• Title/Summary/Keyword: 상관길이

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The Study on Intraoral Pressure, Closure Duration, and VOT During Phonation of Korean Bilabial Stop Consonants (한국어 양순 파열음 발음시 구강내압과 폐쇄기, VOT에 대한 연구)

  • 표화영;최홍식
    • Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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    • 1996.11a
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    • pp.89-89
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    • 1996
  • 정상인 20명을 대상으로 하여, 우리말의 양순 파열음인 /ㅂ, ㅃ, ㅍ/의 발음시, 각각의 음소에서의 구강내압의 크기와 폐쇄기 및 VOT의 길이를 측정하고, 목표 자음이 어두에 나올 때 및 음절 초에 나올 때, 그리고 어음을 보통 소리로 말했을 때와 큰 소리로 말했을 때, 그 세 측정치가 어떻게 변화하는지를 파악하기 위한 실험을 실시하였다 채취된 어음의 구강내압은 발음시 Pressure sensor를 사용함으로써 산출된 파형을 이용하여 측정하였고, 폐쇄기와 VOT는 컴퓨터에 입력된 음성신호를 Spectrogram으로 분석하여 측정하였다. 그 결과, 양순 파열음 중 구강내압은 /ㅍ/>/ㅃ/>/ㅂ/의 순이었고, 폐쇄기의 길이는 /ㅃ/>/ㅍ/>/ㅂ/, 그리고, VOT의 길이는 /ㅍ/>/ㅂ/>/ㅃ/의 순이었다. 양순 파열음이 어두에 올 패보다 음절 초에 올 때 더 큰 구강내압을 보였으며, 폐쇄기의 길이는 더 짧아지는 경향을 보였고, VOT의 길이도 폐쇄기와 마찬가지로 짧아지는 경향을 보였다 그리고, 양순 파열음을 큰 소리로 발음했을 때, 목표 자음의 위치에 상관없이, 구강내압의 크기는 의미 있게 커졌으며, 폐쇄기와 VOT는 짧아지는 경향을 보였다.

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Volumetric Estimation of the Prostate Gland using Computed Tomography in Normal Beagle Dogs (정상 비글견에서 컴퓨터단층촬영술을 이용한 전립선의 부피 평가)

  • Choi, Ji-Young;Choi, Soo-Young;Lee, Ki-Ja;Jeong, Woo-Chang;Han, Woo-Sok;Choi, Ho-Jung;Lee, Young-Won
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.175-179
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study was to determine and compare prostate size using ultrasound and computed tomography (CT). The prostate gland was evaluated in eight normal Beagle dogs. Length, depth, and width of the prostate gland were measured by ultrasound and volume of the prostate was obtained from the two ellipsoid formula (US1, US2). Height, length, width, area, and volume of the prostate gland were measured by CT. Ratios of prostatic height, length, and width to the sixth lumbar vertebral body length were calculated. There was no significant difference between the US1 and US2 method, and between US2 and CT method, respectively. The prostatic volume calculated by US1 method was significantly lower than those with CT (p=0.029). The Upper limits of ratios of prostate length, height, and width to the length of the sixth lumbar vertebra were 1.3, 1.1, and 1.7, respectively. Among these prostate dimensions, prostate length and height could be a useful index in estimating prostate size regardless of body weight.

Studies on Morphological Variation Among Provenances of a Rare Rhododendron micranthum in Korea (희귀 식물 꼬리진달래의 형태적 변이)

  • Kim, Nam Young;Kim, Heung Sik;Kim, Sol Young;Park, Wan Geun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.95 no.1
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    • pp.55-59
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    • 2006
  • The objectives of this study, an analysis of the morphological characteristics among six provenances of a rare Rhododendron micranthum could be used for the conservation of gene resources and could provide information on superior trees selection. The following results were obtained. Approximately Mt.worak region showed larger values at petal character. On the other hand, Bonghwa region showed smaller values at petal character. Yeonha-ri region showed larger values at leaf character. On the other hand, Bonghwa region showed smaller values at leaf character. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) for morphological characteristics showed that the first for principal components(PC's) explained 41.6% of the total variation. From th third PC explained 81.5% of the total variation. The first PC was correlated with those characteristics that were mainly related to the Petal length (PL), Leaf length (LL) width (LW), Stigma length (SL). The second PC was correlated with the Petiole length (PTW), Anther length (AL). The third PC was correlated with the Flower pedicel length (FPL), Filament length (FL). Therefore, these characteristics was important to analysis of the variation for morphological characteristics among provenances of Rhododendron micranthum. Cluster analysis using single linkage method based on morphological characteristics showed that six provenances of Rhododendron micranthum could be clustered into three groups. Group I is Jicdong-ri, Group II is Mt.worak and Yeonha-ri, and Group III is Taeback, Bonghwa, and Samcheok. These results corresponded well with that of principal component analysis.

