• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 1998

Twelve Camellia sinensis populations were studied to investigate the biomass distribution related to stand structure. With increasing mean age of the population, mean root collar diameter increased, while mean height, density and root collar area had no correlation with the age. The result of dimension analysis after cutting the sample trees showed that dry weights of stems +branches and root were exponentially increased and dry weights of current leaves and twigs were linearly increased with increasing root collar diameter. However, the dry weight of older leaves was not related to the root collar diameter. The range of total biomass was 1,162~11,474kg/ha and the range of current leaf biomass was 165~1,341kg/ha. The range of T/R ratio was 1.5~2.8. The biomass of stems+branches and root were significantly correlated with the root collar area of the population and were not significantly correlated with the mean age, mean root collar diameter and density of the population. The biomass of current leaves and twigs were significantly correlated with the root collar area and density of the population.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.6
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• pp.650-655
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• 2008

In an attempt to establish the mass proliferation system, Eucalyptus pellita, a 5-year-old plus tree, was cultured with three different culture types in 1L vessels: solid culture without ventilation (conventional culture), liquid culture without ventilation and open-type liquid culture with forced ventilation. Then the culture scale was subsequently increased from 1L to 10L in vessel volume. After 4 weeks of 1L-scale culture, the best growth was obtained by culturing plantlets on open-type liquid culture, suggesting that the in vitro plantlets growth can be enhanced by liquid medium and ventilation. In open-type large scale culture in 10L vessel, plantlets growth resulted in a 370% increase in the number of nodes, 3.6 times increase in leaf expansion, and 3.3 times increase in shoot length, while the conventional culture suppressed shoot growth due to the callusing on the leaves and lack of $CO_2$. The results indicated that the open-type large scale culture system was effective for enhancing productivity by improving growth of the plantlets in clonally proliferated plus tree, Eucalyptus pellita.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.6
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• pp.617-626
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• 2008

Recently, it has been issued whether the current permission standards for forest land-use conversion is adequate or not. This study was aimed at evaluating the propriety of the current permission standards using the Delphi technique, which is one of survey techniques regarding experts's opinions. The results of the survey indicated that the standards related to the connection development restriction and the height of the first berm were underrated in most of the evaluation factors. The size limit and the altitude restriction of the land-use conversion also have a low propriety or applicability due to their vagueness. In case of average slope, its applicability was rated as significantly low because there is no standardized method for estimating or verifying the average slope. A statistical analysis based on coefficient of variation and one-way ANOVA were conducted to examine whether each group of experts agree with these survey results. It is appeared that the survey using Delphi technique could successfully achieved an agreement from each group of experts. Overall, evaluation factors considered in this study seems to be effective to verify the problems of each standards and to guide to improvement of the standards.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 2008

This study was conducted to clarify the use of artificial nest boxes of tits in coniferous and deciduous forests from March to June 2006 and 2007. Tree species richness, tree species diversity and total basal area were higher in deciduous forest than in coniferous forest. Except the bush-ground layer (<1 m), the other vertical layers were more developed in deciduous forest. Varied tit Parus varius, marsh tit P. palustris, coal tit P. ater and major tit P. major used the artificial nest boxes in this study. Number of breeding pairs of tits were higher in deciduous than in coniferous forest. Clutch size, brood size and breeding success of coal tits were higher in coniferous forest. Brood size and breeding success of major tits were higher in deciduous forest. Characteristics of habitat and niche partition would be influenced on tits' use of artificial nest boxes. The more detailed researches on artificial nest boxes would be needed for management and conservation of birds.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.4
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• pp.477-484
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of forest road on the suspended sediment yield into a stream in the small forest watershed. The samples of suspended sediment yield were collected at surveying points A and B in mountains watersheds unaffected by forest road, and at surveying point C affected by forest road. When hourly change of suspended sediment concentration was investigated, it showed the highest increase along the forest road, and the peak of suspended sediment concentration due to the watershed characteristics of each surveying point occurred before or at the same time with, the peak of discharge. This may be due to the time lag in which stagnated unstable suspended sediment moved strongly upon rainfall. Although suspended sediment load varied depending upon rainfall factors and surveying period, suspended sediment load per unit watershed flowed out 4.1 times more at the point C than at the point A and B. The suspended sediment load on 18~19 September, 1998, strongly affected by rainfall factors, was 4.179g/sec/㏊ at the point C, and 0.343g/sec/㏊ and 0.147g/sec/㏊ at the point A and B, respectively. This load was 12 times higher at the point C than at the point A and 28 times higher than at the point B.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.4
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• pp.469-476
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the growth and physiological response of shade intolerant and intermediate tree seedlings to enhanced UV-$B_{BE}$(biologically effective UV-B) radiation. The seedlings of Betula platyphylla var. japonica Hara(shade intolerant species) and Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance(shade intermediate species) were treated with one of the three levels of UV-$B_{BE}$ dosages - ambient UV-$B_{BE}$, ambient+3.2, and ambient+$5.2\;KJ\;m^{-2}day^{-1}$) for 14 weeks in the field condition. Height and root collar diameter growth, leaf area, and biomass production of the seedlings of two species were reduced by enhanced UV-B radiation. Leaf stomatal resistance to water vapor of the F. rhynchophylla seedling was increased by the UV-B increment. The reductions in total chlorophyll and carotenoid were more apparent in the F. rhynchophylla than B. platyphylla seedling. There was no statistically significant changes in the concentration of UV-B absorbing compound($A_{300}$) in the leaves of the two species among the UV-B treatment. However the $A_{300}$ tented to be increased in F. rhynchophylla by enhanced UV-B radiation. These results indicate that the growth and the physiological and biochemical responses between B. platyphylla and F. rhynchophylla were different to enhanced UV-B environment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 1984

