• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.379-388
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• 2018

This study aims to analyze the causes of conflict between street performing subjects and identify methods to induce their collaboration in promoting a creative city. This study proposes preventive mechanisms after identifying potential problems in performances on the streets of Jeju, which aims to become "the island of culture and art". To this aim, the type and relationship between the subjects of conflict, characters of conflict, solutions, extent and role of tolerance, responses of the subjects, and type of conflict management employed were examined and analyzed. We employed an in-depth interview method involving cases of conflict occurring during street performances in Jeju. were categorized into 6 types. First is conflict resulting from the lack of facilities. Second is conflict caused by non-designated performance venues. Third is conflict due to exclusive ambiance. Fourth is conflict resulting from direct engagement by neighboring residents. Fifth is conflict between residents and police during performances. Sixth is conflict by lack of definite relationship with relevant institutes. To systematically resolve these conflicts, we propose the following management methods: (1) behavioral approach of pretraining through a registration system; (2) establishment of busking zones and allocation after registration; (3) training of facilitators to manage street performances and extended roles; (4) establishment of standards for street performances through the systematic approach of ordinance; (5) training to secure tolerance of residents; and (6) simplification of deliberation process by building a collaborative system among institutes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2020

Accident prevention is more important than follow-up, which is based on Heinrich's law. The marine incident system is a very meaningful system that can prevent similar accidents, and was introduced in 2010 in Korea in accordance with the enforcement of the Code for the Investigation of Marine Casualties and Incidents (CI Code). Based on the CI Code, ship owners or ship operators are required to notify the Central Chief Inspector using the designated notification form in the event of a marine incident, but the number of voluntary notifications is still small. In this regard, this study intends to provide a direction for improvement by conducting an in-depth analysis focusing on the lack of notification procedures and forms of the marine incident system. To this end, we analyzed related regulations, cases of excellent overseas shipping countries such as the United Kingdom and Singapore, cases of similar domestic transportation systems such as aviation and railways, and marine incident notification procedures and forms of leading shipping companies. Major improvements in the notification process include the transition of the marine incidents to voluntary reporting, the expansion of the reporting subjects, and the identification of the security of the informer's identity. The main contents of the notification form revision include the use of the term "reporting" instead of "notification," the content of the identity guarantee in the notification form, and the increase in statistical value through the expansion of optional entries.

• Strategy21
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• s.43
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• pp.89-124
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• 2018

평화를 전쟁의 부재라고 정의할 때 현재 전쟁이 없다면 지금 이 시간은 안전하고 평화로워야 한다. 그러나 지금 현 세상은 비록 공식적으로 선포된 전쟁은 없다고는 하지만 그래도 결코 평화롭다곤 할 수 없을 것이다. 흑해의 크림반도가 노골적인 군사적 침략이 없었지만 결과적으로 러시아의 수중에 떨어졌다. 남중국해의 여러 섬이나 암초들이 정규 군사작전 없이 사실상의 중국의 소유로 기정사실화 되고 있다. 전시 군사적 침략을 통해서만이 확보 가능한 전략적 목표들이 전시도 아니고 그렇다고 평시도 아닌 어중간한 시기에 적 또는 상대의 수중에 떨어지고 있다. 즉, 전시와 평시 사이의 회색지대에서 소위 회색지대전략이라고 부르는 공세적 전역을 통해 이러한 전략적 목표들이 달성되어 지고 있다. 소시지가 너무 커 한입에 다 먹을 수 없으면 잘게 썰어 하나씩 먹으면 결국 전체를 다 먹을 수 있듯이 소규모의 절차적 행동을 단계적으로 실행, 대규모 전투를 통해서만이 확보 가능한 거대하고 중대한 목표를 확보하는 게 회색지대전략의 한 특징이다. 이를 전략적 점진주의(strategic gradualism)라고 한다. 또한 단계적 행동은 누구나 인지할 수 있지만 그러한 점진적 행동의 결과에 대해선 쉽게 간파할 수 없기 때문에 대응자의 입장에선 대부분 특별한 대응책을 세우지 못하고 방치하고 만다는 게 이 전략의 또 다른 특성이다. 즉, 회색지대전략은 특성상 반드시 애매모호성(ambiguity)을 띄고 있다는 것이다. 회색지대에서의 도전자의 행위는 일종의 속임수일 수도 있다. 전략의 본질은 위계, 즉 상대로 하여금 오인, 착각, 부지를 일으키도록 하여 소기의 목적을 달성하는 것이다. 그래서 회색지대전략(gray zone strategy)이라고도 한다. 양육강식의 논리가 작용되는 현실 세계에선 힘이 곧 정의이고 국익이 최고의 선이다. 국가이익은 오직 과정보다는 결과만을 놓고서 정당화된다. 이에 회색지대전략에서도 결과에 대한 유용성만 거론되지 과정상 불법성이나 비도덕성 등은 따지지 않는다. 대부분 이 전략의 애매모호성 때문에 과정 자체를 식별하기가 쉽지 않다. 그래서 대응자의 입장에서도 사전에 예방할 수 있는 선제적 대응전략을 구사하기가 어려운 게 사실이다. 한국도 예외가 아니다. 중국이 해상민병을 이용한 회색지대전략을 구사, 이어도에 대한 도발을 감행할 수도 있다. 일본이 민간 극우파 등을 이용한 회색지대 전략을 구사, 독도에 대한 도발을 감행할 수도 있다. 평화는 거저 존재하지 않는다. 확전을 각오한 사전대비차원의 억지책이 마련되어야 상대의 회색지대전략을 단념시킬 수 있다. 그것도 신뢰성 있는 억지력만이 진정한 평화를 담보할 수 있다. 전략이 있어야 대응계획을 세울 수 있고, 상대는 이럴 때 도발을 단념하게 된다. 대응전략이 없다는 것은 대응계획이 없다는 것을 의미하고, 이러한 무계획은 늘 실패만을 계획하고 있다는 것을 명심해야 할 것이다.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.235-259
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• 2007

