short base line (SSBL) method to detect the direction of pinger and the pinger synchronizing method to measure the range from receiving transducer to pinger, the three dimensional locations of fish to the receiving transducer is gotten instantaneously. The receiving system is devised to realize the high precision or wide detection range by application of the basic design method for receiving system of biotelemetry developed by the present authors and the hydrophone array configuration. The measurement distance error in the pinger synchronizing method is minimized through the correction of which the deviation of transmission pluse period of pinger is caused by changing water temperature. A prototype system which is able to track the instantaneously detailed location of the fish by the SSBL and pinger synchronizing biotelemetry (SPB) method was produced.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.27-41
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• 2014

This study aims to investigate the history, cultural values prototype through literature analysis, characteristics of construction, location, space structure and landscape characteristics by Arc-GIS on the Munam pavilion(聞巖亭) in Changnyeong. The results were as follows. First, Shin-cho((辛礎, 1549~1618) is the builder of the Munam pavilion and builder's view of nature is to go back to nature. The period of formation of Munam pavilion is between 1608-1618 as referred from document of retire from politics and build a pavilion. Secondly, Munam pavilion is surrounded by mountains and located at the top of steep slope. Pavilion was known as scenic site of the area. But damaged in a past landscape is caused by near the bridge, agricultural facilities, town, the Kye-sung stream of masonry and beams. Thirdly, Munam pavilion is divided into the main space, which is located on the pavilion, space in located on the pavilion east and west and the orient space, which is located on the Youngjeonggak. Of these, original form of Munam pavilion is a simple structure composed of pavilion and Munam rock, thus at the time of the composition seems to be a direct entry is possible, unlike the current entrance. Fourth, Spatial composition of Munam pavilion is divided into vegetation such as Lagerstroemia indica trees in Sa-ri in Changnyeong, ornament such as letters carved on the rocks and pavilion containing structure. The vegetation around the building is classified as precincts and outside of the premises. Planting of precincts was limited. Outside of area consists of front on the pavilion, which is covered with Lagerstroemia Indica forest and Pinus densiflora forest at the back of the pavilion. Ofthese,LargeLagerstroemiaIndicaforestcorrespondstothenaturalheritageasHistoricalrecordsofrarespeciesresourcesthatareassociated withbuilder. Letterscarvedontherocksrepresenttheboundaryof space, which is close to the location of the Munam pavilion and those associated with the builder as ornaments. Letters carved on the rocks front on the pavilion are rare cases that are made sequentially with a constant direction and rules as act of record for families to honor the achievements. Fifth, 'The eight famous spots of Munam' is divided into landscape elements that have nothing to do with bearing 4 places and landscape elements that have to do with bearing 4 places. Unrelated bearings of landscape elements are Lagerstroemia indica trees in Sa-ri in Changnyeong, Pinus densiflora forest at the back of the pavilion, Okcheon valley, Gwanryongsa temple and Daeheungsa temple. Bearing that related element of absolute orientation, which is corresponding to the elements are Daeheungsa temple, Hwawangsan mountain, Kye-sung stream and Yeongchwisan mountain. Relative bearing is Gwanryongsa temple, Yeongchwisan mountain and Kye-sung stream Gongjigi hill. At Lagerstroemia indica trees in Sa-ri in Changnyeong, Pinus densiflora forest at the back of the pavilion, Kye-sung stream and Okcheon valley, elements are exsting. Currently, it is difficult to confirm the rest of the landscape elements. Because, it is a generic element that reliable estimate of the target and locations are impossible for element. Munam pavilion is made for turn to nature by Shin-cho(辛礎). That was remained a record such as Munamzip(聞巖集) and Munamchungueirok(聞巖忠義錄) that is relating to construction of pavilion. Munam pavilion located in a unique form, archival culture through the letters carved on the rocks and Large Lagerstroemia indica forest and through eight famous spots, cultural landscape elements can be assumed that those elements are remained.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.417-428
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• 1993

Branching growth pattern of Mugnolza denuduta is likely to be originated from two growth strategies: environment overcoming strategy and life maintenance strategy, which coexist in a tree. Growth rate of branches was strongly correlated with relative light intensity (P<0.001) and physical contact (P<0.01), however there is no significant correlation between growth rate and direction of branch. When relative light intensity is less than 1%, the growth was restricted by physical contact with the surrounding branches. In contrast, the growth was rarely restricted by physical contact when relative light intensitiy was 10% or more. The branching rate was significantly affected by the presence or absence of physical contact (P<0.05), but it was not significantly affected by relative light intensity nor by the direction of branch. In the beginning stage of the growth, the ratio of the material allocation from main branch to subbranch was large and varied with the influence of surrounding environment. These various growth rates, which implicate a variety of material allocation ratios (0.16~0.98), affect branch growth pattern through the optimum growth strategies. The growth and arrangement of branches of Magnolia denudata display the solar collectors to maximize the total amount of energy absorbed and to overcome the restriction of the environment.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1299-1308
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose the calibration method of monopulse slope to minimize the variation of angle estimate in frequency agile noncoherent monopulse system. We analyze the monopulse slope characteristics of antenna and RF receiver including the phase and gain imbalances of each receiving channel and present the calibration method to minimize the phase and gain imbalances of RF receiver channels including antenna. In addition, we present the calibration method using channel switching to minimize the gain imbalance of IF receiver channels. The measured average monopulse slope within the frequency bandwidth is -0.96, the maximum variation of angle estimate is similar to theoretical value, $0.15^{\circ}$ at ${\pm}2^{\circ}$ azimuth and $0.03^{\circ}$ at $0^{\circ}$ azimuth.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.270-277
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• 1997