This study contains the scientific justification of the forest aromatic bath(F.A.B) in the stage of introduction and the general concepts using in the design of the forest aromatic bath ground, especially definition of F.A.B, basic activities and facilities, carrying capacity and criteria deserving much consideration in designing of it. Terpene, the origin of F.A.B appearance, is made clear that it is efficacious in our physical health. The forest (coniferous one) mainly exhales terpene about noon and morning and seasonally spring and summer time. The most influential factor to exhale terpene is the climate one-wind, temperature, sunlight, humidity. Forest canopy and leaves are related to the concentration of terpene in the forest area. The basic activities for F.A.B are mostly static, and so are the facilities. The forest aromatic bath room(F.A.B.R) which a person must be given for F.A.B. is $169m^2$, 59 persons per ha. This $169m^2$ is the carrying capacity of F.A.B. The sites of F.A.B.G. might better be located around the national and provincial park, mountain torrent, hot spring zone and the waterfronts. Meanwhile, forest management in F.A.B.G should be enforce in order to keep on constantly maintaining the exhalation quantity of terpene.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.38-46
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• 2013

Permanent water supply and water sprinkling systems are essential to protect major forests and facilities from forest fire. Back in 2005, Naksan Temple, a valuable cultural asset of Korea, was burned down in a forest fire that took place in Yangyang. This started a series of movements including installing water supply facilities and managing forests near important cultural assets. As for the existing facilities, however, they were installed without any standard guidelines for management and installation according to each constructor's specifications, which were based on the National Fire Safety Code 109. Unfortunately, this is not effective in protecting facilities from forest fires such as they have a small protection area, limited simultaneous sprinkling, and a difficult the movement of fire hose. Against this background, the study examines the condition of water supply facilities currently in use, identifies their deficiencies, and suggests how to improve the criteria for water supply service to effectively prevent forest fire. Specifically, three systems were proposed: Water Sprinkler Tower System for preventing spread of crown fires, and Forest Fire Hydrant System and Portable Water Spray System to be effective for suppressing surface fires. In addition, the standards on the performance and components of water pumps are also suggested.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.335-352
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated and analysed the water quality, distribution of the vegetation and the wildlife to seven wetlands in Donghae city. As a result, most of the wetlands was found to be very poor water quality and some specific pollutants from entering the wetland. A total of 234 taxa on vegetation were identified including 207 species, 24 varieties, 3 formaes, 168 genera and 69 families. 2 species were recorded as designated rare plant of Korea Forest Service. The naturalized plants were 27 species. The urbanization rate of naturalization index was 8.4% and 11.6% respectively. The number of benthic macroinvertebrate taxa was 35 species, 26 families, 12 orders, 5 classes and 3 phylums. Rare species were recorded 3 species. Taxa for fishes were 5 family and 5 species. Endangered wildlife was found 1 species. Most wetlands in Donghae city were the relatively small in size, and some wetlands were separately located from forest and river ecosystems. It was limited inflow and outflow of species into a wetland from the outside. However, various vegetation were found at whole wetlands and some special species also inhabited. The wetlands performed the role as a habitat of wild life.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2003

Litterfall and litter decomposition represent a major contribution to the carbon and nutrient inputs in a forest ecosystem. We measured litterfall quantity and nutrient dynamics in decomposing litter for two years at the Kwangneung broadleaf natural forest (DK site) in Korea. Litterfall was collected in circular littertraps (collecting area : 0.25 $m^2$) and mass loss rates and nutrient release patterns in decomposing litter were estimated using the litterbag technique employing 30 cm ${\times}$ 30 cm nylon bags with 1.5 mm mesh size. Total annual litterfall was 5,627 kg/ha/yr and leaf litter accounted for 61 % of the litterfall. The leaf litter quantity was highest in Quercus serrata, fallowed by Carpinus laxiflora and C. cordata, etc., which are dominant tree species in the site. Mass loss from decomposing leaf litter was more rapid in C. laxiflora and C. cordata than in Q. serrata litter. About 77% of C. laxiflora and 84% of C. cordata litter disappeared, while about 48% in Q. serrata litter lost over two years. Lower mass loss rates of Q. serrata litter may be attributed to the difference of substrate quality such as lower nutrient concentrations compared with the other litter types. Nutrient concentrations (N, P, Mg) of three litter types except for potassium (K) increased compared with initial nutrient concentrations of litter over the study period. Compared with Q. serrata litter, nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) in C. laxiflora and C. cordata litter were released rapidly. The results suggest that litter mass loss and nutrient dynamic processes among tree species vary considerably in the same site conditions.