These days our society, no matter it is individual or community or nation it has diversity big and small trouble and Terrorism, disaster that gives national crisis in many different ways. Before we dont think disaster is big problem in nation crisis but now we have to think seriously and put the disaster problem in nation crisis. Also security terrorism is important in national crisis just same as security of nation and disaster in national crisis management. Specially, attacking national sovereign and the head of the government are still increasingly and if deadly terror happens than nation will get big crisis and can get aftereffect. Accordingly way of development about crisis control in security terrorism, first of all, for make confrontation system because of crisis management, need judical revision about escort law and prevention of terror. Second of all, need exclusion of guard danger element for strengthening guard safe action. Third of all, strengthening education to people so increase ability of conquest in the scene. Finally, security terror not only directly purpose also indirectly purpose increase, need to development about guards way and need a strong will to reduce terrorism, also put emphasis on prevention guards action and before the fact make perfection more perfect in crisis control to removal element of terror.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.3-25
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• 2011

Recently, a number of local governments as well as private organizations have spearheaded the release of animals into the natural ecosystem in Korea. In 2002, most of these animals released were mammals and birds, but the parameter was gradually expanded to include fish, amphibians, and invertebrates in addition to mammals and birds in 2007, with an increased overall number of animals released. Such increase has not only posed ecological, economic, and public health risks, but also yielded an increase in damages incurred by releasing animals historically or ecologically alien to a given region without thorough risk assessment. The most significant cause of such risks was a critical lack of risk management and regulatory schemes addressing the release of animals into the natural ecosystem. In stark contrast, developed countries long before established the requisite risk management and regulatory schemes either by complying with the IUCN/SSC's Guidelines for Re-Introductions or devising them independently. In this context, the current study has examined the release of animals into the natural ecosystem in Korea and, based on the investigation, asserted a strong need for proper risk management. Moreover, the study has presented systematic risk management and regulatory schemes suitable for the Korean milieu based on a comparative analysis of those employed in developed countries.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

A chronic drought stress has been imposed during non-rainy season(from winter to spring) since 1990s. We faced the most significant water crisis in 2001, and the drought was characterized by sultry weather and severe drought on a national scale. It has been widely acknowledged that the drought related damage is 2-3 times serious than floods. In the list of the world's largest natural disaster compiled by NOAA, 4 of the top 5 disasters are droughts. And according to the analysis from the NDMC report, the drought has the highest annual average damage among all the disasters. There was a very serious impact on the economic such as rising consumer price during the 2001 spring drought in Korea. There has been flood prevention measures implemented at national-level but for mitigation of droughts, there are only plans aimed at emergency (short-term) restoration rather than the comprehensive preventive measures. In addition, there is a lack of a clear set of indicators to express drought situation objectively, and therefore it is important and urgent to begin a systematic study. In this study, a nonstationary downscaling model using RCM based climate change scenario was first applied to simulate precipitation, and the simulated precipitation data was used to derive Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The SPI under climate change was used to evaluate the spatio-temporal variability of drought through principal component analysis at three different time scales which are 2015, 2045 and 2075. It was found that spatio-temporal variability is likely to modulate with climate change.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.32
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• pp.95-122
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• 2012