Plastic anisotropy is one of important factors which determine the drawability of a steel sheet. It has been mainly measured by mechanical tensile test. From the ultrasonic velocities propagating along the relative directions to the rolling direction, CODF(crystallite orientation distribution function) can be measured and ODC's(orientation distribution coefficients) has some correlations with the plastic anisotropy. In this study the correlations between the plastic anisotropy and ODC's of the cold rolled steel sheet were measured. From the results of ultrasonic velocity measurements the average normal anisotropy, $\bar{\gamma}$ and the average planar anisotropy, ${\Delta}r$ could be predicted within the accuracy of ${\pm}0.082$ and ${\pm}0.096$, respectively. Acoustic resonance method was applied to measure the ultrasonic velocities and EMAT's were used for generating and detecting the ultrasonic waves.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.68-78
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• 1991

To investigate edge vegetation structure and species in the Chrisan National Park, filed survey was excuted from August to October, 1991 and the results were as follows. Importance values of species in lower layer were changed according to the distance from edge to forest interior at the northeastern slope of a highland. Change of vegetation structure was observed from edge up to 30m of forest interior and edge depth was estimated as 15~20m. The dominance and frequency of edge species seemed to be affected by the factors of altitude, aspect and topographic location. Especially, edge vegetation showed severe difference according to topographic location between a ridge and a foot of a mountain, and according to aspect between southern and northern slope above midslope region of a mountain. Comparing vegetation structure of lower layer for southern and northern slope, more no. of individuals and crown coverage were observed at northern slope, while more no. of species, species diversity and coverage of Sasa purpurascen at southern slope.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.462-469
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• 2023

In this study, we propose a method for evaluating the risk of collision between ships to support determination on the risk of collision in a situation in which ships encounter each other and to prevent collision accidents. Because several uncertainties are involved in the navigation of a ship, must be considered when evaluating the risk of collision. We apply the Dempster-Shafer theory to manage this uncertainty and evaluate the collision risk of each target vessel in real time. The distance at the closest point approach (DCPA), time to the closest point approach (TCPA), distance from another vessel, relative bearing, and velocity ratio are used as evaluation factors for ship collision risk. The basic probability assignments (BPAs) calculated by membership functions for each evaluation factor are fused through the combination rule of the Dempster-Shafer theory. As a result of the experiment using automatic identification system (AIS) data collected in situations where ships actually encounter each other, the suitability of evaluation was verified. By evaluating the risk of collision in real time in encounter situations between ships, collision accidents caused by human errora can be prevented. This is expected to be used for vessel traffic service systems and collision avoidance systems for autonomous ships.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2018

In this study, eleven major coastal areas were selected and the climate environment and the greenhouse direction were analyzed. This research investigates the greenhouse heat loss according to the wind environment at target areas. The target areas were selected based on heated greenhouse cultivation area and wind environment standard. Temperature, wind speed, and wind direction among weather data for 30 years were collected and analyzed. The data were divided into the minimum, average, and maximum temperatures and the Meteorological Agency criteria applied to the weather and wind direction criteria. Data were collected in the range of $0{\sim}180^{\circ}$ considering the symmetry of the shape of the greenhouse. In addition, the wind direction is different for each region and the applied wind direction can be different when referring to the longitudinal direction of the greenhouse and the data are collected in the range of $0{\sim}90^{\circ}$. The results of this study are expected to be used to calculate the heating load of greenhouse installed in places wind speed high.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-36
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• 1988

To investigate edge vegetation structure and edge species in Chiak Mountain National Park, field survey was executed from July to September, 1988. Canonpy drip-line type, cantilevered type and advancing type of edge vegetation were observed on site. The relative importance values of major species in each crown layer were changed along distance from edge to forest interior differently by aspect and present tree layer vegetation. Especially light-oriented edge species as codominant species were observed in Pinus densiflora forest interior at south slope and moisture - oriented species as codominant species were observed with light-oriented species in north edge beside torrential stream. No. of species and individuals by crown layer, species diversities and dissimilarities were decreased according to the distance from edge to forest interior, and edge depth was estimated as 15-20m. Dominant species of edge in shrub and ground layer were different by altitude and topographic locations; valley, ridge, summit and edge species at summit were not observed at other area. Floristic similarities between edge vegetations at different environments were affected by altitude, aspect and topographic location. Frequency classes of edge species were different by aspect, altitude and topographic location. Weigela subscssilis showed high frequency class in all environment conditions and Quercus mongolica, Lindera obtusiloba, Symplocos chinensis for, pilosa, weigela subscssilis, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Actinidia arguta, Rubus crategifolius. Pinus densiflora, Aralia elata etc, were observed as edge species at all environmental conditions, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.214-226
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• 2023

A transfer alignment is used to initialize, align, and calibrate a SINS(Slave INS) using a MINS(Master INS) in motion. This paper presents an airborne transfer alignment with velocity and azimuth matching to estimate inertial sensor biases under the wing flexure influence. This study also considers the lever arm, time delay and relative orientation between MINS and SINS. The traditional transfer alignment only uses velocity matching. In contrast, this paper utilizes the azimuth matching to prevent divergence of the azimuth when the aircraft is stationary or quasi-stationary since the azimuth is less affected by the wing flexibility. The performance of the proposed Kalman filter is analyzed using two factors; one is the estimation performance of gyroscope and accelerometer bias and the other is comparing aircraft dynamics and attitude covariance. The performance of the proposed filter is verified using a long term flight test. The test results show that the proposed scheme can be effectively applied to various platforms that require airborne transfer alignment.