• Bangmulgwan gwa yeongu (The National Museum of Korea Journal)
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• v.1
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• pp.198-233
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• 2024

On April 28, 2021, the bereaved family of the late Samsung Group chairman Lee Kun-Hee made a gift of 9,797 items (in 21,693 pieces) from his estate to the National Museum of Korea. Among the donated cultural heritage are 535 mirrors (in 555 pieces), which constitute the largest proportion of the metal art in the donation. This article discusses a group of mirrors from the donated collection dating to the Western Han and Samhan periods - a total of twenty-three mirrors (twenty-two from the Western Han Dynasty and one from the Samhan Period) - that are presumed to have been found together. However, there is no known case of such a large number of Western Han mirrors being discovered together, raising doubts about whether this group should be considered to have been buried all together. Furthermore, the presence of a Samhan mirror among the group suggests that this one at least must have been found together with a Western Han mirror. Additionally, considering that early Samhan mirrors have been found in the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula, particularly in the region occupied by Jinhan Confederacy (in present-day Gyeongsangbuk-do Province), it is likely that these mirrors were also excavated somewhere in Jinhan. Also, -18 is a repurposed imitation of a jade eye cover. No similar examples have been found in Korea, China, or Japan, but there are instances of bronze mirrors being used as substitutes for jade burial ornaments that have been identified in China. The repurposing and use of Western Han mirrors as circular ornaments have been observed only in Jinhan in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, indicating that this item was likely used in Jinhan as well. Further research and discoveries are anticipated in the future.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.44
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• pp.27-50
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• 1994

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2015

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the productivity and silage quality of domestically developed forage crops in Korea. A variety of rye ("Gogu"), oat ("Samhan"), three Italian ryegrass ("Kogreen", "Kospeed" and "Kowinearly") and two barley ("Yuyeon" and "Youngyang") were evaluated at an experimental field of Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA in Korea. Gogu showed the highest dry matter yield among the forage crop but the lowest was Samhan. Crude protein (CP) was higher in the oat and Italian ryegrass varieties. The total digestible nutrient (TDN) content levels were similar with the except for the rye. The acidity (pH) of the oat silage was the lowest among forage crop species. Higher lactic acid content levels were found in the Kogreen and Samhan compared to the other varieties (p<0.05). According to Flieg's score, all of the silages were assigned a $1^{st}$ quality grade with the exception of the Gogu. These results suggest that domestically developed forage crop varieties show high performance in terms of productivity and silage quality, and are therefore recommendable forage crop varieties for Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.205-216
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• 2010

Few spring sowing have been conducted on winter cereal crops for whole-crop silage use. Experiments were conducted during 2007 and 2008 at the Chungnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services. The objectives of this study were compared the spring sowing with the optimum season's sowing on growth, yield and feed quality in five winter cereal crops. The treatments consisted of 5 winter cereal crops, Youngyang (Barley, Spring habit I), Keumkang (Wheat, Spring habit II), Gogu(Rye, Spring habit estimated III), Shinyoung (Triticale, Spring habit estimated III), Samhan(Oat, Spring habit estimated II), and 3 planting dates, 18 October (optimum season's sowing), 23 February and 10 March in spring. Heading days as affected by spring sowing compared to optimum season sowing were delayed by 16~20 days in barley, wheat, rye and triticale, and 9 days in oat. The clipping dates at the optimal harvesting stage of each crop for round-baled silage in spring sowing was 8 June (yellow ripe stage) in barley, 25 May (10 days after heading) in rye, and 17 June in wheat (yellow ripe stage), triticale (milky stage) and oat (milky stage). The accumulative temperature from emergence to heading was significantly decreased as affected by spring sowing compared to optimum season's sowing, but that of sowing to emergence and that of heading to maturing was similar. The rate of spikes per tillering surveyed at each clipping date was 62.0-73.1 percent in barley, wheat, triticale and oat, and 56.0 percent in rye compared to that of optimum season sowing. The dry matter yield in spring sowing compared to 18 October was obtained about 71.7 percent in barley, 60.6 percent in wheat, 46.2 percent in rye, 70.2 percent in triticale and 110.9 percent in oat. It were increased in acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein content, but decreased in digestible dry matter content(DDM) and relative feed value (RFV). The yield of DDM by spring sowing was decreased in barley, wheat, rye and triticale, but increased in oat. The yield of dry matter and DDM were higher in oat and triticale than that of barley, wheat and oat. So, regardless to clipping dates and cropping system, the appropriated crop for spring sowing was oat, and subsequently triticale and barley. It was not adopted for spring sowing in rye because of low rate of no. of spikes per tillers and yield. It was necessary eliminated winter growing nature by earlier sowing at the late of February after overwinter.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.31
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• pp.3-58
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• 1998