The ocean in the 21st century is getting emphasized as a treasury of natural resources and a growth engine for the nation. And nations around the world have entered into the hyper-competition to take the initiative for those marine resources. Under the situation, the Korea Coast Guard is devoting itself with full force to protecting maritime sovereignty, ensuring maritime safety and security and preserving the marine environment. Purpose of this study is to analyze Maritime Policing Act of 2012 and their problems and to suggest improvement measures. Objectives of Maritime Policing Act of 2012 is national Defence, policing for maritime security, protection of marine natural resources and marine facility in territorial waters and exclusive economic zone(EEZ) of Korea. Limits of Maritime Policing Act of 2012 are as follows. First, As organization related rules in Maritime Policing Act of 2012 are not enough, Maritime police agency Act should be revised and enacted in order to cope with future administrative demands and legal ground. Second, Article 22 penal regulation is more severe than regulations of another Act. Third, Article 14 should be made improvement for pre-prevention through the pre-report and the establishment of prohibition boundary in maritime demonstration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.741-749
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• 2017

This study aims to provide the technical considerations and implications for the development of soil vulnerability assesment tool based on the review of existing tools and case studies applied both domestically and internationally. For this study, we specifically investigated the basic theories and major features implemented in the screening models abroad. In contrast, one case study of prioritizing the vulnerable districts was presented to identify the research trends in Korea. Our literature review suggested that the characteristic of target areas and contaminants needed to be properly incorporated into soil vulnerability assessment because the current tools in Korea neglected these properties which prevented this tool from being used as a correct measure of soil management and prevention. We also reached the conclusion that in terms of technical aspect, the soil vulnerability assessment tool should be developed based on the physical theory and environmental data that were varied over space and time so that the end-users were able to readily and effectively screen soil vulnerability over large areas. In parallel with technical improvement, great effort needed to be devoted to develop an integrated environmental information system that increased the availability of data and shared various types of environmental data through enhanced multi-agency collaboration.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.626-635
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• 2015

Recently, the number of trail users in Korea has risen tremendously. Consequently, the cost of safety measures related to hiking is sharply increasing. Despite the safety cost input, the number of heart-related adverse events has been not decreasing. Therefore, this research aims to suggest the use of objective and quantitative trail use information in terms of course difficulty. The study site is Jirisan Dullegil (Jirisan Forest Trail). The currently available trail difficulty information either provides the difficulty rating in terms of 3 to 5 levels according to several empirical difficulty factors reported by staff who maintain the forest or simply states the distance of each trail. Thus, many trail visitors feel a great gap between the given information and actual difficulties they experience. In this study, we tried to assess the degree of difficulty by actual energy consumption. Calculating the volumetric oxygen consumption (VOC) by the distance and gradient not only makes possible an absolute rating but a comparison among the trails as well. Also, it is highly effective to simply describe the exercise intensity of a certain trail. Further, it is easy to check the VOCs' changes by switching the start-end points of the same trail. Providing the trail information of VOCs by sections and directions, we expect to prevent heart-related accidents.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.517-529
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the scale for university students' health behaviors. This research is based on Roger's(1975) Protection Motivation Theory and Weinstein(1988)'s Precaution Adoption Process Model as theoretical frameworks. The contents of the scale were first abstracted from personal depth interviews of qualitative study on university students' health behavior experiences and review of its related literature. The initial items consisted of 76 behavior questions and 34 perception questions. After conducting the preliminary test, 33 behavior questions and 24 perception questions were selected for the final test by revisions on the basis of the result of the content validity test and the item understanding test. The questionnaires for the final test were distributed to 400 students enrolled in three universities. The questionnaires collected from 373 participants were analyzed by the SPSS program. From the examination of construct validity, item correlation, and factor relation turned out to be relevant. Five factors were determined from 27 items with a cumulative explained variance of 54.498 %. After examining reliability and validity of the collected dat, 27 items were finalized as the scale for university students' health behaviors.