Courtship, Fighting Behaviors and Sexual Dimorphism of the Salamander, Hynobius leechii (한국산 도롱뇽의 구애 행동, 싸움행동 및 신체적 특징)

  • 박시룡;박대식;양서영
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.39 no.4
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    • pp.437-446
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    • 1996
  • The courtship and fighting behaviors and the sexual dimorphism of the salamander Hynohius leechil were studied. The parameters, snout vent length, body length (from snout to tail tip), and proportion of snout vent length to body size were larger in the female than the male. Five physical parameter in males were significantly correlated with one another, body length, snout vent length, head width, tail vent length, and tall depth, while all, except tail depth, were significantly correlated in females. Sexual behavior of H. leechIl involved external fertilization and consisted of three stages, identifying the female, aifrading the female, and insemination. The identification stage consisted of a positive advance by the male toward the female and display of snout contact. The male attracted the female with chin rubbing, tail undulation, smelling, and digging displays. The insemination process consisted of four phases, amplex, separating egg sacs from the female's cloacal, fertilizing eggs, and post fertilization. liighting behaviors were quite simple. The attacking male would generally bite the opposite male's upper chin or hind limbs and then shakes his head two or three times. The bitten male, which in most cases was of a dissimilar body size, quicidy escaped from the attacking male. After fighting, winning male usually displayed rapid tail undulation.

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Characteristics of 2nd to 4th Digit Ratio according to Type of Handedness in University Students (대학생의 손잡이 유형에 따른 손가락 길이비(2D:4D)의 특성)

  • Kim, Sooil;Cho, Keun-Ja
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.1245-1251
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    • 2013
  • The aim of this study is to identify characteristics of 2D:4D according to type of handedness. Data was collected from October, 4th, 2010 to April, 30th, 2012. After handedness assessment, 2nd and 4th finger length were measured by vernier calipers. This study showed remarkable gender difference of 2D:4D in left hand for left handers and right hand for right handers, However, there was no significant difference according to type of handedness in each gender. The correlation between left and right 2D:4D in males right handedness was higher than that of male left handedness, otherwise, in case of female, that of left handedness was higher than that of right handedness. The results of this study suggest that the 2D:4D of left handedness does not differ from that of right handedness, however, gender difference and correlation between left and right 2D:4D show different characteristics according to handedness.

A Study of Relative Feeder-Cable Length and Vehicle Detection Length of Loop Detector (루프검지기의 휘더선길이와 차량검지길이의 관계 연구)

  • Oh, Young-Tae;Kim, Nam-Sun;Kim, Soo-Hee;Song, Ki-Hyuk
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.22 no.3 s.74
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    • pp.85-94
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    • 2004
  • Loop detection systems have been used in real-time signal control system to collect traffic information for estimating queue lengths. The queue length algorithm uses speed as a key variable estimated from occupancy time and average vehicle length. The measurement of average vehicle length is affected from the lengths of feeder cable, but their effects have not yet been evaluated. In this study, the variability of average vehicle length due to the lengths of feeder cable is assessed through a field study, and a practical guidelines is proposed. By applying this result, the operational performance of real-time signal control system could be improved.

Effects of Initial Shoot, Root Length, and Acclimating Substrates on Survival Rate of Plantlets Regenerated from Somatic Embryos of Larix kaempferi (일본잎갈나무 체세포배 유래 식물체의 초기 신초와 뿌리 길이, 순화용 기질이 생존율에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Na Nyum;Yun, A Young;Kim, Ji Ah;Kim, Tae Dong;Kim, Yong Wook;Han, Sim Hee
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.109 no.4
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    • pp.413-420
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    • 2020
  • We analyzed the growth characteristics of each cell line and acclimating substrate of Larix kaempferi plantlets regenerated from somatic embryos, with the goal of increasing the survival rate during the acclimation phase. Somatic embryos from three embryogenic cell lines (L14-66, L16-18, and L17-B4) were used, and the acclimating substrates were commercial soils for Larix species (Larix-Soil) and horticultural corps (Hort-Soil), Elle-pot, and Peat-plug. The average initial shoot and root length was shortest in L14-66 and longest in L17-B4. The average survival rate by cell line was highest (87.0%) in L17-B4 and lowest (64.3%) for L14-66. Survival rates by substrate were highest in Elle-pot (88.5%) and Peat-plug (88.9%). The initial shoot length of the L14-66 plantlets was highly correlated with survival rates in the Larix-Soil (r = 0.852), Hort-Soil (r = 0.692), and Elle-pot (r = 0.867) substrates, but not in Peat-plug with high total nitrogen content. The initial shoot length of the L17-B4 plantlets was not correlated with the survival rate in any of the substrates. The initial root length of the L14-66 plantlets was highly related to survival rates in the Larix-Soil (r = 0.986), Elle-pot (r = 0.846), and Peat-plug (r = 0.802) substrates, and the survival rate of the plantlets was higher as the initial root length was longer. The initial root length of the L17-B4 plantlets was related to survival rate only in the Larix-Soil (r = 0.896) and Elle-pot (r = 0.696) substrates. In conclusion, to increase the survival rate of plantlets, root length should be considered over shoot length, and it is recommended to use substrates with high nitrogen content, such as Peat-plug, or to add fertilizer, during the acclimating process. In addition, in order to increase the survival rate, lines with high initial growth should be developed.

