• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1203-1213
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• 2013

Governmental accounting system has changed from budgetary accounting on the basis of cash and bookkeeping by single entry to financial accounting on the basis of accrual and bookkeeping by double entry. In the context of this transition, infrastructure becomes considered an asset in accounting, and resulting accounting methods also take different approaches from conventional budgetary accounting. Financial accounting system defines expenditures into two categories, i.e. capital expenditure(CAPEX) and operational expenditure(OPEX), and stipulates that the expenditure shall be divided into those two categories before accounting. The construction and expansion of infrastructure must be considered a CAPEX because it means a sort of asset acquisition, but with regard to applications in practical accounting, it is actually challenging to judge whether any expenditure associated with maintenance works (including repair and service) during use of infrastructure acquired shall be considered CAPEX or OPEX. This paper suggested an asset management based accounting method for sewer maintenance expenditure. And it applied the method to actual accounting cases and analyzed them in comparison with conventional financial information. As a case study result, Sewer asset value of S city increased approximately 700 hundred won because sewer maintenance expenditure are classified between OPEX and CAPEX according to the proposed accounting method. It is expected that the proposed accounting method will contribute significantly to providing any proper sewer asset value information.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.45-60
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• 2003

As the process of economic globalization deepens market uncertainty and severe competition, modern companies are tend to rely on non-market, socio-economic mechanisms such as trust, collaboration, and interdependence, They are being more influenced by cultural economic mechanisms like networks, embeddedness, and placeness rather than explicit cost-reductions. This paper analyzes the characteristics of industrial clusters, the formation of social capital, and the process of institutionalization by comparing two distinctive types of clusters, say Teheran and East-Gate Valleys in Seoul, Korea. The one is mainly consisted of IT industries with increasing vertical integration supported by venture capitals and favorable business infrastructures. The other cluster has long been a traditional CBD frame of Seoul and has transformed to the most dynamic and productive area, characterized by one-stop 'R&D-production-distribution-consumption-after sales services'. The study of the developmental trajectory and key characteristics for these kinds of clusters can give us insight for the cluster theory. This paper firstly reviews the similarities and differences between the social capital in general and that of industrial clusters. It then profiles the growth of the two clusters over the past decade, and compares the current spatial and business structure of the two clusters, focusing on transactions costs, the creation and flow of information, and the local institutions. The paper concludes with some comments about the prospects and perils of the two types industrial clusters of Seoul.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.73-81
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• 2015

This research is designed to analyze the moderating effect of social capital between organizational slack and managerial practices for open innovation. After controlling the firm size, firm age, and environmental uncertainty, we test two hypotheses. First, we test the hypothesis that organizational slack has a positive effect on managerial practices for open innovation. Especially we focus on the managerial innovation and open innovation because recently managerial innovation and open innovation are more and more important. Second, we test the moderating role of social capital between organizational slack and managerial practices for open innovation. Because social capital is a kind of networking activity, we assume that social capital can contribute to managerial practices for open innovation through the networking activity. For this research, we administered the questionnaire surveys, and got the 250 effective data (companies) in Korea. Then we used the validity, reliability, correlation and multiple regression analysis by means of SPSS 18.0. As a result, we can find the two meaningful results. First, organizational slack, especially not absorbed slack but unabsorbed slack, has positive effect on managerial practices for open innovation. It is because absorbed slack such as excessive facilities, machines, or employees is not useful in managerial practices for open innovation. On the other hand, unabsorbed slack is useful in managerial practices for open innovation because unabsorbed slack such as excessive money or securities is very flexible and active. Taken together, the relationship between managerial practices for open innovation and unabsorbed slack is proven in terms of flexibility. Second, social capital has a moderating effect positively between organizational slack, especially not absorbed slack but unabsorbed slack, and managerial practices for open innovation. A prior study related to the relationship between managerial practices for open innovation and social capital doesn't exist yet, so this analysis result is very meaningful in academic respect. But this research has some limitations. First, this research is analyzed by limited region (Korea) and samples (250 companies), so more global regions and samples are recommended in the future. Second, we focus on managerial practices for open innovation in this paper, so the studies about technological practices for open innovation are recommended in the future.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.121-126
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• 2022

This study purports to achieve three different yet related tasks. First of all, this study reviews thoroughly social economy as an academic subject which have been drawing much attentions in social science. Secondly, this study examines developmental trajectory of social economy in Korea and reviews categories and types of social economy in current Korean society. Lastly, this study introduces several arguments around social economy. For these tasks, brief summary of the definitions of social economy from foreign and domestic scholars will be provided. Then five controversial subjects on social economy will be introduced. Those are the effect of social economy on employment, the future of social economy in the context of welfare state, the sustainability of social economy, the relationship of social economy with civil society, and the relationship between social economy and basic income. The author hopes that this study could provide thorough pirctire of social economy conceptually as well as practically for those who are interested in social economy both in academia and civil society organizations.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.151-169
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• 2015