• The Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.11 s.390
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• pp.61-63
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• 2001

[전통음식 전통술] 전통곡주 삼한시대 정착 현재 3백60여종 제조방법ㆍ원료따라 맛ㆍ향기ㆍ기능 다양

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.164-183
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• 2021

This article examines how the production technology of the Chinese bronze mirror affected the Korean Peninsula and Japan. To that end, we looked at how the drawing of linked-arc designs in bronze mirrors was done. The drawing technique is classified into three methods: Type 1 and type 2 were confirmed to have been used in China, but type 3 was used not in China, but on the Korean Peninsula and in Japan. Type 1 and type 2 are basically the same, with an identical restored diameter of the linked-arc design, and type 2 is found elsewhere in the bronze mirror, and type 1 are not. Type 3 features different diameters, and the linked-arc design does not form a complete circle. This shows that the manufacturer of the bronze mirror did not use several bumpy compasses, but rather a single one with a fixed center and protrusion, rather than one that can be easily adjusted, as it is today. That is why, of course, a pair of compasses must have been used several times. In this regard, those who produced bronze mirrors on the Korean Peninsula in the early days understood not only the Chinese techniques of the linked-arc design, but also the meaning contained within them. On the other hand, the makers of bronze mirrors in Japan did not understand the patterns and simply imitated them. From the late Yayoi period, Japan understood and produced works with the principle of drawing the linked-arc design. As a representative example, bronze mirrors excavated from the tomb of Hirabaru can be referenced. Perhaps it can be assumed that, behind these works, there was a direct transfer of technology, such as the migration of the makers of bronze mirror makers like the Do family (陶氏), whose names were found written on bronze mirrors excavated from the Hirabaru tomb.

• 가정의 벗
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• v.37 no.4 s.428
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• pp.26-27
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• 2004

전라북도는 삼한시대 마한국의 중심지였으며 중심도시인 전주는 후백제의 도읍이자 조선조의 발원지로서 찬란한 역사와 문화를 꽃피웠던 고장이다. 1962년 11월, 이곳에 대한가족보건복지협회 전라북도지회가 설립되어 41여 년간 전북도민을 위한 가족보건복지 증진에 진력해 왔다. 향후 더욱 새로운 모습과 사업으로 수요자 중심 서비스를 제공하도록 노력할 것이다. 가족보건의원에서는 5명의 전문의가 일반외과, 가정의학과, 산부인과, 내과, 진단방사선과, 병리과 진료를

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.158-161
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• 1998

우리나라에서 천연염료에 의한 염색은 일찍이 삼한시대부터 시작되었을 정도로 역사가 깊으며, 전 세계적으로 오랜 전부터 사용되었지만, 1856년 영국의 화학자 Perkin에 의해 합성염료가 개발된 이후 합성염료의 경제성, 염료보관의 용이성 등에 의해 점차 쇠퇴되어져 왔다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.113-128
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• 2001

The objective of this study is to research the costume of Three Han to be recorded in -$\ulcorner$Samkukgy$\urcorner$ Tongyjeon. They were written tattoos, broad head, physique, hair style, dress. accessories-lnsu, beads, head dress, shoes and cloths in Tongy-jeon. The results of this study are as fellows: Tattoos were common in Three Han. Those may be carved by chinese ink on body except a face. Broad head was Byonhan and Jinhan s customs. The physique of Mahan and Byonhan s men was tall and big. The hair style was just topknot not to put on a hat in Mahan, long hair In Byonhan and short hair for slaves in Jinhan. And then tattoos, flat head and skull, long hair style were the southern style. The dresses were two piece style-po and trousers. The shoes were made of leather. Those were the northern style. Eui-Chek, In-Su were royal gift of china. And they put valuable on beads, not gold, silver and golden embroidery cloths. This was different from other countries, And so we can find the variety of cultures at that time. The varieties came from the southern, northern, china and unique style.