UWB Signal Acquisition Based on Differential Sign Correlation (차등 부호 상관에 기반을 둔 UWB 신호 획득)

  • 정경화;김선용
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2003.07a
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    • pp.174-177
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    • 2003
  • 본 논문에서는 주파수 자원 고갈에 대한 문제를 해결할 수 있는 실내 UWB (Ultra Wide Band) 무선 채널에 대해 소개하고, UWB 무선 채널에서의 신호를 획득하는 방법에 대해 제안한다. IEEE 802.15.TG3a 표준화 위원회에서 제시하는 채널 모델에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 차등 부호 상관을 적용한 신호 획득에 대해 설명하며 이를 UWB 무선 채널에 적용하여 모의 실험을 통해 성능을 분석한다. 신호 획득의 성능 평가 기준으로 신호대 잡음비에 따른 검파 확률을 (Detection Probability) 보여주며, 한 채널 모델에 대해 m-수열의 길이에 따른 성능과 수열의 종류에 따른 성능, 그리고 부호 상관을 적용하는 방법에 따른 성능을 분석한다.

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Assessing Correlation between Two Variables in Repeated Measurements using Mixed Effect Models (혼합모형을 이용한 반복 측정된 변수들 간의 상관분석)

  • Han, Kyunghwa;Jung, Inkyung
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.201-210
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    • 2015
  • Repeated measurements on each variables of interest often arise in bioscience or medical research. We need to account for correlations among repeated measurements to assess the correlation between two variables in the presence of replication. This paper reviews methods to estimate a correlation coefficient between two variables in repeated measurements using the variance-covariance matrix of linear mixed effect models. We analyze acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) data to assess correlation between three shear wave velocity (SWV) measurements in liver or spleen and spleen length by ultrasonography. We present how to obtain parameter estimates for the variance-covariance matrix and correlations in mixed effects models using PROC MIXED in SAS.

Screening of Resistant Lines and Yield Losses to F1 Corn from Feeding by the Aphid and Mite (진딧물과 응애 가해에 의한 옥수수 F1의 수량감소율 과 저항성계통 선발)

  • Lee, Joon-Soo;Kim, Soon-Kwon
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.42 no.5
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    • pp.555-564
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    • 2010
  • Aphid and mite are the major insects that harm corn. These insects are difficult to control because they are very sensitive to environmental conditions. The purpose of this experiment was to information the loss in quantity of corn and to select inbred lines with resistance after exposing corn to aphid and mite. When exposed to aphid, the average loss in grain yield, ear length, ear diameter, 100 kernel weight, kernel length, kernel width, and kernel thickness were 18.4, 10.9, 1.7, 5.4, 2.3, 1.5 and -0.2%, respectively. When exposed to mite, the average loss in grain yield, ear length, ear diameter, 100 kernel weight, kernel length, kernel width, and kernel thickness were 49.7, 16.5, 20.7, 18.9, 9.5, and -3.4, respectively. Mite had more significant impact on the loss than aphid. Among these factors, grain yield and ear dimater were most significantly correlated on the loss to aphid ($r=0.83^{**}$), while kernel length and thickness were most significantly correlated on the loss to mite ($r=0.83^{**}$). However, ear length was not related to loss to the two insects. The inbred lines that were often used for $F_1$ hybrid which was lower than the average loss by aphid, were KS7, B68, 61B3, 70A1, and KS5, while the inbred lines that were often used for $F_1$ hybrid which was lower than the average decrease by mite, were KS7, B68, 61B3, 66B2-4, 70A1, 72B2, and KS5. These inbred lines could be used to breed inbred lines, hybrid, and open pollination variety that confer resistant to aphid and mite.