Social enterprises that are solving pressing global issues and providing services such as micro-finance, affordable housing, appropriate technology and education for the 'bottom of the pyramid' as well as cultural and community-related businesses that improve the 'quality of life' within a society are the target of impact investments. Among them, a capital financing is one of the most important factor in founding and fostering of social enterprise. However, the capital market for social enterprises in South Korea are not yet sufficiently developed. The Britain and U.S.A. attempted to solve the social problem by the introduction of the social innovation credit model, for example, social impact bonds(SIB), Big Society Capital, DBLIF, and ACCION International, which are considered as an innovative new financing instrument for social program. Instruments are being attempted for the first time in Britain and America. This study have two purposes. The first purpose is abstracting the institutional mechanism for introduction of impact investment such as SIB and DBLIF case in Britain and U.S.A.. Second, analyzing type and mix of policy instrument on impact investment from the perspective of policy instrument.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.69-88
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• 2020

There has been an increasing attention to social diversity within communities. Previous studies suggest that social diversity is positively related to social trust and social capital that are intimately related to quality of life. Because of the controversy on social segregation that is an opposite concept of social diversity and is a factor negatively affecting quality of life, more studies on the association between social diversity and quality of life should be undertaken. This study employs a multilevel model to examine the association between social capital and quality of life. We analyzed the association using both the pooled sample and samples splitted based on social class. The empirical result shows that the occupational diversity positively affects quality of life while the income diversity negatively affects quality of life. These results provide useful policy implications for setting urban policy directions.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.218-226
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the level and influence factors of social safety perception of middle-aged and older adults with disabilities. The subjects of the survey were older than 50 with disabilities who responded to the 2018 Social Survey. The results analyzed by Hierarchical regression analyzes showed that factors such as gender, age, place of residence, education level, subjective health status, risk response level, compliance level of others, and compliance with public order had a significant effect on the social safety perception level. Through this study, we could know the importance of personal requirements and social capital for social safety perception of middle-aged and older people with disabilities. In the future, the differences in safety perception by type of disability should be studied too.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.15
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• pp.7-27
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• 2008

This study is trying to analyse the correlation between the crime behavior and the social alteration or development. Capitalism reposes on economic competition, and the impact of capitalism is according to crime behavior. Then the type of crime and the diversity of crime are transformed by the social environment and the social development. So this study is divide into 3 parts. The first is the correlation between industrialized and crime. It means that the industrialized is accompanied with the urbanized and arouse a material desire, these social phenomenon are a high correlation with increase of violent behavior and the crime. The second party is explain and analyse the correlation between the information and the crime. The information causes other type crime by contrast with the industrialized age and society. If the industrialized has caused the violent behavior and the crime, the information is too clever by half and break out the crime in the companionship of innumerable unspecifiness. So, the crime of the information age is a very wide scope and casualties, especially has a concealment of crime. And the third party describe in conclusion the social alteration and the extension of crime. Social alteration or social development is according to economic development. Competitive economic development include many complication and friction in a society, these factors are expressed in various crime. In the result the occurrence and the type of crime is a high correlation between the social alteration or development.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.165-175
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• 2018

Since the 1997 financial crisis, large scale unemployment and poverty have become serious, and public and social job creation projects have been carried out. However, with the limitations of low-wage and short-term jobs, the need for long-term and high quality jobs gradually began to attract attention. In recent years, social enterprises have grown both quantitatively and qualitatively and interest in social enterprises has increased. And also it is interested in the determinants of success and failure of social enterprises in the academic field. In this study, we examined the effects of social enterprise characteristics on financial and social performance, and we analyzed empirically by using social enterprises registered in the Korea Social Enterprise Agency. The financial performance of the social enterprise is measured by the net income ratio, operating income ratio, and the return on asset. The social performance of the social enterprise is measured by total number of workers and the employment rate of the vulnerable social groups. The characteristics of the social enterprise include the CEO characteristics (gender, age, experience in operating the social enterprise), the firm size, and the elapsed time of the authentication. The results of the empirical analysis are as follows. First, as a result of analysis for the effect on financial performance, we found that the financial performance have a statistically significant positive relationship with firm size, organizational form, government subsidies and capital adequacy ratio. And it is found that the social performance have a statistically significant negative relationship with CEO age, credit debt dependence. Second, as a result of analysis for the effect on social performance, we foumd that total number of workers have a significant positive relationships with CEO gender, CEO age, and firm size, government subsidies, while total number of workers have a significant negative relationship with certification type and industry dummy. On the other hand, the employment rate of the vulnerable social groups have a siginificant positive relationship with CEO gender and certification type and It have not statistically significant relationship with the government subsidies and the firm size.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1253-1262
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• 2014

Social capital is a sociological concept, which refers to connections within and between social networks. Social capital explains the importance of using social connections and social relations in achieving goals. Social capital such connections and relations, is critical along with environmental dynamism and organizational characteristics in achieving goals for firm's performance. This paper draw the taxonomy of social capital and then analyzed the relationship of firm's performance, environmental dynamism and organizational characteristics such as innovative culture. The empirical results using 134 game corporations in Korea showed that the configuration between taxonomy of social capital was significantly related to organizational structure and innovative culture. And second, the taxonomy of social capital is significantly related to firm's performance.